Porifera

Aplysina aerophoba

Taxonavigation

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Amorphea
Cladus: Obazoa
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Cladus: Filozoa
Cladus: Choanozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Phylum: Porifera
Classes (4 + †5): Calcarea – Demospongiae – Hexactinellida – Homoscleromorpha – †Archaeocyatha – †Cribricyatha – †Heteractinida – †Stromatoporoidea – ?†Radiocyatha
Genus incertae sedis (1): Placodictyum
[Source: WoRMS 2017]

Name

Porifera Grant, 1836

References

Additional references

• Adl. S.M., Bass, D., Lane, C.E., Burger, G., Schoch, C.L., Smirnov, A., Agatha, S., Berney, C., Brown, M.W., Burki, F., Cárdenas, P., Čepička, I., Chistyakova, L., Del Campo, J., Dunthorn, M., Edvardsen, B., Eglit, Y., Guillou, L., Hampl, V., Heiss, A.A., Hoppenrath, M., James, T.Y., Karnkowska, A.E., Karpov, S., Kim, E., Kolisko, M., Lahr, D.J.G., Lara, E., Le Gall, L., Lynn, D.H., Mann, D.G., Massana, R., Mitchell, E.A.D., Morrow, C., Park, J.S., Pawlowski, J.W., Powell, M.J., Richter, D.J., Rueckert, S., Shadwick, L., Shimano, S., Spiegel, F.W., Torruella, G., Youssef, N., Zlatogursky, V.V. & Zhang, Q. 2018 (Online) 2019 (Print). Revisions to the Classification, Nomenclature, and Diversity of Eukaryotes. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 66(1): 4–119. DOI: 10.1111/JEU.12691 Reference page. 
• Bertolino, M., Cerrano, C., Bavestrello, G., Carella, M., Pansini, M., Calcinai, B. 2013. Diversity of Porifera in the Mediterranean coralligenous accretions, with description of a new species. ZooKeys, 336: 1–37. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.336.5139 Reference page. 
• Cárdenas, P., Pérez, T. & Boury-Esnault, N. 2012. Sponge Systematics facing new challenges. Advances in Marine Biology 61: 79–209. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-387787-1.00010-6
• Costa, G., Giussani, V., Kletou, D., Kleitou, P., Pansini, M., Setti, A., Pizzolotto, R. & Bertolino, M. 2018. A first preliminary study of the shallow water sponge fauna from Cyprus Island (Eastern Mediterranean). Zootaxa 4450(5): 594–596. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4450.5.7 Reference page. 
• Erpenbeck, D. & Wörheide, G. 2007. On the molecular phylogeny of sponges (Porifera). Pp. 107–126 in: Zhang, Z.-Q. & Shear, W.A. (eds.) Linnaeus tercentenary: progress in invertebrate taxonomy. Zootaxa 1668: 1–766. Abstract & excerpt (PDF) Full article (PDF)
• George, A.M., van Soest, R.W.M., Sluka, R.D. & Lazarus, S. 2020. A checklist of marine sponges (Porifera) of peninsula India. Zootaxa 4885(2): 277–300. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.2.10 Reference page. 
• Ghiglione, C., Alvaro, M.C., Cecchetto, M., Canese, S., Downey, R., Guzzi, A., Mazzoli, C., Piazza, P., Rapp, H.T., Sarà, A. & Schiaparelli, S. 2018. Porifera collection of the Italian National Antarctic Museum (MNA), with an updated checklist from Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea). ZooKeys 758: 137–156. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.758.23485. Reference page. 
• Grenier, M., Ruiz, C., Fourt, M., Santonja, M., Dubois, M., Klautau, M., Vacelet, J., Boury-Esnault, N. & Pérez, T. 2018. Sponge inventory of the French Mediterranean waters, with an emphasis on cave-dwelling species. Pp 205–228 In Klautau, M., Pérez, T., Cárdenas, P. & de Voogd, N.J. (eds.). Deep Sea and Cave Sponges. Zootaxa 4466(1): 1–237. Reference page.  Reference page. 
• Hooper, J.N.A. & Soest, R.W.M., van (eds.) 2002. Systema Porifera. Guide to the supraspecific classification of sponges and spongiomorphs (Porifera). New York: Plenum.
• Hooper, J.N.A., van Soest, R.W.M. & Pisera, A. 2011. Phylum Porifera Grant, 1826. Pp 13–18 In Zhang, Z.-Q. (ed.) 2011. Animal biodiversity: an outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness. Zootaxa 3148: 1–237. Open access. Reference page. . Full article (PDF). Reference page. 
• Laubenfels, M.W. de 1955. Porifera. Pp. E21–112. In: Moore, R.C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part E, Archaeocyatha and Porifera. Lawrence: University of Kansas Press. DOI: 10.17161/tip.v0i0.5129 . Reference page. 
• Leys, S.P. & Eerkes-Medrano, D. 2005. Gastrulation in calcareous sponges: in search of Haeckel’s Gastraea. Integrative and Comparative Biology 45(2): 342–351. DOI: 10.1093/icb/45.2.342 . Reference page. 
• Medina, M., Collins, A.G., Silberman, J.D. & Sogin, M.L. 2001. Evaluating hypotheses of basal animal phylogeny using complete sequences of large and small subunit rRNA. PNAS 98(17): 9707–9712. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.171316998 . JSTOR PubMed Reference page. 
• Putra, S.A., Ambo-Rappe, R., Jompa, J. & de Voogd, N.J. 2024. Preliminary study of marine sponges (Porifera) in the littoral of Spermonde Archipelago, Indonesia. ZooKeys 1208: 275–313. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1208.113603 Reference page. 
• Rios, P. & Cristobo, J. 2014. Antarctic Porifera database from the Spanish benthic expeditions. ZooKeys 401: 1-10. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.401.5522 Reference page. 
• Rützler, K., Piantoni, C., van Soest, R.W.M. & Díaz, M. C. 2014. Diversity of sponges (Porifera) from cryptic habitats on the Belize barrier reef near Carrie Bow Cay. Zootaxa 3805(1): 1–129. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3805.1.1 Reference page. 
• Sperling, E.A., Peterson, K.J. & Pisani, D. 2009. Phylogenetic-Signal Dissection of Nuclear Housekeeping Genes Supports the Paraphyly of Sponges and the Monophyly of Eumetazoa. Molecular Biology and Evolution 26(10): 2261–2274. DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msp148 . Reference page. 
• Van Soest, R.W.M., Boury-Esnault, N., Vacelet, J., Dohrmann, M., Erpenbeck, D., De Voogd, N.J., Santodomingo, N., Vanhoorne, B., Kelly, M. & Hooper, J.N.A. 2012. Global diversity of sponges (Porifera). PLoS ONE 7(4): e35105. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035105
• Setiawan, E., de Voogd, N.J., Hooper, J.N.A., Wörheide, G. & Erpenbeck, D. 2016. Bottomless barrel-sponge species in the Indo-Pacific? Zootaxa 4136(2): 393–396. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4136.2.11 Reference page. 
• Van Soest, R.W.M., Kaiser, K.L. & Van Syoc, R. 2011. Sponges from Clipperton Island, East Pacific. Zootaxa 2839: 1–46. Preview (PDF)
• Voultsiadou, E., Gerovasileiou, V. & Bailly, N. 2016. Porifera of Greece: an updated checklist. Biodiversity Data Journal 4: e7984. DOI: 10.3897/BDJ.4.e7984. Reference page. 

Links

• Lavrov, Dennis. 2009. Porifera. Sponges. Version 30 March 2009 (under construction). http://tolweb.org/Porifera/2464/2009.03.30 in The Tree of Life Web Project, http://tolweb.org/
• Paleobiology Database
• WoRMS. 2011. Porifera. In: Van Soest, R.W.M, Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J.N.A., Rützler, K, de Voogd, N.J., Alvarez de Glasby, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A.B., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K.R., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M. & Vacelet, J. 2011. World Porifera database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=558 in October 30, 2011.

Alternative classifications

Adl et al. (2012)

• Adl, S.M., Simpson, A.G.B., Lane, C.E., Lukeš, J., Bass, D., Bowser, S.S., Brown, M.W., Burki, F., Dunthorn, M., Hampl, V., Heiss, A., Hoppenrath, M., Lara, E., Le Gall, L., Lynn, D.H., McManus, H., Mitchell, E.A.D., Mozley-Stanridge, S.E., Parfrey, L.W., Pawlowski, J., Rueckert, S., Shadwick, L., Schoch, C.L., Smirnow, A. & Spiegel, F.W. 2012. The revised classification of eukaryotes. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 59(5): 429–514. DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2012.00644.x [Erratum: 60(3): 321. DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12033 ] Reference page. 

Eukaryota

• Opisthokonta Cavalier-Smith 1987, emend. Adl et al. 2005
  • Holozoa Lang et al. 2002 (R)
    • Metazoa Haeckel 1874
      • Porifera Grant 1836 (Parazoa Sollas 1884)
        • Silicispongia Schmidt 1862 (Silicea Bowerbank 1864, emend. Gray 1867)
          • Hexactinellida Schmidt 1870
            • Euplectella, Farrea, Hyalonema, Monoraphis, Lophocalyx, Semperella
          • Demospongiae Sollas 1885, emend. Borchiellini et al. 2004
            • Aplysina, Axinella, Cacospongia, Chondrosia, Cliona, Euspongia, Halisarca, Hippospongia, Oscarella, Plakina, Spongilla, Suberites. Excludes Homoscleromorpha, includes Keratosa Borchiellini et al. 2004, Myxospongiae Borchiellini et al. 2004, and Haplosclerida Borchiellini et al. 2004
            • Democlavia Sperling et al. 2009, emend. Morrow et al. 2012 (R); clades (C):
              • C1 Suberitidae Schmidt 1870, Halichondriidae Gray 1867, emend. Morrow et al. 2012
              • C2 Polymastiidae Gray 1867
              • C3 Hemiasterillidae Lenderfeld 1889, emend. Morrow et al. 2012, Tethyidae Gray 1848, Timeidae Topsent 1928, Trachycladidae Hallmann 1917;
              • C4 Clionaidae d’Orbigny 1851, Spirasterillidae Ridley & Dendy 1886;
              • C5 Poecilosclerida Topsent 1928;
              • C6 Agelasida Hartman 1980, emend. Morrow et al. 2012;
              • C7 Axinellida Lévi 1973, emend. Morrow et al. 2012;
              • C10 Dictyonellidae van Soetz, Diaz & Pomponi 1990, emend. Morrow et al. 2012;
              • C11 Tetractinellida Marshall 1876, emend. Morrow et al. 2012;
              • C12 Desmacellidae Ridley & Dendy 1886, emend. Morrow et al. 2012;
              • C13 Spongillidae Gray 1867;
              • C14 Scopalinidae Morrow et al. 2012.
        • Homoscleromorpha Lévi 1973, emend. Borchiellini et al. 2004 (R)
          • Node includes Oscarella lobularis, excludes Beroe ovata, Geodia cydonium, Hydra viridis, Leucosolenia variabilis, Oopsacas minuta
        • Calcispongia Johnston 1842 (Calcarea Bowerbank 1864)
          • Calcinea Hartman 1958, emend. Borchiellini et al. 2004 (R)
            • Clathrinida, Murrayona
          • Calcaronea Hartman 1958, emend. Borchiellini et al. 2004 (R)
            • Grantiopsis-Paralurilla, Vosmacropsis-Sycettusa, includes Heteropiidae, Staurorrhaphidae, Minchinellidae

Vernacular names

• Alemannisch: Schwimm
• беларуская: Губкі
• বাংলা: পরিফেরা
• català: Esponges
• corsu: Spunghe
• čeština: Houbovci
• dansk: Svampedyr
• Deutsch: Schwämme
• Ελληνικά: Σπόγγοι
• English: Sponges
• Esperanto: Spongulo
• español: Poríferos
• eesti: Käsnad
• euskara: Belaki
• suomi: Sienieläimet
• Nordfriisk: Swaampen
• français: Éponges, Porifères, Spongiaires
• galego: Esponxas
• ગુજરાતી: છિદ્રપ્રાણી સંધ
• Gaelg: Faastguinyn
• हिन्दी: छिद्रप्राणी संघ
• hrvatski: Spužve
• magyar: Szivacsok
• հայերեն: Սպունգներ
• italiano: Spugne
• 日本語: 海綿動物門
• lietuvių: Pintis
• latviešu: Sūkļi
• македонски: Сунѓери
• मराठी: छिद्रप्राणी संघ
• नेपाली: छिद्रप्राणी संघ
• Nederlands: Sponsdieren
• norsk: Svampdyr
• ਪੰਜਾਬੀ: ਛਿਦ੍ਰਪ੍ਰਾਣੀ ਸੰਘ
• polski: Gąbki
• português: Poríferos
• русский: Губки
• srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски: Spužve
• slovenčina: Hubky
• slovenščina: Spužve
• српски / srpski: Sunđeri
• svenska: Svampdjur
• தமிழ்: பஞ்சுயிரி (புழையுடலிகள்)
• ไทย: ฟองน้ำ
• Türkçe: Süngerler
• українська: Губки
• Tiếng Việt: Động vật thân lỗ
• 中文: 多孔動物門

For more multimedia, look at Porifera on Wikimedia Commons.