Chlorophyta
Taxonavigation
[edit]Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Divisio: Chlorophyta
Subdivisiones = Subphyla:
Chlorophytina –
Prasinophytina
Classes:
Chlorodendrophyceae –
Chlorophyceae –
Chloropicophyceae –
Mamiellophyceae –
Nephrophyceae –
Pedinophyceae –
Picocystophyceae –
Pyramimonadophyceae –
Trebouxiophyceae –
Ulvophyceae
Genera (classis, ordo, familia incertae sedis):
†Asphaltinella –
Chloremys –
†Colonella –
Ovillaria –
Paramastix –
Pseudostichococcus –
Smithsoniella –
Sphaerosiphon –
Uvella
Name
[edit]Chlorophyta Reichenbach, 1834: 5.
References
[edit]Primary references
[edit]- Reichenbach, H.G.L. 1834. Das Pflanzenreich in seinen natürlichen Classen und Familien: entwickelt und durch mehr als Tausend in Kupfer gestochene übersichtliche-bildliche Darstellungen für Anfänger und Freunde der Botanik erläutert. pp. [i]–iv, [1]–62. Leipzig: Verlag der Expedition des Naturfreundes. online Reference page. : 5
Additional references
[edit]- Broady, P.A., Flint, E.A., Nelson, W.A., Cassie Cooper, V., De Winton, M.D. & Novis, P.M. 2012. 23. Phyla Chlorophyta and Charophyta: green algae. Pp. 347-381 in: Gordon, D.P. (ed.) 2012. New Zealand inventory of biodiversity. Volume 3. Kingdoms Bacteria, Protozoa, Chromista, Plantae, Fungi. Canterbury University Press, Christchurch, New Zealand. Reference page. Reference page.
- Leliaert, F., Smith, D.R., Moreau, H., Herron, M.D., Verbruggen, H., Delwiche, C.F. & De Clerck, O. 2012. Phylogeny and molecular evolution of the green algae. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences 31(1): 1–46. DOI: 10.1080/07352689.2011.615705 PDF Reference page.
- Leliaert, F., Tronholm, A., Lemieux, C., Turmel, M., DePriest, M.S., Bhattacharya, D., Karol. K.G., Fredericq, S., Zechman, F.W. & Lopez-Bautista, J.M. 2016. Chloroplast phylogenomic analyses reveal the deepest-branching lineage of the Chlorophyta, Palmophyllophyceae class. nov. Scientific Reports 6(25637): 1–13, 6 figs. DOI: 10.1038/srep25367 Reference page.
- Lopes dos Santos, A., Pollina, T., Gourvil, P., Corre, E., Marie, D., Garrido, J.L., Rodríguez, F., Noël, M.-H., Vaulot, D. & Eikrem, W. 2017. Chloropicophyceae, a new class of picophytoplanktonic prasinophytes. Scientific Reports 7(14019): 1–20, 7 figs, 3 tables. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12412-5 Reference page.
- Škaloud, P., Rindi, F., Boedeker, C. & Leliaert, F. 2018. Süßwasserflora von Mitteleuropa. Freshwater flora of central Europe. Bd 13. Chlorophyta: Ulvophyceae (Krienitz, L. ed.). pp. [i]–ii, [1]–288, 182 figs. Berlin: Springer Spektrum. Reference page.
Links
[edit]- Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 2020. Chlorophyta. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. Accessed 2020-02-06.
- Chlorophyta – Taxon details on AlgaeBase.
Vernacular names
[edit]беларуская: Зялёныя водарасці
Deutsch: Grünalgen
English: Green algae
español: Algas Verdes
eesti: Rohevetiktaimed
français: Algues Vertes, Chlorophytes
magyar: Valódi zöldmoszatok
íslenska: Grænþörungar
italiano: Alghe Verdi, Clorofite
日本語: 緑藻植物門(緑色植物門)
한국어: 녹조식물문
Lëtzebuergesch: Gréngalgen
lietuvių: Žaliadumbliai
македонски: Зелени алги
Nederlands: Groenwieren
norsk: grønnalger
polski: Zielenice
português: Algas Verdes, Clorófita
română: Alge verzi
русский: Зелёные водоросли
svenska: grönalger
ไทย: สาหร่ายสีเขียว
Türkçe: Yeşil algler
українська: Зелені водорості
中文: 绿藻门
Alternative classifications
[edit]Reichenbach (1828)
[edit]Reichenbach, H. G. L. (1828). Conspectus Regni Vegetabilis, [1]
Regni Vegetabilis
Blackman & Tansley (1902)
[edit]From Blackman, F.E. et Tansley, A.G. (1902). A revision of the classification of the green algae. New Phytology, 1: 17–24, 67-77- 89-96, 114-120, 133-144, 163-168, 189-192, 213-220, 258-264.
Green Algae
- Class Chlorophyceae (Isokontae)
- Series Protococcoideae
- Series Siphoneae
- Series Ulotrichales
- Series Ulvales
- Class Stephanokontae
- Series Oedogoniales
- Class Conjugatae
- Class Heterokontae
- Series Chloromonadales
- Series Confervales
- Series Vaucheriales
- Class Glaucophyceae
Pascher et al. (1913-1936)
[edit]From Die Süsswasser-Flora: Deutschlands, Österreichs und der Schweiz (oder Die Süsswasser-flora Mitteleuropas), [2].
[see Algae]
- Chlorophyceae
- Volvocales = Phytomonadinae [vol. 4, by Pascher, 1927]
- Tetrasporales [vol. 5, by Lemmermann, 1915]
- Protococcales [vol. 5, by Brunnthaler, 1915]
- Ulotrichales [vol. 6, by Heering, 1914]
- Mikrosporales [vol. 6, by Heering, 1914]
- Oedogoniales [vol. 6, by Heering, 1914]
- Siphonocladiales [vol. 7, by Heering, 1921]
- Siphonales [vol. 7, by Heering, 1921]
- Desmidiaceae [vol. 8]
- Zygnemales [vol. 9, by Borge & Pascher, 1913; 2nd ed. by Czurda, 1932]
Pascher (1914)
[edit]Pascher, A. (1914). Über Flagellaten und Algen. Ber. dt. Bot. Ges., 32: 136–160, [3].
- Chlorophyta [p. 158]
- Chlorophyceae
- dikontae-tetrakontae
- Oedogoniales
- Conjugatae
- Chlorophyceae
Pascher (1931)
[edit]- Pascher, A. 1931. Systematische Übersicht über die mit Flagellaten in Zusammenhang stehenden Algenreihen und Versuch einer Einreihung dieser Algenstämme in die Stämme des Pflanzenreiches. Beihefte zum Botanischen Centralblatt. Zweite Abteilung 48: 317–332. Biblioteca Digital. Reference page.
- Chlorophyta [p. 327]
- Charophyta
Smith (1938)
[edit]Cryptogamic Botany, vol. 1, [4].
Division Chlorophyta
- Class 1. Chlorophyceae
- Order 1. Volvocales
- Family 1. Chlamydomonadaceae
- Family 2. Volvocaceae
- Order 2. Tetrasporales
- Order 3. Ulotrichales
- Family 1. Ulotrichaceae
- Family 2. Microsporaceae
- Family 3. Cylindrocapsaceae
- Family 4. Chaetophoraceae
- Family 5. Protococcaceae
- Family 6. Coleochaetaceae
- Family 7. Trentepohliaceae
- Order 4. Ulvales
- Family 1. Ulvaceae
- Family 2 Schizomeridaceae
- Order 5. Schizogoniales
- Family Schizogoniaceae
- Order 6. Cladophorales
- Family 1. Cladophoraceae
- Family 2. Sphaeropleaceae
- Order 7. Oedogoniales
- Family Oedogoniaceae
- Order 8. Zygnematales
- Family 1. Zygnemataceae
- Family 2. Mesotaeniaceae
- Family 3. Desmidiaceae
- Order 9. Chlorococcales
- Family 1. Chlorococcaceae
- Family 2. Endosphaeraceae
- Family 3. Characiaceae
- Family 4. Protosiphonaceae
- Family 5. Hydrodictyaceae
- Family 6. Oöcystaceae
- Family 7. Scenedesmaceae
- Order 10. Siphonales
- Family 1. Bryopsidaceae
- Family 2. Caulerpaceae
- Family 3. Halicystaceae
- Family 4. Codiaceae
- Family 5. Derbesiaceae
- Family 6. Vaucheriaceae
- Family 7. Phyllosiphonaceae
- Order 11. Siphonocladiales
- Family 1. Valoniaceae
- Family 2. Dasycladaceae
- Class 2. Charophyceae
Huber-Pestalozzi's Das Phytoplankton des Süßwassers (1961-1983)
[edit]Huber-Pestalozzi, G. (ed.). Das Phytoplankton des Süßwassers. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, Werke.
[See Algae]
[Theil 5, 1961, von Huber-Pestalozzi:]
- XI. Klasse: Chlorophyceae
- Order Volvocales
- Unterordnung Polyblepharidineae
- Unterordnung Chlamydomonadineae
- Unterordnung Volvocineae
- Ordnung Tetrasporales
- Ordnung Chlorococcales (= Protococcales)
- Ordnung Ulotrichales
- Ordnung Siphonales
- Ordnung Siphonocladiales
- Ordnung Conjugales (Conjugatae)
- Ordnung Charales (Charophyta)
- Order Volvocales
[Teil 6, 1972, von Fott:]
- Chlorophyta
- 1. Klasse: Chlorophyceae
- Ordnung Volvocales [Band 5, 1961, von Huber-Pestalozzi]
- Ordnung Tetrasporales [Band 6, 1972, von Fott]
- Ordnung Chlorococcales [Band 7.1, 1983, von Komarek und Fott]
- Ordnung Ulotrichales [Band 7.2, not published]
- Ordnung Siphonales
- Ordnung Siphonocladales
- 2. Klasse: Conjugatophyceae [Band 8.1, 1982, von Förster]
- Ordnung Mesotaeniales
- Ordnung Zygnematales
- Ordnung Desmidiales
- 3. Klasse: Charophyceae
- Ordnung Charales
- 1. Klasse: Chlorophyceae
Christensen (1962)
[edit]- Christensen, T. 1962. Alger. In: Böcher, T.W., Lange, M. & Sørensen, T. (eds.) Botanik. Bind II. Systematisk botanik. Nr. 2. pp. [1]–178. København: I kommission hos Munksgaard. Reference page.
"Alger"
Round (1963)
[edit]Round, F.E. (1963). The taxonomy of the Chlorophyta. British Phycological Bulletin, 2 (4): 224–235. [5].
Bourrelly (1966-1970)
[edit]Bourrelly, P. Les algues d'eau douce. Initiation à la systématique. Éditions Boubée.
- Tome I. Les algues vertes, 1966, [6]. Réimpressions revues et augmentées, 1972, 1990. Compléments, 1988, [7].
- Tome II. Les algues jaunes et brunes. Chrysophycées, Phéophycées, Xanthophycées et Diatomées, 1968, [8]. Réimpression revue et augmentée, 1981.
- Tome III. Les algues bleues et rouges. Les Eugléniens, Péridiniens et Cryptomonadines, 1970, [9]. Réimpression revue et augmentée, 1985, [10].
[Tome I:]
- Chlorophytes (= Chlorophycophytes)
- Class 1. Euchlorophycées
- Order 1. Volvocales
- Suborder 1. Pyramimonadinées
- Suborder 2. Volvocinées
- Suborder 3. Pédinomonadinées
- Order 2. Tétrasporales
- Order 3. Chlorococcales
- Order 1. Volvocales
- Class 2. Ulotrichophycées
- Order 4. Ulotrichales
- Order 5. Ulvales
- Order 6. Chaetophorales
- Order 7. Trentépohliales
- Order 8. Oedogoniales
- Order 9. Sphaeropléales
- Order 10. Siphonocladales
- Order 11. Siphonales
- Order 12. Dichotomosiphonales
- Class 3. Zygophycées
- Order 13. Zygnémales
- Class 4. Charophycées
- Order 14. Charales
- Class 1. Euchlorophycées
[Tome III:]
- Chlorophytes
- Prasinophycées
- Pyramimonadales (= Prasinovolvocales Chadefaud)
- Pédinomonadales
- Halosphaerales (= Prasinococcales Chadefaud)
- Prasinocladales
- Chlorophycées
- Zygophycées
- Charophycées
- Prasinophycées
Fott (1971)
[edit]Fott, B. (1971). Algenkunde. 2nd ed. VEB Fischer, Jena, 581 pp., [11], [12].
Chlorophyta
- Class Chlorophyceae
- Order Volvocales
- Order Tetrasporales
- Order Chlorococcales
- Order Ulotrichales
- Suborder Chlorosarcineae
- Suborder Ulotrichineae
- Suborder Oedogoniineae
- Suborder Chaetophorineae
- Order Siphonocladales
- Order Bryopsidales
- Class Conjugatophyceae (Conjugatae)
- Class Charophyceae
Round (1971)
[edit]Round, F.E. (1971). "The taxonomy of the Chlorophyta, 2". Brit. phycol. J. 6 (2): 235–264, [13].
- "green algae"
- Euglenophyta
- Prasinophyta
- Charophyta
- Chlorophyta
Pickett-Heaps (1975)
[edit]Pickett-Heaps, J.D. (1975). Green Algae. Structure, Reproduction and Evolution in Selected Genera. Sinauer Assoc., Stamford, CT; 606 pages.
green algae
Stewart & Mattox (1975)
[edit]Stewart, K. D. & Mattox, K. R. (1975). Comparative cytology, evolution and classification of the green algae with some consideration of the origin of other organisms with chlorophylls A and B, [14].
“Green algae”
Stewart & Mattox (1978)
[edit]Stewart, K. D. & Mattox, K. R. (1978). Structural evolution in the flagellated cells of green algae and land plants. BioSystems 10 (1–2): 145–152.
Chlorophyta
A. Pascher's Süßwasserflora von Mitteleuropa (1978-)
[edit]From Süßwasserflora von Mitteleuropa (or Freshwater Flora of Central Europe), 2nd ed., Adolf Pascher. Some volumes not published.
[See Algae]
- Chlorophyta
- "Phytomonadina" [Bd. 9, 1983, von Ettl]
- Chlamydophyceae [p.p.] [Bd. 10, 1988, von Ettl & Gartner]
- Chlorophyceae [p.p.]
- Gloeodendrales [Bd. 10, 1988, von Ettl & Gartner]
- Chlorellales [Bd. 11]
- Protosiphonales [Bd. 11]
- Stichococcales [Bd. 12]
- Microsporales [Bd. 12]
- Chaetophorales [Bd. 13]
- Trentepohliales [Bd. 13]
- Chlorosphaerales [Bd. 13]
- Codiolophyceae [Bd. 12]
- Oedogoniophyceae [Bd. 14, 1985, von Mrozinska]
- Bryopsidophyceae [Bd. 15]
- Conjugatophyceae
- Zygnemales [Bd. 16, 1984, von Kadlubowska]
- Mesotaeniaceae and Desmidiales [Bd. 17]
- Charophyceae [Bd. 18, 1997, von Krause]
Ettl (1981)
[edit]Ettl, H. (1981). Die neue Klasse Chlamydophyceae, eine natürliche Gruppe der Grünalgen (Chlorophyta). Pl. Syst. Evol. 137, 107–126, [15].
- Chlamydophyceae
- Chlorophyceae
- Dunaliellales
- Chlorellales
- Protosiphonales
- certain filamentous orders
- Prasinophyceae
- Codiolophyceae
- Oedogoniophyceae
- Bryopsidophyceae
- Zygnemaphyceae
Mattox & Stewart (1984)
[edit]Mattox, K. R. & Stewart, K. D. 1984. Classification of the green algae: a concept based on comparative cytology. Pp. 29‐72, In Irvine, D. E. G. & John, D. M. (eds.), The systematics of Green Algae. The Systematics Association, Special Vol. 27, Academic Press, London.
- Chlorophyta
- Micromonadophyceae Mattox & Stewart [similar to Prasinophyceae; Tetraselmidiales transferred to Pleurastrophyceae]
- Charophyceae Rabenhorst
- Ulvophyceae Mattox & Stewart
- Pleurastrophyceae Mattox & Stewart
- Chlorophyceae Wille in Warming
Bold & Wynne (1985)
[edit]Bold, H.C. & Wynne, M.J. (1985). Introduction to the algae: structure and reproduction (2nd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, [16].
- Chlorophyta, Chlorophyceae (16 orders)
- Charophyta, Charophyceae (1 order)
van den Hoek, Stam & Olsen (1988)
[edit]van den Hoek, C., Stam, W.T., and Olsen, J.L. (1988). The emergence of a new chlorophytan system, and Dr. Kornmann’s contribution thereto. Helgoländer Meeresuntersuchungen, 42: 339–383, [17].
Chlorophyta
- Class Prasinophyceae
- Class Chlamydophyceae
- Class Ulvophyceae (orders Codiolales, Ulvales, Cladophorales, Bryopsidales, Dasycladales)
- Class Pteurastrophyceae (?)
- Class Chlorophyceae s.s. (orders Cylindrocapsales, Oedogoniales, Chaetophorales)
- Class Zygnematophyceae
- Class Trentepohhophyceae
- Class Charophyceae (orders Klebsormidiales, Coleochaetales, Charales)
Melkonian in Margulis et al. (1990)
[edit]Melkonian, M., 1990. 32. Phylum Chlorophyta: Introduction to the Chlorophyta. In: Margulis, L., J.O. Corliss, M. Melkonian, D.J. Chapman (ed.). Handbook of Protoctista. Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Boston, p. 597-599. See Brands, S.J. (1989-2015), [18].
Kingdom Protoctista
- Section IV: Phyla with flagellated stages and complex sexual cycles
- Phylum 32. Chlorophyta
- Class Prasinophyceae
- Class Chlorophyceae
- Class Ulvophyceae
- Class Charophyceae
- Chlorophyte orders of uncertain affinities
- Order Pedinomonadales
- Order Microthamniales
- Order Prasiolales
- Order Trentepohliales
- Phylum 32. Chlorophyta
van den Hoek, Stam & Olsen (1992)
[edit]van den Hoek, C., Stam, W.T. & Olsen, J.L. (1992). The Chlorophyta: Systematics and phylogeny. In: Stabenau, H. (Ed.), Phylogenetic Changes in Peroxisomes of Algae: Phylogeny of Plant Peroxisomes. pp. 330-368. University of Oldenburg, Germany, [19].
Chlorophyta
- Class Prasinophyceae
- Class Chlorophyceae
- Class Ulvophyceae
- Class Cladophorophyceae
- Class Bryopsidophyceae
- Class Dasycladophyceae
- Class Trentepohliophyceae
- Class Pleurastrophyceae
- Class Klebsormidiophyceae
- Class Zygnematophyceae
- Class Charophyceae
van den Hoek, Mann and Jahns (1995)
[edit]van den Hoek, C., Mann, D. G., & Jahns, H. M. (1995): Algae. An Introduction to Phycology. 1st ed. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, [20].
Chlorophyta
- Class Prasinophyceae (orders Mamiellales, Pseudocourfeldiales, Pyramimonadales, Chlorodendrales)
- Class Chlorophyceae (orders Volvocales [including the Tetrasporales], Chlorococcales, Chaetophorales, Oedogoniales)
- Class Ulvophyceae (orders Codiolales, Ulvales)
- Class Cladophorophyceae (order Cladophorales)
- Class Bryopsidophyceae (orders Bryopsidales, Halimedales)
- Class Dasycladophyceae (order Dasycladales)
- Class Trentepohliophyceae (order Trentepohliales)
- Class Pleurastrophyceae (orders Pleurastrales
- Incertae sedis (order Prasiolales)
- Class Klebsormidiophyceae (orders Klebsormidiales, Coleochaetales)
- Class Zygnematophyceae (order Zygnematales, Desmidiales)
- Class Charophyceae (order Charales)
[In a note added in proof, an alternative classification is presented for the class Chlorophyceae:]
- Class Chlamydophyceae (orders Volvocales, Chlorococcales, Chaetophorales)
- Class Oedogoniophyceae (order Oedogoniales)
- Class Chlorophyceae (order Chlorellales)
Reviers (2002-2003)
[edit]Reviers, B. de (2002-2003). Biologie et phylogénie des algues. Tome 1, 352 p. Tome 2, 255 p. Paris: Belin.
[Note: (*) indicates divisions and classes classified as “algae” at a given time; some non-algal groups not listed]
- Regnum Plantae (or Primoplastobiota)
- Subregnum Glaucobionta
- Divisio, phylum Glaucophyta (or Glaucocystophyta) (*)
- Subregnum Rhodobionta
- Divisio, phylum Rhodophyta (*)
- Subregnum Viridiplantae (or Chlorobionta)
- Branch of Chlorophyta (*)
- Classis “Prasinophyceae” (paraphyletic) (*)
- Classis Pedinophyceae (*)
- Classis “Ulvophyceae” lato sensu (paraphyletic) (*)
- Classis Chlorophyceae stricto sensu (*)
- Classis Trebouxiophyceae (*)
- Branch of Streptophyta
- “Streptophycophytes” (paraphyletic)
- Classis Mesostigmatophyceae (*)
- Classis Zygnematophyceae (*)
- Classis Chlorokybophyceae (*)
- Classis Klebsormidiophyceae (*)
- Classis Coleochaetophyceae (*)
- Classis Charophyceae (*)
- Embryophyta (extant classes)
- “Streptophycophytes” (paraphyletic)
- Branch of Chlorophyta (*)
- Subregnum Glaucobionta
Lewis & McCourt (2004)
[edit]- Lewis, L.A. & McCourt, R.M. 2004. Green algae and the origin of land plants. American Journal of Botany 91(10): 1535–1556. DOI: 10.3732/ajb.91.10.1535 Reference page.
- Division Chlorophyta (green algae sensu stricto)
- Subdivision Chlorophytina
- Class Chlorophyceae (chlorophytes)
- Order Chlamydomonadales (+ some Chlorococcales + some Tetrasporales + some Chlorosarcinales)
- Order Sphaeropleales (sensu Deason, plus Bracteacoccus, Schroederia, Scenedesmaceae, Selanastraceae)
- Order Oedogoniales
- Order Chaetopeltidales
- Order Chaetophorales
- Incertae Sedis (Cylindrocapsa clade, Mychonastes clade)
- Class Ulvophyceae (ulvophytes)
- Order Ulotrichales
- Order Ulvales
- Order Siphoncladales/Cladophorales
- Order Caulerpales
- Order Dasycladales
- Class Trebouxiophyceae (trebouxiophytes)
- Order Trebouxiales
- Order Microthamniales
- Order Prasiolales
- Order Chlorellales
- Class Prasinophyceae (prasinophytes)
- Order Pyramimonadales
- Order Mamiellales
- Order Pseudoscourfieldiales
- Order Chlorodendrales
- Incertae sedis (Unnamed clade of coccoid taxa)
- Class Chlorophyceae (chlorophytes)
- Subdivision Chlorophytina
- Division Charophyta (charophyte algae and embryophytes)
- Class Mesostigmatophyceae (mesostigmatophytes)
- Class Chlorokybophyceae (chlorokybophytes)
- Class Klebsormidiophyceae (klebsormidiophytes)
- Class Zygnemophyceae (conjugates)
- Order Zygnematales (filamentous conjugates and saccoderm desmids)
- Order Desmidiales (placoderm desmids)
- Class Coleochaetophyceae (coleochaetophytes)
- Order Coleochaetales
- Subdivision Streptophytina
- Class Charophyceae (reverts to use of GM Smith)
- Order Charales (charophytes sensu stricto)
- Class Embryophyceae (embryophytes)
- Class Charophyceae (reverts to use of GM Smith)
Pombert et al. (2005)
[edit]Pombert, J.-F. et al. (2005). The Chloroplast Genome Sequence of the Green Alga... Mol. Biol. Evol. 22(9) 1903–1918, [21].
Chlorophyta
- Class Prasinophyceae T. A. Chr. ex Ø. Moestrup & J. Throndsen
- Class Chlorophyceae Wille
- Class Trebouxiophyceae T. Friedl
- Class Ulvophyceae K. R. Mattox & K. D. Stewart
Adl et al. (2012)
[edit]- Adl, S.M., Simpson, A.G.B., Lane, C.E., Lukeš, J., Bass, D., Bowser, S.S., Brown, M.W., Burki, F., Dunthorn, M., Hampl, V., Heiss, A., Hoppenrath, M., Lara, E., Le Gall, L., Lynn, D.H., McManus, H., Mitchell, E.A.D., Mozley-Stanridge, S.E., Parfrey, L.W., Pawlowski, J., Rueckert, S., Shadwick, L., Schoch, C.L., Smirnow, A. & Spiegel, F.W. 2012. The revised classification of eukaryotes. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 59(5): 429–514. DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2012.00644.x . [Erratum: 60(3): 321. DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12033 .] Reference page.
- Archaeplastida Adl et al. 2005
- Glaucophyta Skuja 1954 (Glaucocystophyta Kies & Kremer 1986)
- Rhodophyceae Thuret 1855, emend. Rabenhorst 1863 (Rhodophyta Wettstein 1901, Rhodoplantae Saunders & Hommersand 2004) emend. Adl et al. 2005
- Chloroplastida Adl et al. 2005 (Viridiplantae Cavalier-Smith 1981)
- Chlorophyta Pascher 1914, emend. Lewis & McCourt 2004
- Ulvophyceae Mattox and Stewart 1984 (P)
- Trebouxiophyceae Friedl 1995 (Pleurastrophyceae Mattox et al. 1984, Microthamniales Melkonian 1990)
- Chlorophyceae Christensen 1994
- Incertae sedis Chlorophyceae: Carteria, Cylindrocapsa, Hafniomonas, Mychanastes, Treubaria, Trochiscia
- Pedinophyceae Moestrup 1991, emend. Fawley, Zechman & Buchheim in Adl et al. 2012
- Nephroselmis Stein 1878 (Nephroselmidophyceae Cavalier-Smith 1993, emend. Yamaguchi 2011)
- Mamiellophyceae Marin & Melkonian 2010
- Prasinophytae Cavalier-Smith 1998, emend. Lewis & McCourt 2004 (Micromonadophyceae Mattox & Stewart 1984) (P)
- Chlorodendrophyceae Fritsch 1917
- Palmophyllales Zechman et al. 2010
- Charophyta Migula 1897, emend. Karol et al. 2009 (Charophyceae Smith 1938, Mattox & Stewart 1984)
- Chlorokybus Geitler 1942 (Chlorokybophyceae Lewis & McCourt 2004) (M)
- Mesostigma Lauterborn 1894 (Mesostigmatophyceae Marin & Melkonian 1999, emend. Lewis & McCourt 2004; Mesostigmata Turmel et al. 2002) (M)
- Klebsormidiophyceae van den Hoek et al. 1995
- Phragmoplastophyta Lecointre & Guyander 2006
- Zygnematophyceae van den Hoek et al. 1995, emend. Hall et al. 2009
- Coleochaetophyceae Jeffrey 1982
- Streptophyta Jeffrey 1967
- Charophyceae Smith 1938, emend. Karol et al. 2009 (Charales Lindley 1836; Charophytae Engler 1887)
- Embryophyta Engler 1886, emend. Lewis & McCourt 2004 (Cormophyta Endlicher 1836; Plantae Haeckel 1866)
- Chlorophyta Pascher 1914, emend. Lewis & McCourt 2004
[Notes: M, monotypic group with only one described species; P, paraphyletic group; R, ribogroup assembled from phylogenetic studies.]
Leliaert et al. (2012)
[edit]- Leliaert, F., Smith, D.R., Moreau, H., Herron, M.D., Verbruggen, H., Delwiche, C.F. & De Clerck, O. 2012. Phylogeny and molecular evolution of the green algae. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences 31(1): 1–46. DOI: 10.1080/07352689.2011.615705 PDF Reference page.
- Viridiplantae
- Chlorophyta
- core chlorophytes
- prasinophytes (paraphyletic)
- Streptophyta
- Chlorophyta
Ruggiero et al. (2015)
[edit]- Ruggiero, M.A., Gordon, D.P., Orrell, T.M., Bailly, N., Bourgoin, T., Brusca, R.C., Cavalier-Smith, T., Guiry, M.D. & Kirk, P.M. 2015. A Higher Level Classification of All Living Organisms. PLoS ONE 10(4): e0119248 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119248 . [Correction in 10(6): e0130114 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130114 .] Reference page.
- Superkingdom Eukaryota
- Kingdom Plantae [= Archaeplastida]
- Subkingdom Biliphyta
- Phylum Glaucophyta
- Class Glaucophyceae
- Order Glaucocystales
- Class Glaucophyceae
- Phylum Rhodophyta
- Phylum Glaucophyta
- Subkingdom Viridiplantae
- Infrakingdom Chlorophyta
- Phylum Chlorophyta
- Subphylum Chlorophytina
- Class Chlorodendrophyceae
- Order Chlorodendrales
- Class Chlorophyceae
- Order N.N. (e.g., Chlorangiopsidaceae)
- Order Chaetopeltidales
- Order Chaetophorales
- Order Chlamydomonadales [= Volvocales]
- Order Oedogoniales
- Order Sphaeropleales
- Class Pedinophyceae
- Order Marsupiomonadales
- Order Pedinomonadales
- Order Scourfieldiales
- Class Trebouxiophyceae
- Order Chlorellales
- Order Microthamniales
- Order Phyllosiphonales
- Order Prasiolales
- Order Trebouxiales
- Class Ulvophyceae
- Order Bryopsidales
- Order Cladophorales
- Order Dasycladales
- Order Oltmansiellopsidales
- Order Scotinosphaerales
- Order Trentepohliales
- Order Ulotrichales
- Order Ulvales
- Class Chlorodendrophyceae
- Subphylum Prasinophytina
- Class Mamiellophyceae
- Order Dolichomastigales
- Order Mamiellales
- Order Monomastigales
- Class Nephrophyceae [= Nephroselmidophyceae]
- Order Nephroselmidales
- Class Pyramimonadophyceae
- Order Palmophyllales
- Order Prasinococcales
- Order Pseudoscourfieldiales
- Order Pyramimonadales
- Class Mamiellophyceae
- Subphylum Chlorophytina
- Phylum Chlorophyta
- Infrakingdom Streptophyta
- Superphylum Charophyta
- Phylum Charophyta
- Class Charophyceae
- Order Charales
- Class Chlorokybophyceae
- Order Chlorokybales
- Class Coleochaetophyceae
- Order Chaetosphaeridiales
- Order Coleochaetales
- Class Conjugatophyceae [= Zygnematophyceae]
- Order Desmidiales
- Order Zygnematales
- Class Klebsormidiophyceae
- Order Klebsormidiales
- Class Mesostigmatophyceae
- Order Mesostigmatales
- Class Charophyceae
- Phylum Charophyta
- Superphylum Embryophyta
- Phylum Anthocerotophyta
- Phylum Bryophyta
- Phylum Marchantiophyta
- Phylum Tracheophyta
- Superphylum Charophyta
- Infrakingdom Chlorophyta
- Subkingdom Biliphyta
- Kingdom Plantae [= Archaeplastida]