帮助:参考文献部分
参考文献
参考文献部分应为页面上提供的信息提供证据。没有这些证据，信息就会变得毫无用处。请注意，所有参考文献都必须遵循以下准则，以便维基物种中的所有引用保持一致。
{{Cite journal}} is now available for use in citations.
若参考文献有多条，则按作者姓名首字母排序。
Please make use of the following style rules:
- Don't add spaces between the author's initials. Example:
Ferreyra, H.D.V. - Use en dash (–) without spaces as separator for ranges such as page numbers and years of publication. This is ISO standard. Examples:
2016–2017,pp.54–59. Do not use hyphen (-) or the longer m-dash (—). - All authors should be listed. Don't use et al.
- Link the journal name to its ISSN page. Example:
''[[ISSN 1175-5326|Zootaxa]]''which renders as Zootaxa but links to the journal's ISSN 1175-5326 page.- ISSNs are used for several reasons: they are stable link targets and avoid a multiplication of redirect for various formats of a title (abbreviations, punctuation, diacritics, capitalization...), they also reduce the amount of required disambiguation where a journal shares a title with a taxon.
- For links to BHL please use the
{{BHL}}template. Example:{{BHL|page/34633434}}which renders as BHL with a direct link to the specific page at BHL. (The parameter to use in the template is the part directly after "biodiversitylibrary.org/" in the URL given in the left menu on the BHL page. If for example the link there isbiodiversitylibrary.org/page/34633434then add "page/34633434" as the template parameter.) This goes after{{Cite journal}}.
When not using {{Cite journal}} (which takes care of these for you), also bear in mind:
- 我们在该部分使用的一个有用模板是
{{a|Author Page Name|作者简称}}模板。该模板将以不同于其他文字的字体打印作者姓名（Linnaeus），并创建一个链接，指向介绍作者信息的维基物种页面。 - 期刊名称及书籍标题应为斜体。
- Follow the year with a dot. Example:
2015. - Use small caps for the authors' names and link them to their respective page by employing the
{{A}}template. Example:{{a|Hebe del Valle Ferreyra|Ferreyra, H.D.V.}}which will render as Ferreyra, H.D.V. but link to Hebe del Valle Ferreyra. For unlinked author names use the{{Aut}}template instead, e.g.{{aut|Ferreyra, H.D.V.}}which will render as Ferreyra, H.D.V. - Don't add space between volume and fascicle numbers. In other words do like this:
4057(1)but never like this:4057 (1) - The different author names should be separated by comma, not by other punctuation marks such as semicolon. Also note that there should not be a comma separating the (last) author name and the year of publication, since the author and year is already separated by the dot after the author's initials, e.g. "Ferreyra, H.D.V. 2015."
- For ISBN's please use the
{{ISBN}}template. Example:{{ISBN|978-0-684-15976-8}}which renders as ISBN 978-0-684-15976-8 and links to the book sources search page. - Likewise for DOI's please use the
{{Doi}}template. Example:{{doi|10.11646/zootaxa.4057.1.6}}which renders as DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4057.1.6 and links to the online version of the journal article.
参考示例：
== {{int:References}} ==
* {{a|María Soledad Moleón|Moleón, M.S.}}, {{a|John Mike Kinsella|Kinsella, J.M.}}, {{a|Pablo Gastón Moreno|Moreno, P.G.}}, {{a|Hebe Del Valle Ferreyra|Ferreyra, H.D.V.}}, {{a|Javier Pereira|Pereira, J.}}, {{a|Mónica Pía|Pía, M.}} & {{a|Pablo Martín Beldomenico|Beldomenico, P.M.}} 2015. New hosts and localities for helminths of carnivores in Argentina. ''[[ISSN 1175-5326|Zootaxa]]'' 4057(1): 106–114. {{doi|10.11646/zootaxa.4057.1.6}} [http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2015/f/z04057p114f.pdf Preview (PDF).]
会显示成：
References
- Moleón, M.S., Kinsella, J.M., Moreno, P.G., Ferreyra, H.D.V., Pereira, J., Pía, M. & Beldomenico, P.M. 2015. New hosts and localities for helminths of carnivores in Argentina. Zootaxa 4057(1): 106–114. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4057.1.6 Preview (PDF).
一个好的参考应该：
- 是分类单元的发表或更改描述
- 列出所有作者的名字、DOI、全文或摘要的链接
- 在扩展参考中列出基础参考的引用文献
如果不满足以上要求，则引用会被标记为存疑。大部分发表于90年前的生物分类文献处于公有领域，可以在生物多样性图书馆(BHL)之类的网站上找到。 一些近期发表的期刊文章提供在线阅览，您可以添加对应文章的链接。
参考文献分类
根据重要性差别可将参考文献章节分为以下分段：
=== {{int:Primary references}} ===
包括命名相关的研究：原始描述、异名来源、新组合、模式分配等。
=== {{int:Additional references}} ===
包括其他的分类研究：模式标本重审、分布、材料说明、分类表等。
=== {{int:Links}} ===
指向外部网站的链接。
- 完整格式:
=={{int:References}}==
==={{int:Primary references}}===
==={{int:Additional references}}===
==={{int:Links}}===
注意单词必须为复数。
参考文献模板
若某篇文章命名或重新审定了多数的新类群，这篇文章会被许多页面引用。
在这种情况下，为发表的论文创建一个参考文献模板是非常有用的。这些参考文献的维基物种标准格式（包括小写字母和斜体的使用）为：
You don't have to do this, but if you do, it means less work for others, and even for yourself. Subsequent updates (for example, a spelling correction, or the addition of a DOI, or a link to a scan) only need to be done once, in the template, not on each affected page.
It is also possible to link to a template from the item about the work in Wikidata, and vice versa.
The Wikispecies standard format, including the use of small caps and italics, of these references is:
- Author, A. Year. Title of Paper. Name of Journal Volume x (part y): pages n1–n2, plates x1–x2. Internet link.
or for a book...
- Author, A. Year. Title of Book. Name and location of publisher: n pages and x plates. Internet link.
引用模板标题应为Template:作者, 年份，代码为{{作者, 年份}}
。作者名称一般只写明姓氏，在名称与年份间是一个半角冒号和空格。如该模板已被占用，如{{Smith, 2015}}则可用小写字母区分：{{Smith, 2015a}}、{{Smith, 2015b}}、{{Smith, 2015c}}。
In total, there are only four allowed Author, Year variations:
- ✓
Myers, 1942 - ✓
Myers & Young, 1942 - ✓
Myers, Young & Hill, 1942 - ✓
Myers et al., 1942
and each of these can be suffixed with a letter:
- ✓
Myers, 1942a - ✓
Myers & Young, 1942a - ✓
Myers, Young & Hill, 1942a - ✓
Myers et al., 1942a
Please note the use of spaces, and that author's initials, colon or semicolon are never used.
No other variations are allowed. Examples of NOT allowed formats:
- ✓
Myers, September 1942 - ✓
Myers, 1942-09 - ✗
G.S. Myers, 1942 - ✗
Myers, G. & Young, N., 1942 - ✗
Myers et al. 1942 - ✗
Myers, et al., 1942 - ✗
Myers&Young,1942 - ✗
Myers&Young 1942 - ✗
Myers, G.S., 1942 - ✗
Myers 1942 - ✗
Myers,1942 - ✗
Myers; 1942
Also not allowed is to name reference templates after journals or books. For example, "Zt3690.1.1" (abbreviaton of Zootaxa) is not allowed.
这里给出一个例子：{{Myers, 1942}}
* {{a|George Sprague Myers|Myers, G.S.}} 1942. A new frog of the genus ''Micrixalus'' from Travancore. ''[[ISSN 0006-324X|Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington]]'' 55: 71–74. [https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/34633434 BHL]{{subst:reftemp}}
(note the lack of space between the content and {{subst:reftemp}} code)
会显示成：
- Myers, G.S. 1942. A new frog of the genus Micrixalus from Travancore. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 55: 71–74. BHL Reference page.
上例中置于引用模板后的{{reftemp|subst:reftemp}}模板用于补充未尽部分。
点击“reference page”可以打开对应的模板页面。 在模板页面上的修改会反映到任一包含此模板的页面。
Language
Where the title of the paper or journal is not in English, add language markup using {{Lang}}, as in this edit. The lower-case two letter language codes are the ISO 639-1 standard for the language, which you can find in the infobox of Wikipedia articles about languages. Common values include:
- French
- fr
- German
- de
- Latin
- la
- Portuguese
- pt
- Russian
- ru
- Spanish
- es
- Ukranian
- uk
Citing specific pages
Where necessary individual pages can be referenced on the article about a taxon, for example:
{{Myers, 1942}} at p.72
which renders as:
- Myers, G.S. 1942. A new frog of the genus Micrixalus from Travancore. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 55: 71–74. BHL Reference page. at p.72
更多信息
在引用模板页面也可添加其相关的文献或网站链接。 这部分应被写在<noinclude>……</noinclude>中以确保不会显示在使用模板的页面上。例：Template:White, 1846。
标准引用模板
完整列表可以在这里找到。
| Template code | Result | More information |
|---|---|---|
{{AlgaeBase|genus|43546}}
|
Template:AlgaeBase | |
{{ASW5|accessdate=2008-01-16}}
|
Frost, Darrel R. (2007). Amphibian Species of the World: An Online Reference. Version 5.0. Electronic database accessible at [1]. Accessed on 2008-01-16. | Template:ASW5 |
{{CoF|sp|4340||Nematobrycon palmeri}}
|
|
Template:CoF |
{{FishBase|258|''Esox lucius''}}
|
|
Template:FishBase |
{{GRIN|fam|879}}{{GRIN|gen|9418}}{{GRIN|sp|28411}}
|
|
Template:GRIN |
{{ITIS|180679|i}}{{ITIS|180679|''Dugong dugon'' ({{aut|Müller}}, 1776)}}
|
|
Template:ITIS |
{{IUCN|CR|57334|Telmatobius culeus}}
|
IUCN: Telmatobius culeus (Critically Endangered) | Template:IUCN |
{{MSW|11600005}}{{MSW|11600005|i}}
|
|
Template:MSW |
{{NCBI|9606|''Homo sapiens''}}
|
|
Template:NCBI |
{{NRDB genus|genus=Naja}}{{NRDB species|genus=Naja|species=naja}}
|
Naja at the New Reptile Database Naja naja at the New Reptile Database |
Template:NRDB genus Template:NRDB species |
{{PLANTS|ADENI}}
|
|
Template:PLANTS |
{{WoRMS||154210}}
|
Template:WoRMS |
| ← Name section | Reference section/zh | Vernacular names section → |