Animalia (classifications)
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Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Regnum: Animalia
Classifications
[edit]Ray (1693)
[edit]Ray J.A.G. 1693. Synopsis methodica animalium quadrupedum et serpentini generis. Londini: Smith & Walford, 336 p., [1].
Animalia Tabula generalis [p. 53]
- Animalia sunt vel
- Sanguinea, éaque vel
- Pulmone respirantia, corde ventriculis praedito,
- Duobus
- Vivipara
- Aquatica; Cetaceum genus
- Terrestria, Quadrupedia, vel ut Manati etiam complectamur, pilosa. Animalia hujus generis amphibia terrestribus annumeramus.
- Ovipara Aves
- Vivipara
- Unico, Quadrupedia vivipara [Note 1] & Serpentes
- Duobus
- Branchiis respirantia, Pisces sanguinei praeter Cetaceos omnes.
- Pulmone respirantia, corde ventriculis praedito,
- Exanguia.
- Majora, quae vel
- Mollia, ...
- Crustacea, ...
- Testacea, ...
- Minora, Insecta
- Majora, quae vel
- Sanguinea, éaque vel
[Note 1: according to Gregory (1910), apparently this is a typographical error for "ovipara”]
Animalium Viviparorum Quadrupedum Tabula [p. 60-61]
- Animalia Vivipara pilosa seu Quadrupeda sunt, vel
- Ungulata, eáque vel
- Μονόχηλα, i. e. Solidipeda, Equus, Asinus, Zebra.
- Δίχηλα, i. e. Bisulca, seu ungulâ bifidâ, quae vel
- Ruminantia, Μηρυχάζοντα, cornibus
- Perpetuis, quorum tria sunt genera
- 1. Bovinum.
- 2. Ovinum.
- 3. Caprinum.
- Deciduis, Cervinum genus.
- Perpetuis, quorum tria sunt genera
- Non ruminantia, Genus Porcinum.
- Ruminantia, Μηρυχάζοντα, cornibus
- Τετράχηλα seu Quadrisulca, Rhinoceros, Hippopotamus, etc.
- Unguiculata, quae pede sunt vel
- Bifido, duobus duntaxat unguibus donato, Camelinum genus
- Multifido, πολυσχιδῆ, quae vel sunt
- Digitis indivisis, sibi invicem cohaerentibus & communi cute tectis, eorum tantùm extremis in margine pedis extantibus, & unguibus obtusis munitis; Elephas.
- Digitis aliquodque separatis & à se invicem divisis, quae vel
- Πλατυώνυχα & ’ Ανθρωπόμορφα [Platyonycha & Anthropomorpha], Simiae.
- Unguibus angustioribus, Dentibus primoribus seu incisoribus in utraque maxilla, vel
- Pluribus, Haec autem omnia vel carnivora & rapacia sunt, vel saltem insectivora, aut victu promiscuo ex Insectis & Vegetabilibus.
- Majora, rostro
- Brevi, capite rotundiore, Felinum genus.
- Productiore, genus Caninum.
- Minora, corpore longo gracili, cruribus brevibus, Vermineum genus, seu Mustelinum.
- Majora, rostro
- Binis insignioribus, cujus generis species omnes phytivorae sunt, Leporinum genus.
- Pluribus, Haec autem omnia vel carnivora & rapacia sunt, vel saltem insectivora, aut victu promiscuo ex Insectis & Vegetabilibus.
- Ungulata, eáque vel
Linnaeus (1735)
[edit]Systema Naturae, 1st edition, 1735, [2], [3].
Regnum Animale
- Quadrupedia
- Aves
- Amphibia
- Pisces
- Insecta
- Vermes
- Paradoxa
Hill (1752)
[edit]Animals
- Animalcules
- Insects
- Amphibious
- Shell-fish
- Fishes
- Birds
- Quadrupeds
Brisson (1756, 1762)
[edit]Regnum animale in classes IX distributum, sive Synopsis methodica. 8vo. Lugduni Batavorum, 1st ed., 1756, [6], 2nd ed., 1762, [7].
Regnum animale
- Classis I. Quadrupeda
- Classis II. Cetacea
- Classis III. Aves
- Classis IV. Reptilia
- Classis V. Pisces Cartilaginei
- Classis VI. Pisces proprie dicti
- Classis VII. Crustacea
- Classis VIII. Insecta
- Classis IX. Vermes
Linnaeus (1758)
[edit]Systema Naturae, 10th ed., vol. 1, [8], [9]. See Brands, S.J. (1989-2015), [10].
Regnum Animale
- Classis I. Mammalia
- Quadrupedia
- Ordo I. Primates
- Ordo II. Bruta
- Ordo III. Ferae
- Ordo IV. Bestiae
- Ordo V. Glires
- Ordo VI. Pecora
- Ordo VII. Belluae
- Pinnata
- Ordo VIII. Cete
- Quadrupedia
- Classis II. Aves
- Ordo I. Accipitres
- Ordo II. Picae
- Ordo III. Anseres
- Ordo IV. Grallae
- Ordo V. Gallinae
- Ordo VI. Passeres
- Classis III. Amphibia
- Ordo I. Reptiles
- Ordo II. Serpentes
- Ordo III. Nantes
- Classis IV. Pisces
- Ordo I. Apodes
- Ordo II. Jugulares
- Ordo III. Thoracici
- Ordo IV. Abdominales
- Ordo V. Branchiostegi
- Classis V. Insecta
- Ordo I. Coleoptera
- Ordo II. Hemiptera
- Ordo III. Lepidoptera
- Ordo IV. Neuroptera
- Ordo V. Hymenoptera
- Ordo VI. Diptera
- Ordo VII. Aptera
- Classis VI. Vermes
- Ordo I. Intestina
- Ordo II. Mollusca
- Ordo III. Testacea
- Ordo IV. Lithophyta
- Ordo V. Zoophyta
Müller (1776)
[edit]Zoologiae Danicae prodromus, [11], [12].
Animalia
- I. Mammalia
- II. Aves
- III. Amphibia
- IV. Pisces
- V. Insecta
- VI. Vermes
- 1. Infusoria
- 2. Helminthica
- 3. Mollusca
- 4. Testacea
- 5. Cellulana
Scopoli (1777)
[edit]Introductio ad historiam naturalem sistens genera lapidum, plantarum, et animalium. Pragae, 8vo, [13].
Hinc Animalia in hos Ordines distributa [p. 370]
- Sanguine frigido
- Mollusca
- Insecta
- Pisces
- Amphibia
- Sanguine cálido
- Aves
- Mammalia
Tabula synoptica regni animalis [p. 372]
- Tribus I. Infusoria
- Tribus II. Helmintica
- Tribus III. Testacea
- Tribus IV. Lucifuga
- Tribus V. Gymnoptera
- Tribus VI. Lepidoptera
- Tribus VII. Proboscidea
- Tribus VIII. Coleoptera
- Tribus IX. Pisces
- Tribus X. Amphibia
- Tribus XI. Aves
- Tribus XII. Mammalia
Blumenbach (1779)
[edit]Handbuch der Naturgeschichte, 1st ed., vol. 1, [14].
- Classis Mammalia [p. 57]
- Inermis
- Pitheci
- Bradypoda
- Sclerodermata
- Chiroptera
- Glires
- Ferae
- Solidungula
- Bisulca
- Belluae
- Palmata
- Cetacea
- Classis Aves [p. 181]
- Accipitres
- Levirostres
- Pici
- Anseres
- Struthiones
- Grallae
- Gallinae
- Coraces
- Passares
- Classis Amphibia [p. 255]
- Reptiles
- Serpentes
- Nantes
- Classis Pisces [p. 288]
- Apodes
- Jugulares
- Thoracici
- Abdominales
- Classis Insecta [p. 323]
- Coleoptera
- Hemiptera
- Lepidoptera
- Neuroptera
- Hymenoptera
- Diptera
- Aptera
- Classis Vermes [p. 407]
- Mollusca
- Testacea
- Cartillaginea
- Corallia
- Zoophyta
Batsch (1788-1789)
[edit]Batsch, J. G. C. Versuch einer Anleitung, zur Kenntniss und Geschichte der Thiere und Mineralien, [15]. Erster Theil: Allgemeine Geschichte der Natur; besondre der Säugthiere, Vögel, Amphibien und Fische, 1788. Zweyter Theil. Besondre Geschichte der Insekten, Gewürme und Mineralien, 1789. Jena: Akademische Buchhandlung.
Thiere [p. 81-89]
- Knochenthiere, Ossea
- I. Cl. Säugthiere, Mammalia
- II. Cl. Vögel, Aves
- III. Cl. Amphibien, Amphibia
- IV. Cl. Fische, Pisces
- Schaalentiere, Crustacea
- V. Cl. Insekten, Insecta
- Unvollkommenen thiere
- VI. Cl. Würmer, Vermes
Blumenbach (1791)
[edit]Handbuch der Naturgeschechte, 4th ed., [16].
- Classis Mammalia [p. 38]
- Classis Aves
- Classis Amphibia
- Classis Pisces
- Classis Insecta
- Classis Vermes
Cuvier (1798)
[edit]Tableau élémentaire de l'histoire naturelle des animaux, [17]. See Gregory (1910).
- L'homme [p. 23]
- Mammiferes [p. 81]
- Quadrumanes (Singes, Makis)
- Carnassiers
- Cheiroptères (Chauve-Souris, Galéopithèques)
- Plantigrades (Hérissons, Musaraignes, Taupes, Ours [Ursus, Blaireaux, Coati, etc.])
- Carnivores (Martes, Chats, Chiens [Canis, "Canis hyaena", C. crocuta], Civettes)
- Pédimanes (Didelphes [Marsupials, including the Kangaroo])
- Rongeurs (Porc-épics, Lièvres, Damans, Cabiais, Castors, Écureuils [including squirrels and Aye-aye], Rats)
- Édentés (Fourmiliers [Myrmecophaga, Echidna, Manis], Orycterope, Tatous, Paresseux)
- Éléphans
- Pachydermes (Cochons, Tapir, Rhinocéros, Hippopotame)
- Ruminans (Chameaux, Chevrotains, Cerfs, Giraffe, Antilopes, Chèvres, Brebis, Boeufs)
- Solipèdes
- Amphibies (Phoques, Morses)
- Cétacés (Dauphins, Cachalots, Baleines, Narval)
- Oiseaux [p. 180]
- Reptiles (Amphibia, Lin.) [p. 280]
- Poissons [p. 303]
- Mollusques [p. 372]
- Insectes [p. 439]
- Vers [p. 624]
- Zoophytes [p. 640]
Cuvier (1800)
[edit]Leçons d'anatomie comparée, 1st ed., vol. 1. Paris, année VIII [1800], [18]. See Gregory (1910).
Tableau general des classes des animaux [foldout, p. 496-497]
- Animaux
- Vertébrés
- Sang chaud : coeur à deux ventricules
- Vivipares : des mammeles (1. Mammifères, Mammalia)
- Ovipares : point des mammeles (2. Oiseaux, Aves)
- Sang froid : coeur à un ventricule
- Des poumons, accompagnés quelquefois des branchies (3. Reptiles, Amphibia)
- Des branchies, sans poumons (4. Poissons, Pisces)
- Sang chaud : coeur à deux ventricules
- Invertébrés
- Des vaisseaux sanguins
- Une moelle épinière simple : point des membres articules (5. Mollusques, Mollusca)
- Une moelle épinière noueuse : point des membres articules (6. Vers, Vermes)
- Une moelle épinière noueuse : des membres articules (7. Crustacés, Crustacea)
- Point des vaisseaux sanguins
- Une moelle épinière noueuse : des membres articules (8. Insectes, Insecta)
- Point de moelle épinière simple : point des membres articules (9. Zoophytes, Zoophyta)
- Des vaisseaux sanguins
- Vertébrés
Lamarck (1801)
[edit]Lamarck, J. B. (1801). Systême des animaux sans vertèbres, ou tableau général des classes, des ordres et des genres de ces animaux. Paris: Chez l’auteur, [19], [20].
- Animaux à vetèrbres
- Mammaux
- Oiseaux
- Reptiles
- Poissons
- Animaux sans vetèrbres
- Mollusques
- Crustacés
- Arachnides
- Insectes
- Vers
- Radiaires
- Polypes
Latreille (1804)
[edit]Latreielle, P.A. (1804). Tableaux méthodiques d’histoire naturelle. In: Nouveau Dictionnaire à Histoire Naturelle, 1st ed., vol. xxiv, [21].
- Animaux [p. lxxvii]
- Animaux à vetèrbres
- Mammaux
- Oiseaux
- Reptiles
- Poissons
- Animaux sans vetèrbres
- Mollusques
- Annelides
- Crustacés
- Insectes
- Vers
- Zoophytes
- Animaux à vetèrbres
Duméril (1806)
[edit]Zoologie analytique ou méthode naturelle de classification des animaux. Paris, 8vo, [22].
Animaux
- Mammifères
- Oiseaux
- Reptiles
- Poissons
- Mollusques
- Crustacés
- Insectes
- Vers
- Zoophytes
Cuvier (1812)
[edit]Cuvier, G. (1812). Sur un nouveau rapprochement à établir entre les classes qui composent le règne animal. Annales du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle 19: 73–84, [23].
- Animalia vertebrosa
- Animalia mollusca
- Animalia articullata
- Animalia zoophyta s. radiata
Fischer (1813-1814)
[edit]Fischer G. 1813–1814. Zoognosia. Tabulis synopticis illustrata, 3 vols . Mosquae [Moscow]: Typis Nicolai S. Vsevolozsky [24].
Animalia
- 1. Mammalia
- 2. Aves
- 3. Reptilia
- 4. Pisces
- 5. Mollusca
- 6. Annulata
- 7. Crustacea
- 8. Arachnoida
- 9. Insecta
- 10. Enthelmintha
- 11. Radiata
- 12. Polypi
- 13. Amorphota
Lamarck (1815-1822)
[edit]Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres, [25]. See Agassiz (1857), [26]
- Animaux sans vetèrbres [p. 381]
- Animaux apathiques
- Infusoires
- Polypes
- Radiaires
- Vers (Epizoaires)
- Animaux sensibles
- Insectes
- Arachnides
- Crustacés
- Arachnides
- Cirrhipèdes
- Mollusques
- Animaux apathiques
- Animaux à vetèrbres
- Animaux intelligens
- Poissons
- Reptiles
- Oiseaux
- Mammifères
- Animaux intelligens
Rafinesque (1815)
[edit]Analyse de la nature ou Tableau de l'univers et des corps organisés, [27]. See Kluge (2004-2015), [28].
- Empire minéral ou inorganique [p. 22]
- Empire vital [p. 34] ou organique [p. 21] ou somobial [p. 37]
- Règne animal ou Zoonia [p. 39]
- 1. Subregnum Zostolia
- 2. Subregnum Anostia
- 3. Subregnum Zopsia
- Règne végétal ou Phytonia [p. 41]
- Règne animal ou Zoonia [p. 39]
de Blainville (1816)
[edit]Prodrome d'une nouvelle distribution systematique du règne animale. Bull. de la Soc. philom. pour l'année 1816, p. 105-124. Journ. de phys., t. 83, p. 244-267, [29], [30].
Regnum Animaux
- Subregnum I. Pairs = Artiomorphes
- Typus I. Vertèbrés = Ostéozoaires
- Subtypus I. Vivipares = Mastozoaires
- Classis I. Pilifères = Mammifères
- subtypus II. Ovipares pourvus = Amastozoaires
- Classis II. Pennifères = Oiseaux
- Classis III. Squammifères = Reptiles
- Classis IV. Nudipellifères = Amphibiens
- Classis V. Branchifères = Poissons
- Subtypus I. Vivipares = Mastozoaires
- Typus II. Invertèbrés = Anostéozoaires
- Subtypus I. Mollusques = Malacozoaires
- Subtypus II. Sub-articulés = Sub-Entomozoaires = Malakentomozoaires = Molluscarticulés
- Classis VIII. Polyplaxiphores = Oscabrions
- Classis IX. Cirrhipodes = Anatifes
- Subtypus III. Articulés à appendices = Entomozoaires
- Classis X. Héxapodes = Insectes
- Classis XI. Octopodes = Arachnides
- Classis XII. Décapodes = Crustacés
- Classis XIII. Hétéropodes = Entomostracés Muller, partim
- Classis XIV. Tetradécapodes
- Classis XV. Myriapodes
- Classis XVI. Sétipodes = Annelides
- Classis XVII. Apodes
- Typus I. Vertèbrés = Ostéozoaires
- Subregnum II. Rayonnés = Actinomorphes
- Subtypus I. Sub-articulés
- Classis XVIII. Annulaires
- Subtypus II. Vrais
- Classis XIX. Echinodermaires
- Classis XX. Arachnodermaires = Méduses
- Classis XXI. Actiniaires
- Classis XXII. Polypiaires
- Classis XXIII. Zoophytaires
- Subtypus I. Sub-articulés
- Subregnum III. Sans forme regulière = Hétéromorphes = Agastrozoaires
- Classis XXIV. Spongiaires
- Classis XXV. Agastraires = Infusoires
Cuvier (1817)
[edit]Le règne animal, 1st ed., 4 vols. (vol. 3 by Latreille), [31], [32], [33].
- Regnum Animalia
- Animalia vertebrata, animaux vertébrés (T.1: p.58)
- Animalia mollusca, animaux mollusques (T.1: p.59)
- Animalia articulata, animaux articulés (T.1: p.60; T.2: 508)
- Classis Annelides Cuvier, 1802; Lamarck, 1812 (T.2: 515)
- Classis Cructacés (T.3:5 - Latreille 1817)
- Classis Arachnides (T.3:73 - Latreille 1817)
- Classis Insectes (T.3:123 - Latreille 1817)
- Animalia radiata, animaux rayonnés (T.1: p.60; T.4)
MacLeay (1819-1821)
[edit]Horae Entomologicae, [34]. See Quinarian classification.
Animalia
- Acrita
- Agastria [or Infusoria], Intestina, Polypi natantes, P. vaginati, P. rudes [p. 213, 318]
- Tunicata
- Mollusca
- Acephala, Brachiopoda, Pteropoda, (***), (***)
- Cephalopoda
- Vertebrata
- Reptilia, Aves, Mammalia, Pisces, Amphibia
- Annelida
- Annulosa
- Ametabola, Mandibulata, Haustellata, Arachnida, Crustacea
- Cirripedia
- Radiata
- Echinida, Stellerida, Medusida, Acalephida, Fistulida
- Zoanthida
Goldfuss (1820)
[edit]Goldfuss G.A. 1820. Handbuch der Zoologie. Abt.1: 1–696; Abt.2: 1–510. Nurnberg, bei Johann Leonard Schrag, [35], [36], [37]
Thiere
- 1. Classis Protozoa
- 2. Classis Enthelmintha
- 3. Classis Annularia
- 4. Classis Radiaria
- 5. Classis Polymeria
- 6. Classis Insecta
- 7. Classis Mollusca
- 8. Classis Pisces
- 9. Classis Reptilia
- 10. Classis Aves
- 11. Classis Mammalia
- Mensch
Oken (1821)
[edit]Esquisse du système d'anatomie, de physiologie et d'histoire naturale. Paris, 1821, [38]. See Gregory (1910).
- Animaux à viscères ou a peau. Viscériers, peaussiers. Sans chair. [p. 47]
- Polypes
- Mollusques
- Insectes
- Animaux à chair. Carniers. Avec chair.
- Poissons
- Reptiles
- Oiseaux
- Animaux à sens. Sensiers.
- Mammifères
de Blainville (1822)
[edit]De l'organisation des animaux, [39]. See Agassiz (1857), [40].
Animaux
- Artiomorpha or Artiozoaria
- Osteozoaria or Vertebrata
- Entomozoria or Articullata
- Malentozoaria
- Malacozoaria or Mollusca
- Actinomorpha or Actinozoaria
- Heteromorpha or Heterozoaria
Latreille (1825)
[edit]Familles naturelles du règne animal, exposés succinctement et dans un ordre analytique, [41].
Animaux [p. 38]
- Vertébrés (ou spini-cérébraux)
- Céphalidiens
- Acéphalés
Von Baer (1828-1837)
[edit]Über Entwickelungsgeschichte der Thiere, 2 vols., [42]. See Agassiz (1857), [43].
Thiere [vol. 1, foldout in pp. 224-225, p. 259]
- Peripheric Type. (Radiata.) Evolutio radiata.
- Massive Type. (Mollusca.) Evolutio contorta.
- Longitudinal Type. (Articulata.) Evolutio gemina.
- Doubly Symmetrical Type. (Vertebrata.) Evolutio bigemina.
Cuvier (1829-1830)
[edit]Le règne animal, 2nd ed., 5 vols. (vols. 4 and 5 by Latreille), [44]. See Agassiz (1857), [45].
- Animalia Vertebrata
- Animalia Mollusca
- Animalia Articulata
- Animalia Radiata
Blumenbach (1830)
[edit]Handbuch der Naturgeschichte, 12th ed., 1830, [46].
- Classis Mammalia [p. 40]
- Classis Aves
- Classis Amphibia
- Classis Pisces
- Classis Insecta
- Classis Vermes
Burmeister (1830)
[edit]Burmeister H. 1830. Lehrbuch der Naturgeschichte. Halle, Anton & Gelbcke: 1–594, [47], [48].
Regnum Thiere [p. 283]
- I. Subregnum Myxozoa
- 1. Classis Protozoa
- 2. Classis Corallina
- 3. Classis Medusina
- II. Subregnum Diazoa
- 4. Classis Aprocta
- 5. Classis Radiata
- 6. Classis Mollusca
- III. Subregnum Arthrozoa
- 7. Classis Annulata
- 8. Classis Malacostraca
- 9. Classis Insecta
- IV. Subregnum Osteozoa
- 10. Classis Pisces
- 11. Classis Amphibia
- 12. Classis Aves
- 13. Classis Mammalia
Oken (1833-1842)
[edit]Allgemeine Naturgeschichte für alle Stände, 14 vols., [49]. See Agassiz (1857), [50].
Animals [Bd. 4, p. 578-580]
- Intestinal animals, or body animals, or touch animals [= Invertebrata]
- Digestive animals [= Radiata]
- Circulative animals [= Mollusca]
- Respirative animals [= Articulata]
- Flesh Animals, or head animals [= Vertebrata]
- Carnal animals proper
- Bone animals [= fishes]
- Muscle animals [= reptiles]
- Nerve animals [= birds]
- Sense animals [= mammals]
- Carnal animals proper
Ehrenberg (1835)
[edit]Ehrenberg, C.G. Die Akalephen des rothen Meeres und der Organismus der Medusen der Ostsee. Abhandlungen der Königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin. 1835. p. 181-260, [51]. See Agassiz (1857), [52].
- Nations [p. 224-225, foldout in p. 260-261]
- Animals
- Vertebrata, or Myeloneura
- Nutrientia
- Cl. Mammalia
- Cl. Aves
- Orphanozoa
- Cl. Amphibia
- Cl. Pisces
- Nutrientia
- Invertebrata, or Ganglioneura
- Sphygmozoa, or Cordata
- Articulata
- Mollusca
- Asphycta, Vasculosa
- Tubulata
- Racemifera, or Radiata
- Sphygmozoa, or Cordata
- Vertebrata, or Myeloneura
Grant (1836)
[edit]Animal kingdom. In: The cyclopaedia of anatomy and physiology. London. Vol. 1: 107–118, [53], [54].
Regnum Animalia
- I. Subregnum Cyclo-neura vel Radiata
- II. Subregnum Diplo-neura vel Articulata
- III. Subregnum Cyclo-gangliata vel Mollusca
- IV. Subregnum Spini-cerebrata vel Vertebrata
Burmeister (1843)
[edit]Geschichte der Schöpfung, 1st ed., 1843, [55]. See Agassiz (1857), [56]
Animals [ver p. 374-437, 377, 418]
- Irregular Animals
- Classis Infusoria
- Regular Animals
- Classis Polypina
- Classis Radiata
- Symmetrical Animals
- Classis Mollusca
- Arthrozoa
- Classis Vermes
- Classis Crustacea
- Classis Arachnodea
- Classis Insecta
- Osteozoa
- Classis Pisces
- Classis Amphibia
- Classis Aves
- Classis Mammalia
Fitzinger (1843)
[edit]Systema Reptilium, [57]. See Agassiz (1857), [58].
Regnum animale [p. 8]
- Evertebrata
- A. Gradus evolutionis systematum physiologicorum vegetativorum
- Gastrozoa (Infusoria, Zoophyta, Acalephae)
- Physiozoa (Vermes, Radiata, Annulata)
- B. Gradus evolutionis systematum physiologicorum animalium
- Dermatozoa (Acephala, Cephalopoda, Mollusca)
- Arthrozoa (Crustacea, Arachnoidea, Insecta
- A. Gradus evolutionis systematum physiologicorum vegetativorum
- Vertebrata
- A. Gradus evolutionis systematum physiologicorum vegetativorum
- Pisces
- Reptilia
- B. Gradus evolutionis systematum physiologicorum animalium
- Aves
- Mammalia
- A. Gradus evolutionis systematum physiologicorum vegetativorum
Van Beneden (1845, 1852)
[edit]Van Beneden, P. -J. (1845). Recherches sur l'anatomie, la physiologie et le développement des Bryozoaires qui habitent la côte d'Ostende, [59].
Van Beneden, P. -J. (1852). Anatomie comparée. Jamar, Belgium. [60]. See Agassiz (1857), [61].
Règne animal [1845, p. 7; 1852, p. 338]
- Vertébrés ou hypocotylédones
- Articulés ou épicotylédones
- Mollusco-Radiaires ou allocotylédones
von Siebold and Stanius (1846-1848)
[edit]von Siebold, C.T. & Stannius, H. (eds.), Lehrbuch der vergleichenden Anatomie. Verlag von Veit & Comp., Berlin, [62].
- Erster Theil (vol. 1), Lehrbuch der vergleichenden Anatomie der Wirbellosen Thiere, C. Th. von Siebold, 1848, 679 pp.
- Zweiter Theil (vol. 2), Lehrbuch der vergleichenden Anatomie der Wirbelthiere, H. Stanius, 1846, 482 pp.
Thiere
- Animalia evertebrata
- Protozoa
- Classis 1. Infusoria
- Classis 2. Rhizopoda
- Zoophyta
- Classis 3. Polypi (Anthozoa, Bryozoa)
- Classis 4. Acalephae
- Classis 5. Echinodermata
- Vermes
- Classis 6. Helminthes
- Classis 7. Turbellarii
- Classis 8. Rotatorii
- Classis 9. Annulatii
- Mollusca
- Classis 10. Acephala (Tunicata, Brachiopoda, Lammellibranchia)
- Classis 11. Cephalophora
- Classis 12. Cephalopoda
- Arthropoda
- Classis 13. Crustacea
- Classis 14. Arachnida
- Classis 15. Insecta
- Protozoa
- Vertebrata
- Fische
- Reptilien
- Vögel
- Säugethiere
Leuckart (1848)
[edit]Ueber die Morphologie und die Verwandtschaftsverhältnisse der wirbellosen thiere, [63]. See Agassiz (1857), [64], Hatschek (1888), [65]
Thiere
- Coelenterata
- Echinodermata
- Vermes
- Arthropoda
- Mollusca
- Vertebrata
Bronn (1850)
[edit]Bronn H.G. 1850. Allgemeine Zoologie. Stuttgart: 1–511, [66], [67].
Regnum Thiere
- I. Subregnum Vertebrata Lk. 1801 = Spondylozoa Eichw. 1829 = Osteozoa Nitzsch = Rückgratthiere Wiegm. = Mieloneura Ehrb.
- II. Subregnum Insecta = Arthrozoa = Articulata = Annulosa
- III. Subregnum Mollusca = Malacozoa = Malacozoaires
- IV. Subregnum Radiata = Actinozoa
- V. Subregnum Ur-Protozoa = Zoophyta
Vogt (1851)
[edit]Zoologische Briefe, [68]. See Agassiz (1857), [69].
- Vertebrata
- Articulata
- Cephalopoda
- Mollusca
- Vermes
- Radiata
- Protozoa
Owen (1855)
[edit]Lectures on the comparative anatomy and physiology of the invertebrate animals, 2nd ed., [70]. See Agassiz (1857), [71].
Kingdom Animalia [p. 16]
- Province Vertebrata
- Province Articulata
- Province Mollusca
Milne-Edwards (1855)
[edit]Cours élémentaire d'histoire naturelle. 7th ed., Paris, 1855, [72]. See Agassiz (1857), [73].
Règne animal
- Animaux vertébrés
- Animaux annelés
- Animaux mollusques
- Zoophytes
Van der Hoeven (1846-1855)
[edit]Handboek der Dierkunde (1846–1855), 2nd ed., 2 vols., [74], [75].
English translation: Handbook of zoology] (1856-1858), [76].
Dieren
- Cl. 1. Infusoria
- Cl. 2. Polypi
- Cl. 3. Acalephae
- Cl. 4. Echinodermata
- Cl. 5. Entozoa
- Cl. 6. Rotatoria
- Cl. 7. Annulata
- Cl. 8. Insecta
- Cl. 9. Arachnoidea
- Cl. 10. Crustacea
- Cl. 11. Tunicata
- Cl. 12. Conchifera
- Cl. 13. Mollusca
- Cl. 14. Pisces
- Cl. 15. Reptilia
- Cl. 16. Aves
- Cl. 17. Mammalia
Bronn et al. (1859-)
[edit]From Die Klassen und Ordnungen des Thier-Reichs, [77].
Kreise des Thier-Reichs [vol. 1 (1st ed.), p. IX]
Thier-Reichs [later volumes]
Gegenbaur (1859)
[edit]Grundzüge der vergleichenden Anatomie, [78].
Thiere
- Protozoa
- Coelenterata
- Echinodermata
- Vermes
- Arthropoda
- Mollusca
- Vertebrata
- Pisces
- Amphibia
- Reptilia
- Aves
- Mammalia
Agassiz (1857)
[edit]Agassiz, L. (1857). Essay on Classification. In: Contributions to the Natural History of the United States. Vol. I. Little, Brown & Co., Boston [79]
Agassiz, L. (1859). An essay on classification. Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans & Roberts & Trübner, 1859, pp. 294-299, [80].
- Radiata (Polypi, Acalephae, Echinoderms)
- Mollusks (Acephala, Gasteropoda, Cephalopoda)
- Articulata (Worms, Crustacea, Insects)
- Vertebrata
- Myzontes
- Fishes
- Ganoids
- Selachians
- Amphibians
- Reptiles
- Birds
- Mammalia
Haeckel (1866, I)
[edit]Generelle morphologie der organismen, Bd. 1, pp. 206-220.
- Thierreich, Animalia
- Protistenreich, Protista
- Pflanzenreich, Plantae
- Phycophyta (Algae pro parte)
- Characeae
- Nematophyta (Fungi et Lichenes)
- Cormophyta (Phanerogamae omnes et Cryptogamae exclusis Nematophytis, Characeis et Phycophytis)
Haeckel (1866, II)
[edit]Generelle morphologie der organismen, Bd. 2. =See also plate 1, "Monophyletischer Stammbaum der Organismen", [81].
- Protistenreich, Protista
- 1. Moneres
- 2. Protoplasta
- 3. Diatomeae
- 4. Flagellata
- 5. Myxomycetes
- 6. Noctilucae
- 7. Rhizopoda
- 8. Spongiae
- Pflanzenreich, Plantae
- 1. Archephyta
- 2. Florideae
- 3. Fucoideae
- 4. Characeae
- 5. Inophyta
- 6. Cormophyta
- Thierreich, Animalia
Haeckel (1868)
[edit]Haeckel, E. 1868. Natürliche Schöpfungsgeschichte. 1st ed. Reimer, Berlin, [82]. See Dayrat (2003), [83].
- "Polyphyletisher Stammbaum der Organismen" [p. 347]
- Plantae
- “Protista” [polyphyletic]
- Labyrinthuleae
- Myxomycetes
- Diatomeae
- Monera Neutra
- Protoplasta
- Rhizopoda
- Flagellata
- Animalia
- "Polyphyletisher Stammbaum des Pflanzenreichs" [p. 382]
- Fucoideae
- Florideae
- Archephyceae
- Archephyta [paraphyletic] + Chlorophyceae [polyphyletic] + Cormophyta
- Lichenes
- Fungi
- "Polyphyletisher Stammbaum des Thierreichs" [p. 392]
- Acephalae
- Spongiae
- Colelminthes
- Acineta
- Archezoa [paraphyletic] + Infusoria
- Ciliata
- Platyelminthes
- Himatega
- Nematelminthes
- "Einstämmiger oder Monophyletisher Stammbaum der Organismen" [plate I, [84]]
- Pflanzenreich, Plantae
- Florideae
- Fucoideae
- Chloralgae + Muscinae + Filicinae + Gymnospermae + Angiospermae
- Lichenes
- Fungi
- Protistenreich, Protista
- Diatomea
- Labyrinthulae
- Myxomycetes
- Monera neutra + Rhizopoda
- Noctilucae
- Flagellata
- Protoplasta
- Thierreich, Animalia
- Coelenterata
- Scolecida
- Vermes (Scolecida + Colelminthes + Himatega) +Arthropoda + Vertebrata + Mollusca
- Pflanzenreich, Plantae
Haeckel (1874a)
[edit]Haeckel E (1874). Die Gastrea-Theorie, die phylogenetische Classification des Tierreiches und die Homologie der Keimblatter. Jenaische Zeitschrift fur Naturwissenschaft, 8, 1–55, [85]. See See Kluge (2004-2014), [86].
[P. 32:]
1. Ablasteria | Protozoa | Protozoa | Protozoa |
2. Diblasteria | Gastraeada | Zoophyta | Metazoa |
Spongiae | |||
3. Triblasteria | Acalephae | ||
4. Tetrablasteria | Acoelomi | Vermes | |
5. Pentablasteria | Coelomati | ||
Mollusca | Typozoa | ||
Echinoderma | |||
Arthropoda | |||
Vertebrata |
[P. 33:]
- Bilateria = Sphenota
- Vermes I + Vermes II [Sammtlische Würmer]
- Mollusca [Molluscken]
- Echinoderma [Echinotermen]
- Arthropoda [Arthropoden]
- Vertebrata [Vertebraten]
[P. 52:]
- Thierreichs
- Protozoa
- Metazoa [= Blastozoa, p. 19]
- Anaemaria
- Haemataria = Pentablasteria
Haeckel (1874b)
[edit]Anthropogenie, oder Entwickelungs-geschichte des Menschen. 1st ed., 1874, [87]. 2nd unchanged ed., 1874, [88], see pp. 416, 421, 440, 441, 492, 496b.
- Thierreich
- Protozoa
- Zoophyta
- Vermes
- Mollusca
- Echinoderma
- Arthropoda
- Chordonia [p. 441]
- Tunicata
- Vertebrata
- Acrania
- Leptocardia
- Craniota
- Monorhina
- Cyclostoma
- Amphirhina
- Anamnia
- Pisces
- Dipneusta
- Amphibia
- Amniota
- Reptilia
- Aves
- Mammalia
- Monotrema
- Marsupialia
- Placentalia
- Anamnia
- Monorhina
- Acrania
Gegenbaur (1874)
[edit]- Gegenbaur, C. 1874. Grundriss der vergleichenden Anatomie. Leipzig, W. Engelmann. 660 pp. BHL. Reference page.
Thierreiches [p. 408]
- Protozoën
- Cölenteraten (Zoophyten)
- Würmer
- Echinodermen
- Arthropoden
- Mollusken
- Wirbelthiere
- Acrania
- Craniota
- Cyclostomata
- Gnathostomata
Huxley (1875)
[edit]On the classification of the animal kingdom, [89].
Animalia
- I. Protozoa
- i. Monera
- Protamoebidae
- Protomonadidae
- Myxastridae
- Foraminifera
- ii. Endoplastica
- Amoebidae
- Infusoria flagellata
- Infusoria ciliata
- Gregarinidae
- Acinetidae
- Radiolaria
- i. Monera
- II. Metazoa Haeckel
- A. Gastreae
- i. Polystomata
- Porifera = Spongida
- ii. Monostomata
- 1. Archaeostomata
- a. Scolecimorpha
- Rotifera
- Turbellaria
- Trematoda
- Nematoidea
- Hirudinea
- Oligochaeta
- b. Coelenterata
- Hydrozoa
- Actinozoa
- (Ctenophora)
- a. Scolecimorpha
- 2. Deuterostomata
- a. Schizocoela
- Annelida polychaeta
- Gephyrea (?)
- Arthropoda
- b. Enterocoela
- Brachiopoda
- Enteropneusta
- Polyzoa (?)
- Chaetognatha
- Mollusca
- Echinodermata
- c. Epicoela
- Tunicata = Ascidioida
- Vertebrata
- a. Schizocoela
- 1. Archaeostomata
- i. Polystomata
- B. Agastreae (provisionally)
- Cestoidea
- Acanthocephala
- A. Gastreae
Claus (1876)
[edit]Grundzüge der Zoologie, 3rd ed., [90], [91].
Thieres
- I. Typus Protozoa
- II. Typus Coelenterata (= Zoophyta)
- III. Typus Echinodermata
- IV. Typus Vermes
- V. Typus Arthropoda
- VI. Typus Mollusca
- VII. Typus
- I. Classis Tethyodea (= Ascidien)
- II. Classis Thaliacea (= Salpen)
- VIII. Typus Vertebrata
Lankester (1877)
[edit]Notes on the Embryology and classification of the Animal kingdom: comprising a revision of speculations relative to the origin and significance of the germ-layers. Quartely Journal of Microscopical Science (N.S.), No. 68: 399–454, [92], [93].
Animalia
- I. grada Plastidozoa
- Protozoa
- II. grada Enterozoa (:441)
- 1. grada Coelenterata = Diploblastica
- 1. phylum Porifera
- 2. phylum Nematophora
- 2. grada Coelomata = Triploblastica (:441)
- 1. phylum Echinoderma
- 2. phylum Platyelmia
- 3. phylum Appendiculata = Parapoda (:441)
- 4. phylum Gephyraea
- 5. phylum Mollusca = Mesopoda
- 6. phylum Enteropneusta
- 7. phylum Vertebrata
- A. ramus Urochorda
- I. classis Larvalia
- II. classis Saccata
- B. ramus Cephalochorda
- I. classis Leptocardia
- C. ramus Craniata
- A. ramus Urochorda
- 8. phylum Nematoidea
- 9. phylum Chaetognatha
- 1. grada Coelenterata = Diploblastica
Herdman (1885)
[edit]Herdman W.A. 1885. A phylogenetic classification of animals (for the use of students). Macmillan, London; Adam Holden, Liverpool, [94], [95].
Hatschek (1888)
[edit]Hatschek, B. (1888). Lehrbuch der Zoologie, 1. Lieferung, p. 40; Jena: Gustav Fischer, [96]. See Nielsen (2010).
- Protozoa
- Metazoa
- Protaxonia (= Coelenterata)
- Spongia
- Cnidaria
- Ctenophora
- Heteraxonia (= Bilateria)
- Zygoneura
- Ambulacralia [misspelling of Ambulacraria]
- Chordonii
- Protaxonia (= Coelenterata)
Haeckel (1889)
[edit]Haeckel, E. 1889. Natürliche Schöpfungsgeschichte. 8th ed, [97], [98]. See pp. 452, 453, 462, 508.
- Protistenreich
- Protophyta (Protista vegetalia)
- Protozoa (Protista animalia)
- Pflanzenreich
- Thierreich
- Coelenteria (Coelenterata, Zoophyta, Anaemaria)
- Gastraeades
- Spongiae
- Cnidaria
- Platodes
- Coelomaria (Bilaterata, Bilateria, Haemataria)
- Helminthes
- Mollusca
- Echinoderma
- Articulata
- Tunicata
- Vertebrata
- Coelenteria (Coelenterata, Zoophyta, Anaemaria)
Schimkewitsch (1891)
[edit]Schimkewitsch, W. 1891. Versuch einer Klassifikation des Tierreichs. Biol. Zent. Bl. 11: 291–295, [99].
Tierreichs
- Protozoa s. Monozoa
- Metazoa s. Polyzoa
- Radiata
- Bilateria
- Gastroneura
- Acoelomata
- Pseudocoelomata
- Eucoelomata
- Tetraneura s. Malacozoa
- Cycloneura s. Echinozoa
- Notoneura
- Achordata s. Enteropneusta
- Chordata
- Leptocardi
- Tunicata
- Vertebrata
- Gastroneura
Haeckel (1894-1896)
[edit]Systematische phylogenie, 3 vols (vol. 1, Protisten und Pflanzen, 1894; vol. 2, Invertebrata, 1896; vol. 3, Vertebrata, 1895). [100]. See Kluge (2004-2015), [101].
[Vol. 1, p. 90-91:]
- Pflanzen
- Protophyta (Protista plasmodoma)
- Metaphyta (Histones plasmodomi)
- Thieren
- Protozoa (Protista plasmophaga) [Vol. 1, p. 138]
- Archezoa (= Zoarchega)
- Bacteria (= Bactromonera)
- Coccillida
- Bacillida
- Spirillida
- Zoomonera (= Monera s. str.)
- Lobomonera
- Rhizomonera
- Bacteria (= Bactromonera)
- Fungilli (= Sporozoa)
- Rhizopoda
- Infusoria
- Archezoa (= Zoarchega)
- Metazoa (Histones plasmophagi)
- Coelenteria (Acoelomia)
- Gastraeades
- Spongiae
- Cnidaria
- Platodes
- Bilateria (Coelomaria)
- Helminthes
- Mollusca
- Articulata
- Echinoderma
- Tunicata
- Vertebrata
- Coelenteria (Acoelomia)
- Protozoa (Protista plasmophaga) [Vol. 1, p. 138]
[Vol. 2, p. 3-11:]
- Metazoa
- Coelenteria (Coelenterata ss. ampl., Anaemnria, Acoelomia)
- Gastraeades (Prometazoa)
- Spongiae (Porifera)
- Cnidaria (Acephalae)
- Platodes (Plathelminthes)
- Coelomaria (Coelomata, Bilateria ss. str., Bilaterata)
- Vermalia (Helminthes ss. str.)
- Mollusca (Malacozoa)
- Articulata (Arthrozoa)
- Echinoderma (Astromia)
- Chordonia (Chordata)
- Tunicata (Urochorda)
- Vertebrata (Cephalochorda)
- Coelenteria (Coelenterata ss. ampl., Anaemnria, Acoelomia)
[Vol. 3, p. 18:]
- Vertebrata, “Bildungsstufen der paarigen Gliedmaassen”
- Adactylia (Vertebrata impinnata) = Agnathona = Monorhina
- Classe Acrania
- Classe Cyclostoma
- Polydactylia (Vertebrata pinnifera) = Quadrupinna (Ingenicata)
- Classe Pisces
- Classe Dipneusta
- Pentadactylia (Vertebrata pentanomia) = Quadrupeda oder Tetrapoda (Geniculata)
- Classe Amphibia
- Classe Reptilia
- Classe Dracones
- Classe Aves
- Classe Mammalia
- Adactylia (Vertebrata impinnata) = Agnathona = Monorhina
[Vol. 3, p. 18:]
- Vertebrata, “Stufen der Herzbildung”
- Leptocardia
- Classe Acrania
- Ichthyocardia
- Classe Cyclostoma
- Classe Pisces
- Amphicardia
- Classe Dipneusta
- Classe Amphibia
- Classe Reptilia
- Thermocardia
- Classe Dracones
- Classe Aves
- Classe Mammalia
- Leptocardia
[Vol. 3, p. 20-21:]
- Vertebrata
- Hauptgruppe Monorhina (Agnathona)
- Classe Acrania
- Classe Cyclostoma
- Hauptgruppe Anamnia (Ichthyopsida)
- Classe Pisces
- Classe Dipneusta
- Classe Amphibia
- Hauptgruppe Amniota (Allantoidia, Ebranchiata)
- Sauropsida (Monocondylia)
- Classe Reptilia
- Classe Dracones
- Classe Aves
- Classe Mammalia
- Sauropsida (Monocondylia)
- Hauptgruppe Monorhina (Agnathona)
Claus (1897)
[edit]Lehrbuch der Zoölogie, 6th ed., 1897, [102].
Thiere
- Protozoa
- Coelenterata
- Spongiaria (= Poriferi)
- Cnidaria
- Ctenophora
- Echinodermata
- Vermes
- Arthropoda
- Mollusca
- Molluscoidea
- Tunicata
- Vertebrata
Lankester (1900-1909)
[edit]Lankester, E. R. (ed.). A Treatise on Zoology, London, Adam and Charles Black, 9 parts, 1900–09, [103].
- Grade Protozoa [part I]
- Grade Mesozoa [part IV]
- Grade Metazoa
- Phylum Porifera [part II]
- Phylum Coelentera [part II]
- Phylum Echinoderma [part III]
- Phylum Platyhelmia [part IV]
- Phylum Rhynchocoela
- Nemertini [part IV]
- Phylum Mollusca [part V]
- Phylum Appendiculata
- Arthropoda
- Crustacea [part VII]
- Peripatoids, Chilopods, Arachnids, Chilognaths, Hexapod Insects [not published]
- Chaetopoda [not published]
- Rotifera [not published]
- Arthropoda
- Phylum Vertebrata (or Chordata)
- Cephalochordata, Tunicata and Enteropneusta [not published]
- Vertebrata Craniata [part IX]
Goette (1902)
[edit]Goette A. 1902. Lehrbuch der Zoologie. Leipzig, Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann: 1–504, [104], [105].
Thiere
- Monoplastida
- 1. Phylum Protozoa
- Polyplastida
- A. Radiata
- B. Bilateralia [= Bilateria]
- a. Bilateralia hypogastrica
- 4. Phylum Vermes
- 5. Phylum Arthropoda
- 6. Phylum Mollusca
- b. Bilateralia pleurogastrica
- 7. Phylum Vermiformia
- 8. Phylum Echinodermata
- 9. Phylum Chordata
- 1. Subphylum Tunicata
- 2. Subphylum Cephalochordia, Leptocardii
- 3. Subphylum Vertebrata
- a. Bilateralia hypogastrica
Grobben (1908)
[edit]Die systematische Einteilung des Tierreiches, [106], [107].
Tierreiches
- Subregnum Protozoa Haeckel
- Subregnum Metazoa Haeckel
- Divisio Coelenterata Ray Lankester
- Phylum Spongiaria = Porifera
- Phylum Cnidaria
- Phylum Ctenophora
- Divisio Coelomata Ray Lankester = Bilateralia Goette 1902
- Phylum Protostomia Grobben = Zygoneura Hatschek; Gegenbaur = Bilateria hypogastrica Goette 1902
- Cladus Scolecida
- Cladus Annelida
- Cladus Arthropoda
- Cladus Mollusca
- Cladus Molluscoidea = Tentaculata
- Phylum Deuterostomia Grobben = Bilateria pleurogastrica Goette 1902
- Subtypus Ambulacralia
- Subtypus Homalopterygia = Chaetognatha
- Subtypus Chordonia
- Phylum Protostomia Grobben = Zygoneura Hatschek; Gegenbaur = Bilateria hypogastrica Goette 1902
- Divisio Coelenterata Ray Lankester
Brauer (1909-1912)
[edit]Brauer, A. (ed.). 1909-1912. Die Süsswasserfauna Deutschlands, G. Fischer, Jena, 19. vols., [108].
- Mammalia, Aves, Reptilia, Amphibia, Pisces
- Diptera
- Coleoptera
- Trichoptera
- Collembola, Neuroptera, Hymenoptera, Rhynchota
- Ephemerida, Plecoptera, Lepidoptera
- Odonata
- Phylopoda
- Copepoda, Ostracoda, Malacostraca
- Araneae, Acarina und Tardigrada
- Oligochaeta und Hirudinea
- Rotatoria und Gastrotricha
- Nematodes, Mermithidae und Gordiidae
- Acanthocephalen
- Trematodes
- Cestodes
- Mollusca, Nemertini, Bryozoa, Turbellaria, Tricladida, Spongillidae, Hydrozoa
Grobben (1910)
[edit]Grobben, K. (1910). Claus-Grobben: Lehrbuch der Zoologie, 2nd ed.; Marburg (Elvert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung).
Tierreiches
- Protozoa
- Metazoa
- Coelenterata
- Coelomata (= Bilateria)
- Phylum Protostomia (= Zygoneura)
- Phylum Deuterostomia
Hatschek (1911)
[edit]Hatschek, B. 1911. Das neue zoologisches System. W. Engelmann, Leipzig, [109]. See Grobben & Heider (1911), [110].
- Metazoa
- Coelenterata
- Bilateria
- Ecterocoelia
- Enterocoelia
Perrier (1912)
[edit]Cours élémentaire de zoologie, [111].
Règne animal [p. 250]
- Sous-règne I. Protozoaires
- Sous-règne II. Métazoaires
- Phytozoaires
- Artiozoaires
Kükenthal & Krumbach et al. (1923)
[edit]Kükenthal, W. & Krumbach, T. (eds). Handbuch der zoologie. Berlin, 1923, [112]. From Alimov (2000).
- Subkingdom Protozoa
- Subkingdom Metazoa
- Subdivision Parazoa
- Phylum Porifera
- Subdivision Eumetazoa
- Radiata
- Phylum Coelenterata
- Phylum Ctenophora
- Phylum Mesozoa (or Planuloidea)
- Bilateria
- Phylum Vermes
- Subphylum Amera
- Cladus Platodes, including Nemertini (ou Plathelminthes, incl. Nemertinea?)
- Cladus Nemathelmintes (Rotatoria, Gastrotricha, Kinorhyncha, Nematodes, Nematomorpha, Acanthocephala)
- Cladus Kamptozoa (=Bryozoa entoprocta)
- Subphylum Polymera (= Annelida)
- Subphylum Oligomera
- Cladus Tentaculata (Phoronida, Bryozoa [ectoprocta])
- Cladus Brachiopoda
- Cladus Chaetognatha
- Cladus Branchiotremata (Pterobranchia, Enteropneusta)
- Subphylum Amera
- Phylum Echinodermata
- Phylum Mollusca
- Phylum Arthropoda
- Phylum Chordata
- Phylum Vermes
- Radiata
- Subdivision Parazoa
Grobben & Kühn (1932)
[edit]Grobben, K. & Kühn, A. (1932). Lehrbuch der Zoologie, 10th ed., begründer von C. Claus. Berlin: Julius Springer., [113], [114].
Tierreiches
- Protozoa
- Metazoa
- Coelenterata
- Coelomata (= Bilateria)
- Phylum Protostomia (= Zygoneura)
- Phylum Deuterostomia
Cuénot (1940)
[edit]Cuénot, L. 1940. Essai d'arbre généalogique du règne animal. Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences 210: 196–199, [115]. La Revue Scientifique 78: 223–229.
Métazoaires
- Spongiaires
- Cnidaires
- Cténophores
- Coelomates
- Epineuriens
- Échinodermes
- Balanoglosses
- Ptérobranches
- Tuniciers ou Urocordés
- Amphioxus ou Céphalocordés
- Vertébrés
- Hyponeuriens
- Platodes
- Dicyémides-Orthonectides
- Némertes
- Acanthocéphales
- Nématodes-Gastérotriches
- Échinodères-Gordiacés
- Rotifères
- Endoproctes
- Ecyoproctes
- Brachiopodes
- Chétognathes
- Phoronidiens
- Sipunculiens
- Échiuriens
- Priapuliens
- Mollusques
- Annélides
- Tardigrades
- Linguatulides
- Onychophores
- Arthropodes
- Epineuriens
Hyman (1940-1967)
[edit]Hyman, L. H. The invertebrates. New York: McGraw-Hill Book. 6 vols., 1940-1967. See Nielsen (2010).
- Protozoa
- Metazoa
- Mesozoa
- Parazoa
- Porifera, s. spongiaria
- Eumetazoa
- Radiata
- Bilateria
- Acoelomata [artificial group]
- Pseudocoelomata [artificial group]
- Eucoelomata [artificial group]
- Schizocoela [artificial group]
- Enterocoela [artificial group]
Beklemishev (1944, 1950, 1964)
[edit]The basis of the comparative anatomy of the invertebrates [Основы сравнительной анатомии беспозвоночных]. 1st ed., 1944; 2nd ed., 1950; 3rd ed. (2 vols.), 1964. English translation, 1969, [116]. Akademia Nauk, Moscow, Leningrad. From Alimov (2000).
- Protozoa
- Metazoa
- Enantiozoa
- Archaeocyatha
- Enterozoa
- Radiata
- Bilateria
- Protostomia
- Brachiopoda
- Deuterostomia
- Chaetognatha
Grassé et al. (1948-)
[edit]Grassé, P.-P. (ed.). Traité de zoologie, Masson, Paris, [117].
Animalia
- Phylum Protozoa
- Phylum Spongiaria
- Cl. Turbellaria, Temnocephala, Monogenea, Cestodaria, Cestoda, Trematoda
- Phylum Cnidaria
- Phylum Cténaires
- Phylum Plathelmintes (= Platodes)
- Phylum Mesozoa
- Cl. Orthonectida, Dycyemida
- Phylum Acanthocephala
- Phylum Nemertini
- Phylum Nemathelmintes
- Cl. Nematoda, Rotifera, Gastrotricha, Kinorhyncha
- Phylum Annelida
- Cl. Polychaeta, Oligochaeta, Hirudinea, Myzostomida, Sipunculida, Priapulida, Endoprocta, Phoronida, Bryozoa, Brachiopoda
- Phylum Pogonophora
- Phylum Mollusca
- Cl. Aplacophora, Polyplacophora, Monoplacophora, Bivalvia, Gastropoda, Scaphopoda, Cephalopoda
- Animalia incertae sedis
- Phylum Arthropoda
- Subphylum Trilobitomorpha
- Subphylum Chelicerata
- Cl. Merostomata, Arachnida, Pantopoda
- Subphylum Mandibulata
- Cl. Crustacea, Myriapoda, Insecta
- Phylum Echinodermata
- Phylum Stomochordata
- Cl. Enteropneusta, Pterobranchia, Graptolitoidea
- Cordés
- Procordés
- Phylum Tunicata
- Cl. Appendicularia, Thaliacea, Ascidiacea
- Phylum Cephalochordata
- Phylum Tunicata
- Phylum Vertebrata
- Subphylum Agnatha
- Subphylum Gnathostomata
- Superclassis Pisces
- Classis Chondrichthyes
- Classis Osteichthyes
- Classis Amphibia
- Classis Reptilia
- Classis Aves
- Classis Mammalia
- Superclassis Pisces
- Procordés
Barkley (1949)
[edit]Barkley, Fred A. "Un esbozo de clasificación de los organismos." Revista de la Facultad Nacional de Agronomia, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín. 10: 83–103, [118].
Pearse (1949)
[edit]Zoological names. A list of phyla, classes, and orders. [119].
Kingdom Animalia Linnaeus 1758
- Subkingdom Protozoa Goldfus 1817
- Phylum Protozoa Goldfus 1817
- Subphylum Plasmodroma Doflein 1901
- Subphylum Ciliophora Doflein 1901
- Subkingdom Mesozoa van Beneden 1877
- Subkingdom Parazoa Sollas 1884
- Subkingdom Metazoa Haeckel 1877
- Phylum Protozoa Goldfus 1817
Ulrich (1951)
[edit]Ulrich, W. 1951. Vorschläge zu einer Revision der Grosseintheilung ders Tierreches. In: Herre, W. (ed.) Verhandlungen der Deutschen Zoologischen Gesellschaft vom 1. bis 5. August 1950 in Marburg. Zologischer Anzeiger, 15 Supplementband: 244–271, [120].
- Histozoa
- Parazoa
- Mesozoa
- Amoebosporidia
- Eumetazoa
- Coelenterata
- Bilateria (Coelomata)
- Archicoelomata (? Chaetognatha, Tentaculata, Pogonofora, Enteropneusta, Echinoderma)
- Neocoelomata
- Notoneuralia (Chordata: Tunicata, Acrania, Pachycardia)
- Gastroneuralia
- Articulata: Annelida, ? Sipunculoidea, Linguatulida, Onychophora, Tardigrada (Xenusion), Arthropoda, Nemathelminthes, ? Buddenbrockia
- Mollusca
- Platyhelminthes
- Nemertini
- Entoprocta
- ? Priapulida
Piveteau (1952-1969)
[edit]Piveteau, J. (Ed.) (1952-1969). Traité de Paléontologie. Masson & Cie, Paris, 7 tomes en 10 volumes, 8142 p., [121].
- Protistes
- Spongiaires
- Coelentérés
- Bryozoaires
- Brachiopodes
- Chétognathes
- Annélides
- Mollusques
- Onychophores
- Arthropodes
- Echinodermes
- Stomocordés
- Vertébrés
- Agnathes
- Placodermes
- Elasmobranches
- Actinoptérygiens
- Crossoptérygiens
- Dipneustes
- Tétrapodes
- Amphibiens
- Reptiles
- Oiseaux
- Mammifères
Marcus (1958)
[edit]Marcus, E. (1958). On the Evolution of the Animal Phyla. Quarterly Review of Biology 33 (1): 24–58, [122].
- Protozoa
- Archigastrula
- Coelenterata (Radiata)
- Coelomata (Bilateria)
- Chaetognatha
- Deuterostomia
- ?Pogonophora
- Superphylum Coelomopora
- Superphylum Chordata
- Protostomia
Brien (1961, 1963)
[edit]Brien, P. (1961-1963). Éléments de Zoologie et notions d'Anatomie Comparée. 2 vols. Desoer, Liège. From Alimov (2000).
- Protozoa
- Phylum Flagellata
- Phylum Rhizopoda
- Phylum Mycetozoa
- Phylum Sporozoa
- Phylum Infusoria
- Metazoa
- Diploblastica, s. Acoelomata
- Triploblastica, s. Coelomata
- Hyponeura
- Epineura
Grassé et al. (1961)
[edit]Grassé, P.-P., Poisson, R. A., Tuzet, O. (1961-1965). Zoologie. 2 vols. Tome 1: Invertébrés. Tome 2: Vertébrés. Paris, Masson. From Alimov (2000).
- Unicellulaires
- Protozoa
- Pluricellulaires ou Metazoa
- Diploblastica
- Triploblastica
- Acoelomata
- Coelomata
- Deuterostomia Epithelioneura
- Deuterostomia Epineura, s. Chordata
Rothschild (1961)
[edit]A classification of living animals, [123].
- Phylum Protozoa
- Phylum Mesozoa
- Phylum Parazoa
- Phylum Cnidaria
- Phylum Ctenophora
- Phylum Platyhelminthes
- Phylum Nemertina
- Phylum Aschelminthes
- Phylum Acanthocephala
- Phylum Entoprocta
- Phylum Polyzoa
- Phylum Phoronida
- Phylum Brachiopoda
- Phylum Mollusca
- Phylum Sipunculoidea
- Phylum Echiuroidea
- Phylum Annelida
- Phylum Arthropoda
- Phylum Chaetognatha
- Phylum Pogonophora
- Phylum Echinodermata
- Phylum Chordata
Harland et al. (1967)
[edit]Harland, W. B., Holland, C. H. & House, M. R. 1967. The fossil record: a symposium with documentation. London: Geological Society of London, [124].
- Animalia
Whittaker (1969)
[edit]Whittaker, R. H. (1969). New concepts of kingdoms or organisms. Science 163 (3863): 150–160.
- Kingdom Monera
- Kingdom Protista
- Kingdom Plantae
- Kingdom Fungi
- Kingdom Animalia
- Subkingdom Agnotozoa
- Phylum Mesozoa
- Subkingdom Parazoa
- Phylum Porifera
- Phylum Archaeocyatha (extinct)
- Subkingdom Eumetazoa
- Branch Radiata
- Phylum Cnidaria
- Phylum Ctenophora
- Branch Bilateria
- Grade Acoelomata
- Phylum Platyhelminthes
- Phylum Nemertea or Rhynchocoela
- Grade Pseudocoelomata
- Phylum Acanthocephala
- Phylum Aschelminthes
- Phylum Entoprocta or Kamptozoa
- Grade Coelomata
- Subgrade Schizocoela
- Phylum Bryozoa or Ectoprocta
- Phylum Brachiopoda
- Phylum Phoronida
- Phylum Mollusca
- Phylum Sipunculoidea
- Phylum Echiuroidea
- Phylum Annelida
- Phylum Arthropoda (Incl. Tardigrada and Onychophora)
- Subgrade Enterocoela
- Phylum Brachiata or Pogonophora
- Phylum Chaetognatha
- Phylum Hemichordata
- Phylum Echinodermata
- Phylum Chordata
- Subgrade Schizocoela
- Grade Acoelomata
- Branch Radiata
- Subkingdom Agnotozoa
Remane et al. (1976)
[edit]Remane, A., Storch, V., Welsch, U. (1976). Systematische Zoologie, 1st ed. From Alimov (2000).
- Protozoa
- Flagellata, Rhizopoda, Sporozoa, Cnidosporidia, Ciliata
- Metazoa
- Porifera
- Cnidaria
- Ctenophora
- Coelomata
- Protostomia
- Deuterostomia
Ivanov (1975, 1976)
[edit]Иванов А. В. (1975). О происхождении Coelomata. Журнал общей биологии, T. 36, n. 5, p. 643-653. [Ivanov, A.V. (1975). On the origin of Coelomata. Journal of General Biology, T. 36, n. 5, p. 643-653.] From Alimov (2000).
Иванов А. В. (1976). Соотношение между Protostomia и Deuterostomia и система животного мира. Зоологический журнал 55(8): 1125–1137. [Ivanov, A.V. (1976). Relationship between Protostomia and Deuterostomia and a system of animal world. Russian Journal of Zoology 55(8): 1125–1137.] From Alimov (2000).
Animalia
- Protozoa
- Metazoa
- Phagocytellozoa
- Enantiozoa (=Parazoa)
- Eumetazoa (=Enterozoa)
- Radiata
- Bilateria
- Scolecida
- Acoelomata
Whittaker & Margulis (1978)
[edit]Whittaker, R. H. & Margulis, L. (1978). Protist classification and the kingdoms of organisms. Biosystems 10, 3–18.
- Superkingdom Prokaryota
- I. Kingdom Monera
- Superkingdom Eukaryota
- II. Kingdom Protista or Protoctista
- III. Kingdom Fungi
- IV. Kingdom Animalia
- Subkingdom and Form-Superphylum Agnotozoa
- Subkingdom and Form-Superphylum Parazoa
- Phylum Porifera
- Phylum Archaeocyatha, extinct
- Subkingdom Eumetazoa
- Branch Radiata
- Superphylum Coelenterata
- Phylum Cnidaria
- Phylum Ctenophora
- Superphylum Coelenterata
- Branch Bilateria
- Grade Acoelomata
- Superphylum Prothelminthes or Platyhelminthes, s.l.
- (Phylum Mesozoa)
- Phylum Platyhelminthes, s.s.
- Phylum Nemertea or Rhynchocoela
- Phylum Gnathostomulida
- Superphylum Prothelminthes or Platyhelminthes, s.l.
- Grade Pseudocoelomata
- Superphylum Aschelminthes
- Phylum Gastrotricha
- Phylum Rotifera
- Phylum Kinorhyncha
- Phylum Acanthocephala
- Phylum Nematoda
- Phylum Nematomorpha
- (Superphylum and Phylum Entoprocta)
- Superphylum Aschelminthes
- Grade Coelomata
- Subgrade Schizocoela or Proterostoma
- Superphylum Tentaculata
- Phylum Entoprocta or Kamptozoa
- Phylum Bryozoa or Ectoprocta
- Phylum Phoronida
- Phylum Brachiopoda
- Superphylum and Phylum Mollusca
- Superphylum Coelhelminthes or Annelida, s.l.
- Phylum Priapulida
- Phylum Sipuncula
- Phylum Echiurida
- Phylum Annelida, s.s.
- Superphylum Arthropoda, s.l.
- Phylum Onychophora, Peripatus
- Phylum Tardigrada
- Phylum Pentastoma
- Phylum Arthropoda, s.s.
- Superphylum Tentaculata
- Subgrade Entercoela or Deuterostoma
- Superphylum and Phylum Echinodermata
- Superphylum Metahelminthes
- Phylum Pogonophora
- Phylum Chaetognatha
- Phylum Hemichordata or Enteropneusta
- Superphylum and Phylum Chordata
- Subgrade Schizocoela or Proterostoma
- Grade Acoelomata
- Branch Radiata
- V. Kingdom Plantae
[Note: "form-superphyla" or "form-phyla are “frankly polyphyletic groupings”.]
Cavalier-Smith (1981)
[edit]- Cavalier-Smith, T. 1981. Eukaryote kingdoms: seven or nine? Biosystems 14(3–4): 461–481. DOI: 10.1016/0303-2647(81)90050-2. PMID 7337818. Reference page.
Nine eukaryote kingdoms proposal [p. 462]
- Superkingdom Eukaryota
- Kingdom 1. Eufungi
- Kingdom 2. Ciliofungi
- Kingdom 3. Animalia
- Kingdom 4. Biliphyta
- Kingdom 5. Viridiplantae
- Kingdom 6. Euglenozoa
- Kingdom 7. Protozoa
- Kingdom 8. Cryptophyta
- Kingdom 9. Chromophyta
Five eukaryote kingdoms proposal [p. 476-477]
- Superkingdom Eukaryota
- Kingdom 1. Fungi (Ciliofungi + Eufungi)
- Kingdom 2. Chromista (Cryptophyta + Chromophyta)
- Kingdom 3. Plantae (Viridiplantae + Biliphyta)
- Kingdom 4. Protista (Euglenozoa + Protozoa)
- Kingdom 5. Animalia
Seven eukaryote kingdoms proposal [p. 478]
- Superkingdom Eukaryota
- Kingdom Fungi
- Subkingdom Eufungi
- Phylum Hemiascomycota
- Phylum Ustomycota
- Phylum Zygomycota
- Phylum Ascomycota
- Phylum Uredomycota
- Phylum Basidiomycota
- Incertae sedis: Deuteromycetes
- Subkingdom Eufungi
- Subkingdom Ciliofungi
- Phylum Chytridiomycota
- Class Chytridiomycetes (excluding Blastocladiales)
- Phylum Allomycota
- Class Blastocladiales
- Phylum Chytridiomycota
- Kingdom Viridiplantae
- Kingdom Biliphyta
- Kingdom Chromista
- Kingdom Animalia
- Subkingdom Parazoa
- Phylum Parazoa
- Subphylum Porifera
- Subphylum Choanociliata
- Subkidngdom Mesozoa
- Phylum Mesozoa
- Subkingdom Metazoa
- Subkingdom Parazoa
- Kingdom Euglenozoa
- Kingdom Protozoa
- Kingdom Fungi
Parker et al. (1982)
[edit]Parker, S. P. (ed.). 1982. Synopsis and classification of living organisms. 2 vols. McGraw-Hill, New York, [125], [126]. From Brands (1989-2005 ), [127]
Superkingdom Prokaryotae
Superkingdom Eukaryotae
- Kingdom Plantae
- Kingdom Protista (Haeckel, 1866)
- Kingdom Animalia 1758
- Subkingdom Protozoa (Goldfuss, 1818)
- Phylum Sarcomastigophora (Honigberg & Balamuth,1963)
- Phylum Labyrinthulata
- Phylum Apicomplexa Levine, 1970
- Phylum Microspora Sprague, 1977
- Phylum Myxozoa Grassé, 1970
- Phylum Ascetospora
- Phylum Ciliophora Doflein, 1901
- Subkingdom Phagocytellozoa
- Phylum Placozoa Grell, 1971
- Subkingdom Parazoa (Sollas, 1884)
- Phylum Porifera Grant, in Todd, 1836
- Subkingdom Eumetazoa (Butschli, 1910)
- Phylum Cnidaria Hatschek, 1888
- Phylum Ctenophora (Eschscholtz, 1829)
- Phylum Platyhelminthes
- Phylum Nemertea Schultze
- Phylum Gnathostomulida (Ax, 1956) Riedl, 1969
- Phylum Mesozoa (van Beneden, 1877)
- Phylum Gastrotricha Metschnikoff, 1864
- Phylum Rotifera Cuvier, 1798
- Phylum Kinorhyncha (Reinhard, 1887)
- Phylum Nemata Cobb, 1919 (1932)
- Phylum Nematomorpha Vejdovsky,1886
- Phylum Acanthocephala Kohlreuther, 1771
- Phylum Priapulida (Théel, 1906)
- Phylum Mollusca (Linnaeus, 1758) Cuvier, 1795
- Phylum Annelida Lamarck, 1809
- Phylum Pogonophora Johansson, K.E., 1937
- Phylum Echiura Sedgwick, 1898
- Phylum Sipuncula (Raffinesque, 1814) Sedgwick, 1898
- Phylum Arthropoda Latreille, 1829
- Phylum Onychophora
- Phylum Tardigrada (Spallanzani,1777)
- Phylum Lophophorata (Hyman, 1959)
- Phylum Phoronida (Hatschek, 1888)
- Phylum Bryozoa Ehrenberg, 1831
- Phylum Entoprocta (Nitsche, 1869)
- Phylum Brachiopoda (Duméril, 1806)
- Phylum Chaetognatha Leuckart, 1854
- Phylum Echinodermata
- Phylum Hemichordata Bateson, 1885
- Phylum Chordata
- Subphylum Tunicata Cuvier
- Subphylum Cephalochordata
- Subphylum Vertebrata
- Subkingdom Protozoa (Goldfuss, 1818)
[Note: this classification is redundant for some ambiregnal protists. See Taylor et al. (1986), [128].]
Nielsen (1985)
[edit]Nielsen, C. (1985). Animal phylogeny in the light of the trochaea theory. Biol. J. Linn. Soc., 25, 243-99, [129].
Animalia
- phylum Choanoflagellata
- Metazoa
- phylum Porifera
- phylum Placozoa
- Gastraeozoa = Eumetazoa
- phylum Cnidaria
- Trochaeozoa = Bilateria (Gastroneuralia + Protornaeozoa)
- Gastroneuralia = Protostomia (Spiralia + Aschelminthes)
- Spiralia (Articulata + Parenchymia + Bryozoa)
- Articulata
- phylum Annelida sensu lato
- phylum Echiura
- phylum Gnathostomulida
- phylum Onychophora
- phylum Arthropoda sensu lato
- phylum Mollusca
- phylum Sipuncula
- Parenchymia = Acoelomata
- phylum Nemertini
- phylum Platyhelminthes
- Bryozoa
- phylum Entoprocta
- phylum Ectoprocta
- Articulata
- Aschelminthes = Nemathelminthes = Pseudocoelomata
- phylum Rotifera
- phylum Acanthocephala
- phylum Chaetognatha
- phylum Nematoda
- phylum Nematomorpha
- phylum Kinorhyncha
- phylum Loricifera
- phylum Priapulida
- phylum Gastrotricha
- Spiralia (Articulata + Parenchymia + Bryozoa)
- Protornaeozoa
- phylum Ctenophora
- Notoneuralia = Deuterostomia
- Brachiata
- phylum Pterobranchia
- phylum Phoronida
- phylum Brachiopoda
- phylum Echinodermata
- Cyrtotreta
- phylum Enteropneusta
- Chordata
- Phylum Urochordata
- Phylum Cephalochordata
- Phylum Vertebrata
- Brachiata
- Gastroneuralia = Protostomia (Spiralia + Aschelminthes)
Benton (1993)
[edit]Benton, M. J. 1993. The fossil record 2. London: Chapman & Hall, [130].
- Kingdom Monera
- Kingdom Fungi
- Kingdom Algae [artificial]
- Kingdom Animalia
- Kingdom Plantae
Ax (1995)
[edit]Ax, Peter. (1995). Das System der Metazoa I. Ein Lehrbuch der phylogenetischen Systematik. G. Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, Jena. Translation: Multicellular animals: the phylogenetic system of the metazoa. Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur, Mainz, vol. 1, 1996, link; vol. 2, 2000, link; vol. 3., 2003, link.
Cavalier-Smith (1998)
[edit]A revised six-kingdom system of life, [131].
Empire or Superkingdom 1. Prokaryota
Empire or Superkingdom 2. Eukaryota
- Kingdom 1. Protozoa Goldfuss 1818 stat. nov. Owen 1858 em. [almost certainly paraphyletic]
- Kingdom 2. Animalia Linnaeus 1758 em. Cavalier-Smith 1995 (= Metazoa Haeckel 1874)
- Subkingdom 1. Radiata Linnaeus 1758 em. stat. nov. Cavalier-Smith 1983 [almost certainly paraphyletic]
- Infrakingdom 1. Spongiaria De Blainville 1816. [probably paraphyletic]
- Phylum 1. Porifera
- Infrakingdom 2. Coelenterata Leuckart 1847 em. auct. [probably paraphyletic]
- Phylum 1. Cnidaria [Probably paraphyletic]
- Phylum 2. Ctenophora
- Infrakingdom 3. Placozoa infrak. nov
- Phylum 1. Placozoa
- Infrakingdom 1. Spongiaria De Blainville 1816. [probably paraphyletic]
- Subkingdom 2. Myxozoa Grassé 1970 stat. nov. Cavalier-Smith 1996
- Phylum Myxosporidia Bütschli 1881 stat. nov. Grassé 1970
- Subkingdom 3. Bilateria Hatschek 1888 stat. nov. Cavalier-Smith 1983 [probably paraphyletic]
- Branch 1. Protostomia Grobben 1908 [probably paraphyletic]
- Infrakingdom 1. Lophozoa infrak. nov. [probably paraphyletic]
- Superphylum 1. Polyzoa
- Phylum 1. Bryozoa
- Phylum 2. Kamptozoa
- Subphylum 1. Entoprocta
- Subphylum 2. Cycliophora
- Superphylum 2. Conchozoa
- Phylum 1. Mollusca
- Phylum 2. Brachiozoa
- Subphylum 1. Brachiopoda [probably paraphyletic]
- Subphylum 2. Phoronida
- Superphylum 3. Sipuncula
- Phylum 1. Sipuncula
- Superphylum 4. Vermizoa
- Phylum 1. Annelida
- Phylum 2. Nemertina
- Superphylum 1. Polyzoa
- Infrakingdom 2. Chaetognathi Leuckart 1854 stat. nov.
- Phylum 1. Chaetognatha
- Infrakingdom 3. Ecdysozoa infrak. nov.
- Superphylum 1. Haemopoda
- Phylum 1. Lobopoda
- Phylum 2. Arthropoda
- Superphylum 2. Nemathelminthes
- Phylum 1. Nemathelminthes
- Superphylum 1. Haemopoda
- Infrakingdom 4. Platyzoa infraking. nov
- Phylum 1. Acanthognatha
- Phylum 2. Platyhelminthes
- Infrakingdom 1. Lophozoa infrak. nov. [probably paraphyletic]
- Branch 2. Deuterostomia Grobben 1908
- Infrakingdom 1. Coelomopora Marcus 1958 (as superphylum) stat. nov.
- Phylum 1. Echinodermata
- Phylum 2. Hemichordata
- Infrakingdom 2. Chordonia Haeckel 1874 em. Hatschek 1888 stat. nov.
- Phylum 1. Urochorda Lankester 1877
- Phylum 2. Chordata Bateson 1885 em.
- Subphylum 1. Acraniata Bleeker 1859 [probably paraphyletic]
- Subphylum 2. Vertebrata Cuvier 1812 (= Craniota Haeckel, Craniata auct.)
- Infrakingdom 1. Coelomopora Marcus 1958 (as superphylum) stat. nov.
- Branch 1. Protostomia Grobben 1908 [probably paraphyletic]
- Subkingdom 4. Mesozoa subking. nov.
- Phylum Mesozoa van Beneden 1877
- Subkingdom 1. Radiata Linnaeus 1758 em. stat. nov. Cavalier-Smith 1983 [almost certainly paraphyletic]
- Kingdom 3. Fungi Linnaeus 1753 stat. nov. Nees 1817 em.
- Kingdom 4. Plantae Haeckel 1866 em. Cavalier-Smith 1981
- Kingdom 5. Chromista Cavalier-Smith 1981 em.
Brusca & Brusca (2003)
[edit]Invertebrates, 2nd ed., [132].
- Kingdom Animalia (Metazoa)
- Parazoa
- Phylum Porifera
- Mesozoa
- Phylum Placozoa
- Phylum Monoblastozoa
- Phylum Rhombozoa
- Phylum Orthonectida
- Eumetazoa
- Radiata
- Phylum Cnidaria
- Phylum Ctenophora
- Bilateria
- Phylum Platyhelminthes
- Phylum Nemertea
- Phylum Rotifera
- Phylum Gastrotricha
- Phylum Kinorhyncha
- Phylum Nematoda (= Nemata)
- Phylum Nematomorpha
- Phylum Priapula
- Phylum Acanthocephala
- Phylum Entoprocta (= Kamptozoa)
- Phylum Gnathostomulida
- Phylum Loricifera
- Phylum Cycliophora
- Phylum Annelida
- Phylum Sipuncula
- Phylum Echiura
- Phylum Onychophora
- Phylum Tardigrada
- Phylum Arthropoda
- Phylum Mollusca
- Phylum Phoronida
- Phylum Ectoprocta (= Bryozoa)
- Phylum Brachiopoda
- Phylum Echinodermata
- Phylum Chaetognatha
- Phylum Hemichordata
- Phylum Chordata
- Radiata
- Parazoa
Hutchins et al. (2003)
[edit]Hutchins, M. et al. (eds.). Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia, 2nd ed., 17 vols., Farmington Hills, MI: Gale Group, 2003, [133].
Animalia (= Metazoa)
- Phylum Porifera
- Phylum Placozoa
- Phylum Monoblastozoa
- Phylum Rhombozoa
- Phylum Orthonectida
- Phylum Cnidaria
- Phylum Ctenophora
- Phylum Platyhelminthes
- Phylum Nemertea
- Phylum Rotifera
- Phylum Gastrotricha
- Phylum Kinorhyncha
- Phylum Nematoda
- Phylum Nematomorpha
- Phylum Acanthocephala
- Phylum Entoprocta
- Phylum Micrognathozoa
- Phylum Gnathostomulida
- Phylum Priapulida
- Phylum Loricifera
- Phylum Cycliophora
- Phylum Echinodermata
- Phylum Chaetognatha
- Phylum Hemichordata
- Phylum Chordata
- Phylum Annelida
- Phylum Vestimentifera
- Phylum Sipuncula
- Phylum Echiura
- Phylum Onychophora
- Phylum Tardigrada
- Phylum Arthropoda
- Phylum Mollusca
- Phylum Phoronida
- Phylum Ectoprocta
- Phylum Brachiopoda
Margulis & Chapman (2009)
[edit]Kingdoms & Domains, 4th ed.
Superkingdom Prokarya
Superkingdom Eukarya (Eukaryotae)
- Kingdom Protoctista
- Kingdom Fungi
- Kingdom Plantae
- Kingdom Animalia [p. 232]
- Subkingdom Placozoa
- Phylum Placozoa
- Phylum Myxospora (Myxozoa)
- Subkingdom Parazoa
- Phylum Porifera
- Phylum Coelenterata
- Phylum Ctenophora
- Subkingdom Eumetazoa
- Acoelomates
- Phylum Gnathostomulida
- Phylum Platyhelminthes
- Phylum Rhombozoa
- Phylum Orthonectida
- Phylum Nemertina
- Pseudocoelomates
- Phylum Nematoda
- Phylum Nematomorpha
- Phylum Acanthocephala
- Phylum Rotifera
- Phylum Kinorhyncha
- Body cavity not yet characterized
- Phylum Priapulida
- Phylum Gastrotricha
- Phylum Loricifera
- Phylum Entoprocta
- Coelomates
- Protostomes
- Arthopoda
- Phylum Chelicerata
- Phylum Mandibulata
- Hexapoda (Insecta)
- Crustacea
- Myriapoda
- Symphyla
- Pauropoda
- Phylum Annelida
- Phylum Sipuncula
- Phylum Echiura
- Phylum Pogonophora
- Phylum Mollusca
- Phylum Tardigrada
- Phylum Onychophora
- Phylum Chaetognatha
- Arthopoda
- Lophophorates
- Phylum Bryozoa
- Phylum Brachiopoda
- Phylum Phoronida
- Deuterostomes
- Phylum Hemichordata
- Phylum Echinodermata
- Chordata
- Phylum Urochordata
- Phylum Cephalochordata
- Phylum Craniata (Vertebrata)
- Agnatha
- Gnathostomata
- Protostomes
- Acoelomates
- Subkingdom Placozoa
Minelli (2009)
[edit]Minelli, A. 2009. Perspectives in Animal Phylogeny and Evolution. Oxford University Press, Oxford, [134].
Metazoa [p. 35]
Zhang (2011)
[edit]Zhang, Z. Q. (2011). Animal biodiversity: An introduction to higher-level classification and taxonomic richness. Zootaxa, 3148, 7-12, [135].
Kingdom Animalia Linnaeus, 1758
- Phylum 1 Ctenophora Eschscholtz, 1829
- Phylum 2.1 Porifera Grant, 1826
- Phylum 2.2 1 Placozoa Grell, 1971
- Phylum 2.2.2.1 Cnidaria Hatschek, 1888
- Phylum 2.2.2.2 Myxozoa Grassé, 1970
- Phylum 2.2.2.3.1.1 Xenoturbellida Westblad, 1949
- Phylum 2.2.2.3.1.2 Acoelomorpha Ehlers, 1985
- Phylum 2.2.2.3.2.1 Orthonectida Giard, 1877
- Phylum 2.2.2.3.2.2 Rhombozoa van Beneden, 1876
- Phylum 2.2.2.3.3.1.1.1 Cephalochordata Owen, 1846
- Phylum 2.2.2.3.3.1.1.2.1 Tunicata Lamarck, 1816
- Phylum 2.2.2.3.3.1.1.2.2 Craniata Linnaeus, 1758
- Phylum 2.2.2.3.3.1.2 1 Echinodermata
- Phylum 2.2.2.3.3.1.2.2 Hemichordata Bateson, 1885
- Phylum 2.2.2.3.3.2.1 Chaetognatha Leuckart 1854
- Phylum 2.2.2.3.3.2.2.1.1 Nematoda Cobb, 1932
- Phylum 2.2.2.3.3.2.2.1.2 Nematomorpha Vejdovsky, 1886
- Phylum 2.2.2.3.3.2.2.2 Tardigrada Doyère, 1840
- Phylum 2.2.2.3.3.2.2.3.1 Onychophora Grube, 1853
- Phylum 2.2.2.3.3.2.2.3.2 Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848
- Phylum 2.2.2.3.3.2.2.4.1 Priapulida Théel, 1906
- Phylum 2.2.2.3.3.2.2.4.2 Loricifera Kristensen, 1983
- Phylum 2.2.2.3.3.2.2.4.3 Kinorhyncha Reinhard, 1881
- Phylum 2.2.2.3.3.2.3.1.1 Bryozoa Ehrenberg, 1831
- Phylum 2.2.2.3.3.2.3.1.2.1 Entoprocta Nitsche 1869
- Phylum 2.2.2.3.3.2.3.1.2.2 Cycliophora Funch & Kristensen, 1995
- Phylum 2.2.2.3.3.2.3.2.1.1 Annelida Lamarck, 1809
- Phylum 2.2.2.3.3.2.3.2.1.2 Spincula Rafinesque, 1814
- Phylum 2.2.2.3.3.2.3.2.1.3 Echiura Newby, 1940
- Phylum 2.2.2.3.3.2.3.2.2 Mollusca Linnaeus, 1758
- Phylum 2.2.2.3.3.2.3.2.3 Nemertea Schultze, 1851
- Phylum 2.2.2.3.3.2.3.2.4.1 Brachiopoda Duméril, 1806
- Phylum 2.2.2.3.3.2.3.2.4.2 Phoronida Hatschek, 1888
- Phylum 2.2.2.3.3.2.3.3.1 Gastrotricha Metschnikoff, 1864
- Phylum 2.2.2.3.3.2.3.3.2 Platyhelminthes Gegenbaur, 1859
- Phylum 2.2.2.3.3.2.3.3.3.1 Gnathostomulida Riedl, 1969
- Phylum 2.2.2.3.3.2.3.3.3.2 Micrognathozoa Kristensen & Funch, 2000
- Phylum 2.2.2.3.3.2.3.3.3.3.1 Rotifera Cuvier, 1817
- Phylum 2.2.2.3.3.2.3.3.3.3.2 Acanthocephala Koelreuther, 1771
Nielsen (2012)
[edit]Nielsen, C. Animal Evolution: Interrelationships of the Living Phyla. 3rd ed. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2012.
- Choanoflagellata
- Animalia
- Problematica
Ruggiero et al. (2015)
[edit]Ruggiero, M.A., Gordon, D.P., Orrell, T.M., Bailly, N., Bourgoin, T., Brusca, R.C., Cavalier-Smith, T., Guiry, M. D. & Kirk, P. M. (2015). A Higher Level Classification of All Living Organisms. PLoS ONE 10(4): e0119248, [136].
- Superkingdom Eukaryota
- Kingdom Animalia
- Subkingdom N.N.
- Phylum Cnidaria
- Phylum Ctenophora
- Phylum Placozoa
- Phylum Porifera
- Subkingdom Bilateria
- Infrakingdom Protostomia
- Superphylum N.N.
- Phylum Chaetognatha
- Phylum Orthonectida
- Phylum Rhombozoa
- Superphylum Ecdysozoa
- Phylum Arthropoda
- Phylum Loricifera
- Phylum Nematoda
- Phylum Nematomorpha
- Phylum Onychophora
- Phylum Priapula [= Priapulida]
- Phylum Tardigrada
- Superphylum Spiralia [= Lophotrochozoa]
- Phylum Acanthocephala
- Phylum Annelida
- Phylum Brachiopoda
- Phylum Bryozoa
- Phylum Cycliophora
- Phylum Entoprocta
- Phylum Gastrotricha
- Phylum Gnathostomulida
- Phylum Micrognathozoa
- Phylum Mollusca
- Phylum Nemertea
- Phylum Phoronida
- Phylum Platyhelminthes
- Phylum Rotifera
- Phylum Sipuncula
- Superphylum N.N.
- Infrakingdom Deuterostomia
- Phylum Chordata
- Subphylum Cephalochordata
- Subphylum Urochordata
- Subphylum Vertebrata [= Craniata]
- Infraphylum Agnatha
- Infraphylum Gnathostomata
- Superclass Actinopterygii
- Superclass Chondrichthyes
- Superclass Sarcopterygii
- Superclass Tetrapoda
- Class Amphibia
- Class Mammalia
- Class Reptilia
- Subclass Aves
- Subclass Crocodylomorpha
- Subclass Rhynchocephalia
- Subclass Squamata
- Subclass Testudinata
- Phylum Echinodermata
- Phylum Hemichordata
- Phylum Xenacoelomorpha
- Phylum Chordata
- Infrakingdom Protostomia
- Subkingdom N.N.
- Kingdom Animalia
Brusca, Moore & Schuster (2016)
[edit]Brusca, Richard C.; Wendy Moore; Stephen M. Schuster (2016). Invertebrates. 3rd ed. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates, Inc., [137].
- Non-Bilateria (a.k.a. the diploblasts) [paraphyletic group]
- Phylum Porifera
- Phylum Placozoa
- Phylum Cnidaria
- Phylum Ctenophora
- Bilateria (a.k.a. the triploblasts)
- Phylum Xenacoelomorpha
- Protostomia
- Phylum Chaetognatha
- Spiralia
- Phylum Platyhelminthes
- Phylum Gastrotricha
- Phylum Rhombozoa
- Phylum Orthonectida
- Phylum Nemertea
- Phylum Mollusca
- Phylum Annelida
- Phylum Entoprocta
- Phylum Cycliophora
- Gnathifera
- Phylum Gnathostomulida
- Phylum Micrognathozoa
- Phylum Rotifera (including Acanthocephala)
- Lophophorata
- Phylum Phoronida
- Phylum Bryozoa
- Phylum Brachiopoda
- Ecdysozoa
- Nematoida
- Phylum Nematoda
- Phylum Nematomorpha
- Scalidophora
- Phylum Kinorhyncha
- Phylum Priapula
- Phylum Loricifera
- Panarthropoda
- Phylum Tardigrada
- Phylum Onychophora
- Phylum Arthropoda
- Subphylum Crustacea [paraphyletic group]
- Subphylum Hexapoda
- Subphylum Myriapoda
- Subphylum Chelicerata
- Nematoida
- Deuterostomia
- Phylum Echinodermata
- Phylum Hemichordata
- Phylum Chordata
- Subphylum Cephalochordata
- Olfactores
- Subphylum Urochordata
- Subphylum Vertebrata
References
[edit]- Agassiz, L. (1857). Essay on Classification. In: Contributions to the Natural History of the United States. Vol. I. Little, Brown & Co., Boston [138]
- Alimov, A. F. ed. (А. Ф. Алимов). 2000. Protista 1: Handbook on zoology (Протисты 1: руководство по зоологии). St. Petersburg: Nauka, 2000, 679 pp., pp. 99-114. In Russian, with English summaries, [139].
- Brands, S.J. (1989-2015). The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands.[140].
- Gregory, W. K. (1910). The orders of mammals. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, v. 27, [141].
- Kluge N.J. (2004-2014). Nomina circumscribentia insectorum (World Wide Web electronic database). [142].
- Nielsen, C. (2010). The “new phylogeny”. What is new about it?. Palaeodiversity, 3, 149-150, [143].
- Spix, J.B. (1811). Geschichte und Beurtheilung aller Systeme in der Zoologie nach ihrer Entwicklungsfolge von Aristoteles bis auf die gegenwärtige Zeit. Nürnberg, Schrag‘sche Buchhandlung, I–XIV, 710 p. [144].