Myxozoa

Actinomyxon

Taxonavigation

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Amorphea
Cladus: Obazoa
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Cladus: Filozoa
Cladus: Choanozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: ParaHoxozoa
Phylum: Cnidaria
Subphylum: Myxozoa
Classes: Malacosporea - Myxosporea

Name

Myxozoa Grassé, 1970

See also

• Myxosporidia

Classifications

Burmeister (1830)

Burmeister H. 1830. Lehrbuch der Naturgeschichte. Halle, Anton & Gelbcke: 1–594, [1], [2].

Regnum Thiere [p. 283]

• I. Subregnum Myxozoa
  • 1. Classis Protozoa
  • 2. Classis Corallina
  • 3. Classis Medusina

Levine et al. (1980)

From N. D. Levine; J. O. Corliss; F. E. G. Cox; G. Deroux; J. Grain; B. M. Honigberg; G. F. Leedale; A. R. Loeblich, III; J. Lom; D. Lynn; E. G. Merinfeld; F. C. Page; G. Poljansky; V. Sprague; J. Vavra; and F. G. Wallace (1980). A newly revised classification of the Protozoa. J. Protozool., 27:37–58, [3].

Subkingdom Protozoa

• Phylum Myxozoa
  • Class Myxosporea
  • Class Actinosporea

Parker et al. (1982)

Parker, S. P. (ed.). 1982. Synopsis and classification of living organisms. 2 vols. McGraw-Hill, New York, [4], [5]. See Brands (1989-2005), [6]

Superkingdom Eukaryotae

• Kingdom Plantae
• Kingdom Protista (Haeckel,1866)
• Kingdom Animalia 1758
  • Subkingdom Protozoa (Goldfuss, 1818)
    • Phylum Sarcomastigophora (Honigberg & Balamuth, 1963)
    • Phylum Labyrinthulata
    • Phylum Apicomplexa Levine, 1970
    • Phylum Microspora Sprague, 1977
    • Phylum Myxozoa Grassé, 1970
    • Phylum Ascetospora
    • Phylum Ciliophora Doflein, 1901

Lom in Margulis et al. (1990)

Lom, J., 1990. 4. Phylum Myxozoa: 36–52. In: Margulis, L., J.O. Corliss, M. Melkonian, D.J. Chapman (ed.). Handbook of Protoctista. Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Boston, p. 36-52. See Brands, S.J. (1989-2015), [7].

Kingdom Protoctista

• Section I: Phyla without flagellated stages and without complex sexual cycles
  • Phylum 4. Myxozoa
    • Class Myxosporea
    • Class Actinosporea

Cavalier-Smith (1993)

From Kingdom Protozoa and its 18 phyla, [8].

Empire Eukaryota

• Superkingdom 2. Metakaryota
  • Kingdom 1. Protozoa
    • Subkingdom 2. Dictyozoa Cavalier-Smith, 1991
      • Branch 2. Bikonta new branch
        • Infrakingdom 2. Neozoa Cavalier-Smith, 1983
          • Parvkingdom 6. Myxozoa Grassé, 1970 stat. nov. emend.
            • Phylum 1. Myxosporidia Butschli, 1881 stat. nov. Grasse, 1970
              • Pseudoclass 1. Myxosporea Bütschli, 1881 stat. nov.
              • Pseudoclass 2. Actinomyxea Štolc, 1899 stat. nov. (syn. Actinosporea Noble, 1980)
            • Phylum 2. Haplosporidia Caullery & Mesnil, 1899 stat. nov. Corliss, 1984
              • Class 1. Haplosporea Chatton, 1911 stat. nov. Desportes and Nashed, 1983
            • Phylum 3. Paramyxia Chatton, 1911 stat. nov.
              • Class 1. Paramyxea Chatton, 1911, stat. nov. emend. Desportes, 1981 (orders Paramyxida Chatton, 1911; Marteiliida Desportes & Ginsburger-Vogel, 1977)

Cavalier-Smith (1998)

A revised six-kingdom system of life, [9].

Empire or Superkingdom 1. Prokaryota

Empire or Superkingdom 2. Eukaryota

• Kingdom 1. Protozoa Goldfuss 1818 stat. nov. Owen 1858 em. [almost certainly paraphyletic]
• Kingdom 2. Animalia Linnaeus 1758 em. Cavalier-Smith 1995 (= Metazoa Haeckel 1874)
  • Subkingdom 1. Radiata Linnaeus 1758 em. stat. nov. Cavalier-Smith 1983 [almost certainly paraphyletic]
  • Subkingdom 2. Myxozoa Grassé 1970 stat. nov. Cavalier-Smith 1996
    • Phylum Myxosporidia Bütschli 1881 stat. nov. Grassé 1970
  • Subkingdom 3. Bilateria Hatschek 1888 stat. nov. Cavalier-Smith 1983 [probably paraphyletic]

Kent et al., in Lee at al. (2000)

Kent, M.L., Moser, M., Marques, A. & Lom, J. 2000. Phylum Myxozoa. In: Lee, J.J., Leedale, G.F. & Bradbury, P. An Illustrated Guide to the Protozoa. Society of Protozoologists/Allen Press: Lawrence, Kansas, U.S.A, 2nd ed., vol. 1, p. 127-148, [10]. See Brands, S.J. (1989-2015), [11].

In "protozoa", "related to multicellular groups"

• Phylum Myxozoa Grassé, 1970
  • Class Myxosporea Bütschli, 1881
    • Order Bivalvulida Shulman, 1959
      • Suborder Sphaeromyxina Lom & Noble, 1984
        • Family Sphaeromyxidae Lom & Noble, 1984
          • Genus Sphaeromyxa Thélohan, 1892
      • Suborder Variisporina Lom & Noble, 1984
        • Family Myxidiidae Thélohan, 1892
          • Genus Myxidium Bütschli, 1882
          • Genus Zschokkella Auerbach, 1910
          • Genus Coccomyxa Léger & Hesse, 1907
        • Family Fabesporidae Naidenova & Zaika, 1969
          • Genus Fabespora Naidenova & Zaika, 1969
        • Family Ortholineidae Lom & Noble, 1984
          • Genus Ortholinea Shulman, 1962
          • Genus Neomyxobolus Chen & Hsieh, 1960
          • Genus Triangula Chen & Hsieh, 1984
          • Genus Paramyxoproteus Wierzbicka, 1986
        • Family Sinuolineidae Shulman, 1959
          • Genus Sinuolinea Davis, 1917
          • Genus Davisia Laird, 1953
          • Genus Myxoproteus Doflein, 1898
          • Genus Bipteria Kovaljova et al., 1983
          • Genus Shulmania Kovalyova, Zubschenko & Krasin, 1983
          • Genus Neobipteria Kovalyova, Gaevskaya & Krasin, 1986
          • Genus Noblea Kovalyova, 1989
        • Family Ceratomyxidae Doflein, 1899
          • Genus Ceratomyxa Thélohan, 1892
          • Genus Leptotheca Thélohan, 1895
          • Genus Meglitschia Kovaleva, 1988
        • Family Sphaerosporidae Davis, 1917
          • Genus Sphaerospora Thélohan, 1892
          • Genus Polysporoplasma Sitjà-Bobadilla & Alvarez-Pellitero, 1995
          • Genus Wardia Kudo, 1919
          • Genus Hoferellus Berg, 1898
          • Genus Palliatus Shulman, Kovalyova & Dubina, 1979
          • Genus Myxobilatus Davis, 1944
        • Family Chloromyxidae Thélohan, 1892
          • Genus Chloromyxum Mingazzini, 1890
          • Genus Caudomyxum Bauer, 1948
          • Genus Agarella Dunkerly, 1915
        • Family Auerbachiidae Evdokimova, 1973
          • Genus Auerbachia Meglitsch, 1968
          • Genus Globospora Lom, Noble & Laird, 1975
        • Family Alatasporidae Shulman, Kovalyova & Dubina, 1979 [error, see Alatosporidae]
          • Genus Alatospora Shulman, Kovalyova & Dubina, 1979
          • Genus Pseudoalatospora Kovalyova & Gaevskaya, 1983
        • Family Parvicapsulidae Shulman, 1953
          • Genus Parvicapsula Shulman, 1953
          • Genus Neoparvicapsula Gaevskaya, Kovalyova & Shulman, 1982
      • Suborder Platysporina Kudo, 1919
    • Order Multivalvulida Shulman, 1959
      • Family Trilosporidae Shulman, 1959
        • Genus Trilospora Noble, 1939
        • Genus Unicapsula Davis, 1924
      • Family Tetractinomyxidae Poche, 1913
        • Genus Tetractinomyxon Ikeda, 1912
      • Family Kudoidae Meglitsch, 1960
        • Genus Kudoa Meglitsch, 1947
      • Family Pentacapsulidae Naidenova & Zaika, 1970
        • Genus Pentacapsula Naidenova & Zaika, 1970
      • Family Hexacapsulidae Shulman, 1959
        • Genus Hexacapsula Arai & Matsumoto, 1953
      • Family Septemcapsulidae Hsieh & Chen, 1984
        • Genus Septemcapsula Hsieh & Chen, 1984
  • ?Genus Neohenneguya Tripathi, 1953
  • ?Genus Tetracapsula Canning et al., 1996

Lom & Dykova (2006)

Lom, J.; Dykova, I. 2006: Myxozoan genera: definition and notes on taxonomy, life-cycle terminology and pathogenic species. Folia parasitologica, 53(1): 1–36, [12].

Phylum Myxozoa Grassé, 1970

• Class Malacosporea Canning, Curry, Feist, Longshaw et Okamura, 2000
  • Order Malacovalvulida Canning, Curry, Feist, Longshaw et Okamura, 2000
• Class Myxosporea Bütschli, 1881
  • Order Bivalvulida Shulman, 1959
  • Order Multivalvulida Shulman, 1959

Alimov et al. (2007)

Alimov, A. F. ed. (А. Ф. Алимов). 2007. Protista 2: Handbook on zoology. (Протисты 2: руководство по зоологии). St. Petersburg: Nauka, 2007, 1141 pp. (in Russian, with English summaries), [13].

Protists

• Phylum Myxozoa Grassé, 1970
  • Class Myxosporea Bütschli, 1881
    • Order Bivalvulida Schulman, 1959
    • Order Multivalvulida Schulman, 1959
    • Order Malacovalvulida Canning et al., 2000

Ruggiero et al. (2015)

Ruggiero, M.A., Gordon, D.P., Orrell, T.M., Bailly, N., Bourgoin, T., Brusca, R.C., Cavalier-Smith, T., Guiry, M. D. & Kirk, P. M. (2015). A Higher Level Classification of All Living Organisms. PLoS ONE 10(4): e0119248, [14].

• Superkingdom Eukaryota
  • Kingdom Animalia
    • Subkingdom N.N.
      • Phylum Cnidaria
        • Subphylum Anthozoa
        • Subphylum Medusozoa
        • Subphylum Myxozoa
          • Class Malacosporea
            • Order Malacovalvulida
          • Class Myxosporea
            • Order Bivalvulida
            • Order Multivalvulida
      • Phylum Ctenophora
      • Phylum Placozoa
      • Phylum Porifera
    • Subkingdom Bilateria

References

• Evans, N.M., Holder, M.T., Barbeitos, M.S., Okamura, B. & Cartwright, P. 2010. The Phylogenetic Position of Myxozoa: Exploring Conflicting Signals in Phylogenomic and Ribosomal Datasets. Molecular Biology and Evolution 27(12): 2733–2746. DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msq159
• Jiménez-Guri, E., Philippe, H., Okamura, B. & Holland, P.W.H. 2007. Buddenbrockia is a cnidarian worm. Science 317(5834): 116–118. DOI: 10.1126/science.1142024 .
• Kent, M.L., Andree, K.B., Bartholomew, J.L., El-Matbouli, M., Desser, S.S., Devlin, R.H., Feist, S.W., Hedrick, R.P., Hoffmann, R.W., Khattra, J., Hallett, S.L., Lester, R.J.G., Longshaw, M., Palenzeula, O., Siddall, M.E., Xiao, C. 2001. Recent advances in our knowledge of the Myxozoa. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 48(4): 395–413. DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2001.tb00173.x .
• Lopes, D.A., Corrêa-Gomes, D. & Knoff, M. 2017. Type material of Acanthocephala, Nematoda and other non-helminths phyla (Cnidaria, Annelida, and Arthropoda) housed in the Helminthological Collection of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute/ FIOCRUZ (CHIOC), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 1979 to 2016. ZooKeys 711: 1—52. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.711.14753. Reference page. 
• Monteiro, A.S., Okamura, B. & Holland, P.W.H. 2002. Orphan worm finds a home: Buddenbrockia is a myxozoan. Molecular Biology and Evolution 19(6): 968–971. DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a004155.
• Morris, D.J. & Adams, A. 2007. Sacculogenesis of Buddenbrockia plumatellae (Myxozoa) within the invertebrate host Plumatella repens (Bryozoa) with comments on the evolutionary relationships of the Myxozoa. International Journal for Parasitology 37(10): 1163–1171. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2007.03.001 .
• Okamura, B., Curry, A., Wood, T.S. & Canning, E.U. 2002. Ultrastructure of Buddenbrockia identifies it as a myxozoan and verifies the bilaterian origin of the Myxozoa. Parasitology 124(2): 215–223. DOI: 10.1017/s0031182001001184 .
• Xiao, C. & Desser, S.S. 2000. Cladistic analysis of myxozoan species with known alternating life-cycles. Systematic Parasitology 46: 81–91. DOI: 10.1023/A:1006323207759 .
• Zrzavý, J. 2001. The interrelationships of metazoan parasites: a review of phylum- and higher-level hypotheses from recent morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses. Folia Parasitologica 48(2): 81–103. DOI: 10.14411/fp.2001.013 .

Links

• Catalogue of Life: 2012 Annual Checklist
• Fiala, Ivan 2008. Myxozoa. Version 10 July 2008 (under construction) in The Tree of Life Web Project
• WoRMS (2010). Myxozoa. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species on 2010-10-16

Vernacular names

• English: myxozoans
• 日本語: ミクソゾア
• polski: myksosporidiowce
• português: Mixozoários

For more multimedia, look at Myxozoa on Wikimedia Commons.