Cercozoa

Cercomonas sp.

Taxonavigation

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Diaphoretickes
Cladus: Tsar
Cladus: Sar
Infraregnum: Rhizaria
Phylum: Cercozoa
Subphyla: Endomyxa – Filosa

Ordo (incertae sedis): Gymnosphaerida

Genera (incertae sedis): Allas – Feuerbornia – Heliobodo – Proleptomonas – Wagnerella – Zoelucasa

Name

Cercozoa Cavalier-Smith, 1998

References

• Adl, S.M. et al. 2005: The new higher level classification of eukaryotes with emphasis on the taxonomy of protists. Journal of eukaryotic microbiology, 52: 399–451. DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2005.00053.x PDF
• Adl, S. M., Simpson, A. G. B., Lane, C. E., Lukeš, J., Bass, D., Bowser, S. S., Brown, M. W., Burki, F., Dunthorn, M., Hampl, V., Heiss, A., Hoppenrath, M., Lara, E., le Gall, L., Lynn, D. H., McManus, H., Mitchell, E. A. D., Mozley-Stanridge, S. E., Parfrey, L. W., Pawlowski, J., Rueckert, S., Shadwick, L., Schoch, C. L., Smirnov, A. and Spiegel, F. W. (2012), The Revised Classification of Eukaryotes. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, 59: 429–514. doi: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2012.00644.x
• Bass, D.; Chao, E.E.-Y.; Nikolaev, S.; Yabuki, A.; Ishida, K.-i.; Berney, C.; Pakzad, U.; Wylezich, C.; Cavalier-Smith, T. 2008: Phylogeny of novel naked filose and reticulose Cercozoa: Granofilosea cl. n. and Proteomyxidea revised. Protist, 160: 75–109.
• Cavalier-Smith, T. 1998. A revised six-kingdom system of life. Biological Reviews 73(3): 203–266. DOI: 10.1017/s0006323198005167 PDF Free Reference page. 
• Cavalier-Smith, T. 2002. The phagotrophic origin of eukaryotes and phylogenetic classification of Protozoa. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 52(2): 297–354. DOI: 10.1099/00207713-52-2-297 Reference page. 
• Cavalier-Smith, T. & Chao, E.E. 2003. Phylogeny and classification of phylum Cercozoa (Protozoa). Protist 154(3–4): 341–358. PMID: 14658494 DOI: 10.1078/143446103322454112 Reference page. 
• Gordon, D.P., Diggles, B.K., Meisterfeld, R., Hollis, C.J. & Buchanan, P.K. 2012. 15. Phylum Cercozoa: cercomonads, filose testate amoebae, Phaeodaria, plasmodiophoras, Gromia, haplosporidians, and kin. Pp. 233-241 in: Gordon, D.P. (ed.) 2012. New Zealand inventory of biodiversity. Volume 3. Kingdoms Bacteria, Protozoa, Chromista, Plantae, Fungi. Canterbury University Press, Christchurch, New Zealand. Reference page.  Reference page. 

Alternative classifications

Cavalier-Smith (1998)

• Cavalier-Smith, T. 1998. A revised six-kingdom system of life. Biological Reviews 73(3): 203–266. DOI: 10.1017/s0006323198005167 PDF Free Reference page. 

Kingdom Protozoa

• Subkingdom Neozoa
  • Infrakingdom Sarcomastigota
    • Phylum 2. Cercozoa phyl. nov. (syn. Rhizopoda Von Siebold 1845 stat. nov. Haeckel 1886 as emended by Cavalier-Smith 1995b, 1997a; present phylum emended by addition of Spongomonadida and transfer of Cristidiscoidia to Choanozoa: Cavalier-Smith, 1997b)
      • Subphylum Phytomyxa Cavalier-Smith 1997 (e.g. Plasmodiophora)
      • Subphylum Reticulofilosa Cavalier-Smith 1997 (e.g. Chlorarachnion, Cryptochlora)
      • Subphylum Monadofilosa Cavalier-Smith 1997 (e.g. Cercomonas, Gymnophrys, Euglypha, Spongomonas)

Doweld (2001)

• Doweld, A.B. 2001. Prosyllabus Tracheophytorum. Tentamen systematis plantarum vascularium (Tracheophyta) [Prosyllabus Tracheophytorum. Опыт системы сосудистых растений]. LXXX + 110 pp. Moscow: Geos. ISBN 5-89118-283-1. Фундаментальная электронная библиотека «Флора и фауна» DJVU Google Books Reference page. 

Regnum Euglenobiota Leedale ex Doweld 2001 regn. nov.

• Subregnum 1. Cercomonadobiotina Doweld 2001 subregn. nov. (= Chlorarachniobiotina Corliss 1994 ("Chlorarachniophyta"))
  • Phylum 1. Cercomonadozoa Karpov 1990 ("Cercomonada")
    • Class 1. Apusomonadatea Doweld 2001 cl. nov.
    • Class 2. Thaumatomonadatea Mikrjukov 2000 ("Thaumatomonadea")
    • Class 3. Cercomonadatea Mikrjukov 2000 ("Cercomonadea")
    • Class 4. Dimorphiellatea Doweld 2001 cl. nov.
    • Class 5. Clathrulinatea Kussakin & A.L.Drozdov 1998 ("Clathruliniodes")
  • Phylum 2. Chlorarachniozoa D.J.Hibberd & R.E.Norris 1984 ("Chlorarachniophyta")

Cavalier-Smith (2002)

• Cavalier-Smith, T. 2002. The phagotrophic origin of eukaryotes and phylogenetic classification of Protozoa. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 52(2): 297–354. DOI: 10.1099/00207713-52-2-297 Reference page. 

Kingdom Protozoa

• Subkingdom Gymnomyxa
  • Infrakingdom Rhizaria
    • Phylum Cercozoa
      • Subphylum Monadofilosa
      • Subphylum Reticulofilosa
      • Subphylum Endomyxa

Hausmann et al. (2003)

From Hausmann, K., N. Hulsmann, R. Radek. Protistology. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchshandlung, Stuttgart, 2003.

Empire Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 (= Eukarya)

• Phylum Cercozoa Cavalier-Smith, 1998
  • Subphylum Phytomyxa Cavalier-Smith, 1998 (Plasmodiophorea)
  • Subphylum Reticulofilosa Cavalier-Smith, 1998 (Chlorarachnida)
  • Subphylum Monadofilosa Cavalier-Smith, 1998

Cavalier-Smith & Chao (2003)

• Cavalier-Smith, T. & Chao, E.E. 2003. Phylogeny and classification of phylum Cercozoa (Protozoa). Protist 154(3–4): 341–358. PMID: 14658494 DOI: 10.1078/143446103322454112 Reference page. 

Cercozoa Cavalier-Smith 1998

• Subphylum 1. Filosa Cavalier-Smith subphyl. nov.
  • Superclass 1. Reticulofilosa Cavalier-Smith 1996/7 stat. nov.
    • Class 1. Chlorarachnea Hibberd and Norris 1984
      • Order Chlorarachnida Hibberd and Norris 1984 (e.g. Chlorarachnion, Bigelowiella, Lotharella, Cryptochlora, Gymnochlora)
    • Class 2. Spongomonadea Cavalier-Smith 2000
      • Order Spongomonadida Hibberd 1983 (e.g. Spongomonas, Rhipidodendron)
    • Class 3. Proteomyxidea Lankester 1885 emend.
      • Order 1. Pseudosporida Cavalier-Smith 1993. Family Pseudosporidae Berlese in Saccardo 1888 (e.g. Pseudospora)
      • Order 2. Leucodictyida Cavalier-Smith 1993 emend.
        • Family 1. Leucodictyidae Cavalier-Smith 1993 (e.g. Leucodictyon, Reticulamoeba)
        • Family 2. Massisteriidae Cavalier-Smith 1993 (Massisteria)
      • Order 3. Heliomonadida Cavalier-Smith 1993 (Dimorpha, Tetradimorpha)
      • Order 4. Reticulosida Cavalier-Smith ord. nov. (e.g. Gymnophrys, Borkovia; probably also Biomyxa, Chlamydomyxa). Sole family at present: Gymnophryidae (Mikrjukov and Mylnikov 1996)
  • Superclass 2. Monadofilosa Cavalier-Smith 1996/7 stat. nov.
    • Class 1. Sarcomonadea Cavalier-Smith 1993 emend.
      • Order 1. Metopiida Cavalier-Smith ord. nov.
        • Family Metopiidae Cavalier-Smith fam. nov. (type: Metopion fluens Larsen and Patterson 1990).
      • Order 2. Cercomonadida Poche 1913 emend. Vickerman in Honigberg 1983
        • Family 1. Cercomonadidae Kent 1880/1 emend. (Cercomonas)
        • Family 2. Heteromitidae Kent 1880/1 emend. (Heteromita, Bodomorpha, Proleptomonas, Allantion)
    • Class 2. Thecofilosea Cavalier-Smith cl. nov.
      • Order 1. Tectofilosida Cavalier-Smith ord. nov. (Families Pseudodifflugiidae, e.g. Cryptodifflugia; Chlamydophryidae; Psammonobiotidae; Amphitremidae; Volutellidae)
      • Order 2. Cryomonadida Cavalier-Smith 1993 (e.g. Cryothecomonas)
    • Class 3. Imbricatea Cavalier-Smith cl. nov
      • Order 1. Thaumatomonadida Shirkina 1987 (e.g. Thaumatomonas, Thaumatomastix, Allas, Gyromitus)
      • Order 2. Euglyphida Copeland 1956 emend. Cavalier-Smith 1997 (4 families, e.g. Euglypha, Trinema, Corythion, Assulina, Tracheleuglypha, Trachelocorythion, Cyphoderia, Paulinella)
• Subphylum 2. Endomyxa Cavalier-Smith 2002 emend.
  • Class 1. Phytomyxea Engler and Prantl 1897
    • Order 1. Phagomyxida Cavalier-Smith 1993 (e.g. Phagomyxa)
    • Order 2. Plasmodiophorida Cook 1928 (e.g. Plasmodiophora, Spongospora)
  • Class 2. Ascetosporea Sprague 1979 stat. nov. Cavalier-Smith 2002
    • Order 1. Haplosporida Caullery and Mesnil 1889 orth. em. Lühe 1900 (Minchinia, Haplosporidium, Urosporidium, Bonamia, Mikrocytos)
    • Order 2. Paramyxida Chatton 1911 (Marteilia, Paramyxa, Paramarteilia)
    • Order 3. Claustrosporida Cavalier-Smith ord. nov. (Claustrosporidium)
  • Class 3. Gromiidea Cavalier-Smith cl. nov.
    • Order Gromiida Claparède and Lachmann 1856 (Gromia)

[Notes:

"As pointed out by Cavalier-Smith and Chao (2003b), Desmothoracida are also likely to be Cercozoa; if so, they would belong in this class Proteomyxidea close to heliomonads.

It is unclear whether the order Commatiida Cavalier-Smith 1996/7 (Commation) belongs in Cercozoa or Heterokonta.

Vampyrellida Starobogatov ex Krylov et al. 1980 were formerly included in Monadofilosa (Cavalier Smith 1996/7), but are now left as Protozoa incertae sedis pending molecular evidence."]

Adl et al. (2005)

Eukaryota Chatton, 1925

• Rhizaria Cavalier-Smith, 2002
  • Cercozoa Cavalier-Smith, 1998, emend. Adl et al., 2005
    • Cercomonadida Poche, 1913, emend. Vickerman, 1983, emend. Mylnikov, 1986
    • Silicofilosea Adl et al., 2005 (Imbricatea Cavalier-Smith and Chao, 2003)
    • Chlorarachniophyta Hibberd and Norris, 1984
    • Phytomyxea Engler and Prantl, 1897, emend. Cavalier-Smith, 1993
    • Phaeodarea Haeckel, 1879 (Tripylea Hertwig, 1879)
    • Nucleohelea Cavalier-Smith, 1993
    • Incertae sedis

Howe et al. (2009)

Howe, A. T., Bass, D., Vickerman, K., Chao, E. E., & Cavalier-Smith, T. (2009). Phylogeny, taxonomy, and astounding genetic diversity of Glissomonadida ord. nov., the dominant gliding zooflagellates in soil (Protozoa: Cercozoa). Protist, 160(2), 159-189, [1].

Cercozoa

• Class Sarcomonadea
  • Order 1. Cercomonadida
    • Family Cercomonadidae
      • Genus 1 Cercomonas
      • Genus 2 Eocercomonas
      • Genus 3 Paracercomonas
  • Order 2. Glissomonadida ord. nov.
    • Family 1. Sandonidae fam. nov.
      • Genus 1 Neoheteromita gen. nov.
      • Genus 2 Flectomonas gen. nov.
      • Genus 3 Sandona gen. nov.
    • Family 2. Allapsidae fam. nov.
      • Genus 4 Allapsa gen. nov.
      • Genus 5 Teretomonas gen. nov.
    • Family 3. Bodomorphidae Hollande, 1952
      • Genus 6 Bodomorpha Hollande, 1952
    • Family 4. Proleptomonadidae fam. nov.
      • Genus 8. Proleptomonas Woodcock, 1916
    • Family 5. Sainouridae Cavalier-Smith, 2008
      • Genus 9. Sainouron
      • Genus 10. Cholamonas
    • Probable glissomonad: Allantion Sandon
  • Order 3. Pansomonadida
    • Genus Aurigamonas
    • ‘Cercobodo agilis’ CCAP 1910/1
  • Order 4. Metopiida (in this class in Cavalier-Smith and Chao 2003, but not Bass and Cavalier-Smith 2004; we leave it in Sarcomonadea as there is currently insufficient basis for establishing a separate class)
    • Family Metopiidae Cavalier-Smith 2003
      • Genus Metopion (Larson and Patterson 1990)

Adl et al. (2012)

Adl, S.M. et al. (2012). The revised classification of eukaryotes. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 59 (5): 429–514, [2].

Eukaryota Chatton, 1925

• Sar Burki et al. 2007
  • Stramenopiles Patterson 1989, emend. Adl et al. 2005
  • Alveolata Cavalier-Smith 1991
  • Rhizaria Cavalier-Smith, 2002
    • Cercozoa Cavalier-Smith 1998, emend. Adl et al. 2005
      • Cercomonadidae Kent 1880, emend. Mylnikov & Karpov 2004 (= Cercomonadida Poche 1913, emend. Vickerman 1983, emend. Mylnikov 1986, emend. Karpov et al. 2006; Cercobodonidae Hollande 1942)
        • Brevimastigomonas, Cavernomonas, Cercomonas, Eoercomonas [Eocercomonas], Filomonas, Metabolomonas, Neocercomonas, Nucleocercomonas, Paracercomonas
      • Pansomonadida Vickerman 2005
        • Agitata, Aurigamonas
      • Glissomonadida Howe & Cavalier-Smith 2009 (Heteromitidae Kent 1880, emend. Mylnikov 1990, emend. Mylnikov & Karpov 2004; Bodomorphidae Hollande 1952)
        • Allantion, Allapsa, Bodomorpha, Dujardina, Flectomonas, Mollimonas, Neoheteromita, Proleptomonas, Sandona, Teretomonas
      • Tremula Howe et al. 2011 (M)
      • Metromonadea Cavalier-Smith 2007, emend. Cavalier-Smith 2011
        • Metromonas, Metopion, Micrometopion
      • Granofilosea Cavalier-Smith & Bass 2009
        • Limnofila, Massisteria, Mesofila, Minimassisteria, Nanofila
        • Clathrulinidae Claus 1874 (Desmothoracida Hertwig & Lesser 1874)
          • Cienkowskia, Clathrulina, Hedriocystis
          • Incertae sedis Clathrulinidae: Servetia
      • Thecofilosea Cavalier-Smith 2003, emend. Cavalier-Smith 2011
        • Phaeodarea Haeckel 1879 (Tripylea Hertwig 1879)
          • Phaeoconchia Haeckel 1879
            • Coelodendrum, Coelographis, Conchellium, Conchopsis
          • Phaeocystina Haeckel 1879
            • Aulacantha, Aulographis, Cannoraphis
          • Phaeogromia Haeckel 1879
            • Castanella, Challengeron, Haeckeliana, Medusetta, Tuscarora
          • Phaeosphaeria Haeckel 1879
            • Aulosphaera, Cannosphaera, Sagosphaera
        • Cryomonadida Cavalier-Smith 1993 (R)
          • Rhizaspididae Skuja 1948
            • Capsellina, Rhizaspis, Rhogostoma (previously misidentified as Lecythium)
          • Protaspidae Cavalier-Smith 1993 (R)
            • Cryothecomonas, Protaspis (called Protaspa in Howe et al. 2011)(P)
        • Ventricleftida Cavalier-Smith 2011
          • Ventrifissura, Verrucomonas
        • Ebriacea Lemmermann 1901 (Ebriidae Poche 1913)
          • Ebria, Hermesinum
        • Incertae sedis Thecofilosea: Chlamydophryidae de Saedeleer 1934, emend. Meisterfeld 2002
          • Capsellina, Lecythium
          • Incertae sedis Chlamydophryidae de Saedeleer 1934: Capsellina, Chlamydophrys, Clypeolina, Diaphoropodon, Lecythium, Leptochlamydophrys, Penardeugenia
        • Incertae sedis Thecofilosea: Botuliforma, Mataza, Pseudodifflugia
      • Imbricatea Cavalier-Smith 2011 (Cavalier-Smith 2003)
        • Spongomonadida Hibberd 1983 (Spongomonadidae Karpov 1990)
          • Rhipidodendron, Spongomonas
        • Nudifila Cavalier-Smith & Howe 2009 (M)
          • Nudifila producta
        • Marimonadida Cavalier-Smith & Bass 2011
          • Auranticordis, Pseudopirsonia, Rhabdamoeba
        • Silicofilosea Adl et al. 2005, emend. Adl et al. 2012
          • Thaumatomonadida Shirkina 1987 (Thaumatomastigidae Patterson & Zölfell 1991)
            • Thaumatomonadidae Hollande 1952
              • Allas, Hyaloselene, Reckertia, Thaumatomonas, Thaumatomastix
            • Peregriniidae Cavalier-Smith 2011
              • Gyromitus, Peregrinia
          • Euglyphida Copeland 1956, emend. Cavalier-Smith 1997
            • Euglyphidae Wallich 1864, emend Lara et al. 2007
              • Euglypha, Scutiglypha
            • Assulinidae Lara et al. 2007
              • Assulina, Placocista, Valkanovia
            • Trinematidae Hoogenraad & De Groot 1940, emend Adl et al. 2012
              • Corythion, Playfairina, Puytoracia, Trinema
            • Cyphoderiidae de Saedeleer 1934
              • Campascus, Corythionella, Cyphoderia, Messemvriella, Pseudocorythion, Schaudinnula
            • Paulinellidae de Saedeller 1934, emend. Adl et al. 2012
              • Ovulinata, Paulinella
            • Incertae sedis Euglyphida: Ampullataria, Deharvengia, Euglyphidion, Heteroglypha, Matsakision, Pareuglypha, Pileolus, Sphenoderia, Tracheleuglypha, Trachelocorythion
        • Incertae sedis Imbricatea: Clautriavia, Discomonas
      • Chlorarachniophyta Hibberd & Norris 1984
        • Bigelowiella, Chlorarachnion, Cryptochlora, Gymnochlora, Lotharella, Partenskyella
      • Vampyrellida West 1901, emend. Hess et al. 2012
        • Arachnula, Gobiella, Hyalodiscus, Lateromyxa, Leptophrys, Platyreta, Thalassomyxa, Theratromyxa, Vampyrella, possibly Penardia
      • Phytomyxea Engler & Prantl 1897
        • Plasmodiophorida Cook 1928 (e.g. Plasmodiophora, Phagomyxa, Spongomyxa, Sorosphaera, Spongospora)
        • Phagomyxida Cavalier-Smith 1993 (e.g. Phagomyxa)
      • Filoreta Bass & Cavalier-Smith 2009
        • Filoreta japonica, Filoreta marina, Filoreta tenera, Filoreta turnica
      • Gromia Dujardin 1835
      • Ascetosporea Sprague 1979, emend. Cavalier-Smith 2009
        • Haplosporida Caullery & Mesnil 1899
          • Bonamia, Haplosporidium, Microcytos, Minchinia, Urosporidium
        • Paramyxida Chatton 1911
          • Marteilia, Paramyxa, Paramarteilia
        • Claustrosporidium Larsson 1987
        • Paradiniidae Schiller 1935
          • Paradinium
      • Incertae sedis Cercozoa: Psammonobiotidae Golemansky 1974, emend Meisterfeld 2002
        • Alepiella, Chardezia, Edaphonobiotus, Feuerbornia, Frenzelina, Lesquerella, Micramphora, Micropsammella, Nadinella, Ogdeniella, Psammonobiotus, Propsammonobiotus, Rhumbleriella
      • Incertae sedis Cercozoa: Volutellidae Sudzuki 1979
        • Pseudovolutella, Volutella

[Notes: M, monotypic group with only one described species; P, paraphyletic group; R, ribogroup assembled from phylogenetic studies.]

Cavalier-Smith & Chao (2012)

Cavalier-Smith, Thomas; Chao, Ema E. (2012). Oxnerella micra sp. n. (Oxnerellidae fam. n.), a Tiny Naked Centrohelid, and the Diversity and Evolution of Heliozoa. Protist 163 (4): 574–601. doi:10.1016/j.protis.2011.12.005.

In Cercozoa

• New Taxa in Imbricatea
  • New subclass Placoperla Cavalier-Smith
    • New superorder Perlatia Cavalier-Smith
      • New order Perlofilida Cavalier-Smith
        • Family Pompholyxophryidae Page, 1987 (sole genus Pompholyxophrys Archer 1869)
        • Family Acanthoperlidae Cavalier-Smith fam. n. (sole and type genus Acanthoperla Cavalier-Smith gen. n.)
      • Order Spongomonadida
    • New superorder Placofila Cavalier-Smith
      • Order Thaumatomonadida
      • Order Rotosphaerida
        • Suborder Rotosphaeridia
          • New familly Pinaciophoridae Cavalier-Smith (Pinaciophora Greef, 1873, Eiffelospina Cavalier-Smith gen. n., Turriplaca Cavalier-Smith gen. n.)
          • New familly Clathrellidae Cavalier-Smith (sole genus Clathrella Penard, 1903)
          • New familly Rabdiophryidae Cavalier-Smith (Rabdiophrys Rainer, 1968, Paraluffisphaera Esteban et al., 2005) Rabdiasteridae
          • New familly Rabdiasteridae Cavalier-Smith (sole genus Rabdiaster Mikrjukov, 1999)
        • Suborder Luffisphaeridia Cavalier-Smith subord. n.
  • New subclass Placonuda Cavalier-Smith
    • New superorder Nudisarca Cavalier-Smith (Nudifilidae plus Marimononadida)
• New taxa in Thecofilosea
  • New subclass Eothecia Cavalier-Smith (Ventricleftida, Ebriida, Cryomonadida, Hemimastigida, and Matazida Cavalier-Smith ord. n.)
  • New subclass Tectosia Cavalier-Smith
    • Infraclass Phaeodaria
      • Order Eodarida Cavalier-Smith
      • Order Opaloconchida Cavalier-Smith
    • Infraclass ?
      • Order Tectofilosida
        • Suborder Unitremina Cavalier-Smith
        • Suborder Amphitremina Cavalier-Smith
        • Suborder Lithocollina Cavalier-Smith.

Ruggiero et al. (2015)

• Ruggiero, M.A., Gordon, D.P., Orrell, T.M., Bailly, N., Bourgoin, T., Brusca, R.C., Cavalier-Smith, T., Guiry, M.D. & Kirk, P.M. 2015. A Higher Level Classification of All Living Organisms. PLoS ONE 10(4): e0119248 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119248 . [Correction in 10(6): e0130114 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130114 .] Reference page. 

• Superkingdom Eukaryota
  • Kingdom Chromista
    • Subkingdom Hacrobia
    • Subkingdom Harosa [= "Supergroup SAR"]
      • Infrakingdom Halvaria
        • Superphylum Alveolata
        • Superphylum Heterokonta [= "Supergroup Stramenopiles"]
      • Infrakingdom Rhizaria
        • Phylum Cercozoa
          • Subphylum Endomyxa
            • Class Ascetosporea
              • Order Claustrosporida
              • Order Haplosporida
              • Order Paradinida
              • Order Paramyxida
            • Class Gromiidea
              • Order Gromiida
              • Order Reticulosida
            • Class Phytomyxea
              • Order Phagomyxida
              • Order Plasmodiophorida
            • Class Vampyrellidea
              • Order Vampyrellida
          • Subphylum Monadofilosa
            • Class Imbricatea
              • Subclass Placonuda
                • Order Discocelida
                • Order Discomonadida
                • Order Euglyphida
                • Order Marimonadida
                • Order Variglissida
              • Subclass Placoperla
                • Order Perlofilida
                • Order Rotosphaerida
                • Order Spongomonadida
                • Order Thaumatomonadida
                • Order Zoelucasida
            • Class Metromonadea
              • Order Metopiida
              • Order Metromonadida
            • Class Sarcomonadea
              • Order Cercomonadida
              • Order Glissomonadida
              • Order Pansomonadida
              • Order Pseudosporida
              • Order Sainouroida
            • Class Thecofilosea
              • Subclass Eothecia
                • Order Cryomonadida
                • Order Ebriida
                • Order Matazida
                • Order Ventricleftida
              • Subclass Phaeodaria
                • Order Eodarida
                • Order Opaloconchida
              • Subclass Tectosia
                • Order Tectofilosida
          • Subphylum Reticulofilosa
            • Class Chlorarachnea
              • Order Chlorarachnida
            • Class Granofilosea
              • Order Cryptofilida
              • Order Desmothoracida
              • Order Leucodictyida
              • Order Limnofilida
            • Class Skiomonadea
              • Order Tremulida
        • Phylum Retaria