Bikonta

Peridinea (cladus Chromalveolata)

Taxonavigation

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Protista
Supergroup: Bikonta
Cladi: Archaeplastida – Chromalveolata – Excavata – Rhizaria
Phyla(?) incertae sedis: Apusozoa – Heliozoa – Chromista – Telonemea

[List of cladi after Cavalier-Smith 2009: 28, Bikonts comprise three or four major groups, probably all clades: Apusozoa, probably the first diverging, Excavata, probably next diverging, Rhizaria, and corticates]

Name

Bikonta Cavalier-Smith, 1993

Similar groups

• Biciliata Cavalier-Smith, 1993
• Photokaryotes Cavalier-Smith, 1999
• Diaphoretickes Adl et al., 2012 [It excludes Excavata.]
• Diphoda Derelle et al., 2015
• Corticata Lankester, 1877, emend. Cavalier-Smith, 2015

References

• Cavalier-Smith T., 1993. Kingdom protozoa and its 18 phyla. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, Am Soc Microbiol.
• Adl, S.M. et al. 2005. The new higher level classification of eukaryotes with emphasis on the taxonomy of protists. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 52: 399–451. DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2005.00053.x PDF.
• Burki, F., Shalchian-Tabrizi, K., Minge, M., Skjæveland, A., Nikolaev, S.I., Jakobsen, K.S. & Pawlowski, J. 2007. Phylogenomics reshuffles the eukaryotic supergroups. PLoS ONE 2 : e790. Ful article.
• Cavalier-Smith, T. 1999. Principles of protein and lipid targeting in secondary symbiogenesis: euglenoid, dinoflagellate, and sporozoan plastid origins and the eukaryote family tree. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 46(4), 347–366, Abstract.
• Cavalier-Smith, T. 2003. Protist phylogeny and the high-level classification of Protozoa. European Journal of Protistology 39: 338–348
• Cavalier-Smith, T. 2009. Megaphylogeny, cell body plans, adaptive zones: causes and timing of eukaryote basal radiations. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 56: 26–33. DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2008.00373.x Abstract.

Vernacular names

English: Bikont
français: Bicontes, bicontes, biciliés
日本語: バイコンタ
македонски: Двокамшични
Türkçe: Çift kamçılı bir atasal canlıdan türeyenler
Tiếng Việt: Sinh vật hai lông roi

For more multimedia, look at Bikonta on Wikimedia Commons.