Solanum americanum
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Taxonavigation
[edit]Taxonavigation: Solanales |
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Classification System: APG IV
Superregnum: Eukaryota |
Familia: Solanaceae
Subfamilia: Solanoideae
Tribus: Solaneae
Genus: Solanum
Subgenus: S. subg. Solanum
Sectio: S. sect. Solanum
Species: Solanum americanum
Name
[edit]Solanum americanum Mill. (1768:s.v. "Solanum")
- Lectotype: Herb. Miller s.n. (BM [BM000617683])
- Designated by Edmonds (1972:103)
- Type locality: Cultivated at the Chelsea Physic Garden
Synonyms
[edit](After Särkinen et al., 2018)
- Homotypic
- Solanum nigrum var. americanum (Mill.) O.E.Schulz (1909:160)
- Heterotypic
- Solanum nigrum var. patulum L. (1753:186)
- Solanum patulum (L.) Roth (1800:23)
- Solanum americanum var. patulum (L.) Edmonds (1977:75)
- Lectotype: "Solanum procerius patulum, vulgaris fructu", Dillenius, Hortus Elthamensis 2: 367, t. 275, f. 355. 1732
- Epitype: Herb. Dillenius 441 (Dill-HE 275-355, OXF)
- Both designated by Särkinen et al. (2018). Epitype had been previously designated as lectotype (Edmonds, 2012:136), but Linnaeus only used the plates as original material, and the designation had to be superseded.
- Solanum nodiflorum Jacq. (1789: 288)
- Solanum desvauxii Ham. (1825:26), nom. illeg. superfl. pro S. nodiflorum
- Solanum nigrum subsp. nodiflorum (Jacq.) Sendtn. (1846:16)
- Solanum nigrum f. nodiflorum (Jacq.) Miq. (1856:637)
- Solanum nigrum var. nodiflorum (Jacq.) A.Gray (1878:228)
- Solanum americanum var. nodiflorum (Jacq.) Edmonds (in Stearn, 1971:634)
- Solanum americanum subsp. nodiflorum (Jacq.) R.J.F.Hend. (1988:555)
- Solanum papilionaceum Dum.Cours. (1802:135)
- Neotype: s.c. s.n. [Herb. Maire] (P00582223, P)
- Designated by Särkinen et al. (2018).
- Type locality: Cultivated in Paris
- Neotype: s.c. s.n. [Herb. Maire] (P00582223, P)
- Solanum strictum Zuccagni (1806:[20])
- Solanum rumphii Dunal (1813:157
- Solanum nigrum f. rumphii (Dunal) Miq. (1856:637)
- Lectotype: Rumphius, Herbarium Amboinense 6: t. 26, fig. 2, 1750
- Designated by Särkinen et al. (2018).
- Type locality: Indonesia. Malaku: Amboina
- Lectotype: Rumphius, Herbarium Amboinense 6: t. 26, fig. 2, 1750
- Solanum oleraceum Dunal (1814:750)
- Solanum nigrum var. oleraceum (Dunal) Hitchc. (1893:111)
- Solanum dillenii Schult. (1814:393, "Dilleni")
- Solanum patulum Kit. ex Kanitz (1863:440), nom. illeg. non Solanum patulum (L.) Roth
- Solanum nigrum subsp. dillenii (Schult.) Schur (1866:478)
- Solanum nigrum var. dillenii (Schult.) A.Gray (1878:228
- Solanum microspermum Dunal (1816:12)
- Lectotype: Herb. Thibaud s.c. s.n. (G00144267, G-DC)
- Designated by Särkinen et al. (2018).
- Lectotype: Herb. Thibaud s.c. s.n. (G00144267, G-DC)
- Solanum erythrocarpon G.Mey. (1818:109)
- Lectotype: E.K. Rodschied 31 (GOET003505, GOET)
- Designated by Särkinen et al. (2018).
- Type locality: Suriname. Saramacca: Hamburg [Hamburg Plantation, Essequibo]
- Lectotype: E.K. Rodschied 31 (GOET003505, GOET)
- Solanum nigrum Vell. (1829:BHL), nom. illeg. non Solanum nigrum L.
- Solanum tenuiflorum Steud. (1841:606), nom. nov. pro S. nigrum Vell.
- Solanum nigrum var. angulosum Sendtn. (1846:16)
- Lectotype: Vellozo, Fl. Flumin. Icon. 2:tab. 109. 1831. Original in the Manuscript Section of the Biblioteca Nacional, Rio de Janeiro (mss1198651_112)
- Designated by Knapp et al. (2015)
- Type locality: Brazil. [Rio de Janeiro]
- Lectotype: Vellozo, Fl. Flumin. Icon. 2:tab. 109. 1831. Original in the Manuscript Section of the Biblioteca Nacional, Rio de Janeiro (mss1198651_112)
- Solanum indecorum A.Rich. (1850:121)
- Lectotype: R. de la Sagra s.n. (P00370899, P)
- Designated by Särkinen et al. (2018).
- Type locality: Cuba. Sin loc., 1836
- Lectotype: R. de la Sagra s.n. (P00370899, P)
- Solanum nigrum subsp. aguaraquiya Sendtn. (1846:17)
- Solanum pterocaulum var. aguaraquiya Dunal (1852:52, "pterocaulon"; S. pterocaulum = S. scabrum
)- Lectotype: C.F.P. Martius s.n. (M-0171809, M)
- Isolectotype: M (M-0171810)
- Designated by Särkinen et al. (2018).
- Type locality: Brazil. Rio Grande do Sul: "Pat. Joan a St. Barbara"
- Solanum nigrum var. minus Hook.f. (1847:201, "minor")
- Solanum amarantoides Dunal (1852:55)
- Solanum ptychanthum Dunal (1852:54)
- Different authors (unlke Särkinen & al., 2018 and Knapp & al., 2019) have previously treated this name as the correct name for S. emulans
. - Holototype: S.c. s.n. (G00144485, G-DC)
- Type locality: United States of America. Georgia: Chatham Co., Savannah
- Different authors (unlke Särkinen & al., 2018 and Knapp & al., 2019) have previously treated this name as the correct name for S. emulans
- Solanum nodiflorum var. macrophyllum Dunal (1852:46)
- Solanum nodiflorum var. acuminatum Dunal (1852:46)
- Solanum nodiflorum var. petiolastrum Dunal (1852:46)
- Holotype: P. Claussen 180 (P00319584, P)
- Type locality: Brazil. Rio de Janeiro: Novo Friburgo, 1842
- Solanum inops Dunal (1852:55)
- Solanum nigrum f. uniflorum (Dunal) Miq. (1856:638)
- Lectotype: F.W. Junghuhn s.n. (U0113977, U)
- Designated by Särkinen et al. (2018).
- Type locality: Indonesia. Java: "op den Diëng, 6000-8000 ft"
- Lectotype: F.W. Junghuhn s.n. (U0113977, U)
- Solanum nigrum f. grandifolium O.E.Schulz (1909:160)
- Holotype: P.E.E. Sintenis 2429 (herb. unknown)
- Type locality: Puerto Rico. "prope Cayey in sylvis ad rivulum superiorem m. Sept. fl. et. fr."
- Solanum nigrum f. parvifolium O.E.Schulz (1909:160)
- Holotype: Baker Herb. Cub. 3377 (herb. unknown)
- Type locality: Cuba. La Habana: Santiago de las Vegas
- Solanum minutibaccatum Bitter (1912a:549)
- Solanum inconspicuum Bitter (1912b:204)
- Holotype: C. Seler 222 (B, destroyed)
- Type locality: Peru. Lima: Lima
- Solanum tenellum Bitter (1912b:219)
- Solanum minutibaccatum subsp. curtipedunculatum Bitter (1912b:205)
- Solanum sciaphilum Bitter (1912b:220)
- Solanum curtipes Bitter (1912b:228)
- Holotype: É. Hassler 3104 (B, destroyed)
- Lectotype: G (G00306710)
- Isolectotypes: G (G00306711, G00306712, G00306713, G00306714), K (K000532497), P (P00325762), NY (00139112), UC (UC950837))
- Designated by Morton (1976:149), second step by Särkinen et al. (2018).
- Type locality: Paraguay. Cordillera: San Bernardino
- Solanum calvum Bitter (1913b:81)
- Solanum depilatum Bitter (1913b:88)
- Holotype: G. Paroisse 10 (P00338747, P)
- Type locality: Madagascar. Toliara: Fort Dauphin [anchorage]
- Solanum imerinense Bitter (1913a:566)
- Solanum sancti-thomae Bitter (1913a:560, "Sancti Thomae")
- Solanum nodiflorum var. sapucayense Chodat (1916:150)
- Holotype: R. Chodat & W. Vischer 46 (G00306708, G)
- Type locality: Paraguay. Paraguarí: Sapucay [i.e. en:Sapucaí]
- Solanum nigrum var. pauciflorum Liou (1935:454)
- Solanum pauciflorum (Liou) H.Y.Zhang (1999:131) nom. inval. (Art. 41.5)
- Solanum merrillianum Liou (1935:455)
- Solanum suffruticosum var. merrillianum (Liou) C.Y.Wu & S.C.Huang, Fl. Hainan. 3:586. 1974. (S. suffruticosum = S. villosum
) - Solanum photeinocarpum M.Nakam. & Odash. (in Odashima, 1935: 54)
- Solanum pachystylum Polg. (in Allan 1940:280)
- Solanum nodiflorum subsp. nutans R.J.F.Hend. (1974:30)
References
[edit]- Allan, H.H. (1940) "Notes on New Zealand Floristic Botany. Including Descriptions of New Species, ETC.—No. 7." Trans. Proc. Royal Soc. New Zeal. 69:270-281.
- Bitter, G. (1912a) Solana nova vel minus cognita I. Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10(33–36):529–565. DOI: 10.1002/fedr.19120103305.
- Bitter, G. (1912b) Solana nova vel minus cognita III. Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11(9–15): 202–237. DOI: 10.1002/fedr.19120110917.
- Bitter, G. (1913a) Solana Africana I. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 49:560–569.
- Bitter, G. (1913b) Solana nova vel minus cognita X. Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12:(4–8)45–90. DOI: 10.1002/fedr.19130120402.
- Chodat, R. (1916) "La végétation du Paraguay: Résultats scientifiques d'une mission botanique suisse au Paraguay [part 1]". Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève 8:83–160.
- D’Arcy, W.G. 1974 ["1973"]. Family 170. Solanaceae. In Woodson, R.E., Jr., Schery, R.W. & Collaborators, Flora of Panama, Part IX. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 60: 573–780. DOI: 10.2307/2395139
. JSTOR
. BHL. Reference page.
- Dumont de Courset G.L.M. (1802) Le Botaniste Cultivateur. Vol. 2. J.J. Fuchs, Paris.
- Dunal, M.F. (1813) Histoire naturelle, médicale et économique des Solanum et des genres qui ont été confondus avec eux. III+248pp. Renaud, Montpellier. Gbooks.Reference page.
- Dunal, M.F. (1814) "Solanum". In: Lamarck, J.-B. & Poiret, J.L.M. (eds.). Encyclopédie Méthodique, Botanique. Supplement 3. pp. 738–780. Paris: H. Agasse. BHL. Reference page.
- Dunal, M.F. 1816. Solanorum Generumque Affinium Synopsis. 51 pp., Renaud, Montpellier. Gallica. Reference page.
- Dunal, M.F. 1852. Solanaceae. In Candolle, A.L.P.P. de (ed.) Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis 13(1): 1–690. V. Masson, Paris. BHL. Reference page.
- Edmonds, J.M. (1972) A synopsis of the taxonomy of Solanum sect. Solanum (Maurella) in South America. Kew Bull. 27(1):95–114. DOI: 10.2307/4117874.
- Edmonds, J.M. (1977) "Taxonomic studies on Solanum L. section Solanum (Maurella)." Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 75(2):141–178. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8339.1977.tb01482.x.
- Edmonds, J.M. (2012) Flora of Tropical East Africa: Solanaceae. Ed. Beentje, H. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. ISBN 978-1-84246-395-6. Reference page.
- Gray, A. (1878) Synoptical Flora of North America vol. 2, part 1: Gamopetalae after Compositae. Ivison, Blakeman, Taylor & Company: New York. VII-402 pp.
- Hamilton, G. 1825. Prodromus plantarum Indiae Occidentalis hucusque cognitarum, tam in oris Americae Meridionalis, quam in insulis Antillicis sponte crescentium, aut ibi diuturne hospitantium; nova genera et species hactenus ignotas complectens. XVI+67 pp. Treuttel et Würtz, Treuttel Jun. et Richter, Londini [London]; Treuttel et Würtz, Parisiis [Paris] et Argentorati [Strasbourg]. BHL. Reference page.
- Henderson, R.J.F. (1974) Solanum nigrum L. (Solanaceae) and Related Species in Australia. Contr. Queensland Herb. 16. Toowong: Queensland Herbarium.
- Henderson, R.J.F. (1988) "New combinations for Solanum americanum Miller (Solanaceae) in Australia and New Zealand." Austrobaileya 2(5):555.
- Hitchcock, A.S. (1893) List of Plants Collected in the Bahamas, Jamaica and Grand Cayman. Rep. (Annual) Mo. Bot. Gard. 1893:46-180. DOI: 10.2307/2992177.
- Hooker, J.D. (1847) "An enumeration of the plants of the Galapagos Archipelago; with descriptions of those which are new". Trans. Linn. Soc. London 20(2):163-233. DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.1846.tb00416.x.
- Kanitz, A. (1863) Pauli Kitaibelii Additamenta ad Floram Hungaricam. Linnaea 32:305–641. BHL.
- Knapp, S. et al. (2015) "Identification and lectotypification of the Solanaceae from Vellozo's Flora Fluminensis." Taxon 64(4):822–836. DOI: 10.12705/644.14.
- Knapp, S., Barboza, G.E., Bohs, L. & Särkinen, T. 2019. A revision of the Morelloid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in North and Central America and the Caribbean. PhytoKeys 123:1–144. DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738
. Reference page.
- Jacquin, N. v. 1788 [publ. 1789]. Collectanea ad botanicam, chemiam, et historiam naturalem spectantia, cum figuris. Vol. 2. Ex Officina Wappleriana, Vindobonae [Vienna]. 374 pp., 18 pl. Biblioteca Digital. Reference page.
- Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species plantarum, exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas. Tomus I. Pp. [I–XII], 1–560. Impensis Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae [Stockholm]. BHL Reference page.
- Liou, T.N. (1935) "Sur le groupe de Solanum nigrum". Contributions from the Institute of Botany. National Academy of Peiping 3:453–458.
- Meyer, G.F.W. (1818) Primitiae Florae Essequeboensis. H. Dietrich, Göttingen. 316 pp.
- Miller, P. 1768. The Gardeners Dictionary: containing the best and newest methods of cultivating and improving the kitchen, fruit, flower garden, and nursery. Ed. 8, 3 volumes (without pagination), John & Francis Rivington, London. DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.541 Reference page.
- Miquel, F.A.W. 1856–1859. Flora van Nederlandsch Indie. vol. 2 No. IX + 1103 pp. C. G. van der Post, Amsterdam BHL. Reference page.
- Morton, C.V. 1976. A revision of the Argentine species of Solanum. Academia Nacional de Ciencias, Córdoba. 260 p. Reference page.
- Odashima, K. 1936. Plantarum formosanarum species novae determinatae. (II). Journal of the Society of Tropical Agriculture 8(1): 54–62. Google Books (only snippets available). Reference page.
- Richard, A. (1850) "Fanerogamia o plantas vasculares (pt. 2)" in R. de la Sagra, Historia fisica politica y natural de la Isla de Cuba. Vol. 11. Arthus Bertrand, Paris.
- Roth, A.W. 1800. Catalecta Botanica quibus plantae novae et minus cognitae describuntur atque illustrantur. Fasc. 2. pp. [i–iv], [1]–258, [1–2 addendum], pls I–IX. Lipsiae [Leipzig]: in Bibliopolio Io. Fr. Gleditschiano. BHL Reference page.
- Särkinen, T., Poczai, P., Barboza, G.E., van der Weerden, G.M., Baden, M. & Knapp, S. 2018. A revision of the Old World Black Nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae). PhytoKeys 106: 1–223. DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991 Reference page.
- Schultes, J.A. (1814) Österreichs Flora: ein Handbuch auf Botanischen Excursionen, ed. 2. vol. 2. C. Schaumberg & Compagnie: Vienna.
- Schur, P.J.F. (1866) Enumeratio Plantarum Transsilvaniae. Vindobonae: Apud G. Braumhuller. XVIII-964 pp. BHL
- Schulz, O.E. "Solanacearum genera nonnulla " in Urban, I. |(ed.) (1909–1910) Symbolae Antillanae, seu, Fundamenta florae Indiae Occidentalis. 6:140-279 Fratres Borntraeger, Lipsiae [Leipzig].
- Sendtner, O. (1846) "Solanaceae", in C.F.P. von Martius (ed.), Flora Brasiliensis 10:1–231.Reference page.
- Stearn, W.T. (1971) "Taxonomic and nomenclatural notes on Jamaican gamopetalous plants". Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 52:(4)614–648.
- Steudel, E.G.V. 1841. Nomenclator Botanicus, Ed. 2. Vol. 2 Stuttgartiae, Tubingae: J.G. Cottae. DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.655
- Vellozo, J.M.C. (†). 1829 ["1825"]. Florae Fluminensis, seu descriptionum plantarum praefectura fluminensi sponte nascentium liber primus ad systema sexuale concinnatus ... 352 pp. Flumine Januario [Rio de Janeiro]. BHL Reference page.
- Zhang, H.Y. (1999) Numerical Taxonomic Studies on Solanum nigrum in China. Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 19(2):127-131
- Zuccagni, A. (1806) Centuria I. Observationum botanicarum. [Turici, Zürich 1806].
Links
[edit]- Yonekura, K. & Kajita, T. (2003 onwards) YList – index for Japanese-scientific plant names (「植物和名ー学名インデックス」). Published on Internet. Accessed: 2023 February 15
Vernacular names
[edit]- Note: Many names in Särkinen et al. (2018) and Knapp et al. (2019) can't be identified down to specific languages, as they are only sorted geographically.
azərbaycanca: amerika quşüzümü
English: American Nightshade, Glossy Nightshade, Small-Flowered Nightshade, Black Nightshade, American Black Nightshade, Gumma Bush, Gooma Bush, Agouma, Ink Berry
español: Hierba mora negra, yerba mora, yerba mora negra, saltonchis
suomi: amerikanmustakoiso
français: morelle d'amérique, brède bleu, agouman, herbe amère
Hawaiʻi: popolo, popolohua
日本語: テリミノイヌホオズキ
Malagasy: anamama
português: maria-pretinha
Runa Simi: Qhaya-qhaya
Gagana Samoa: magalo
svenska: Amerikansk nattskatta
中文(臺灣): 光果龍葵
中文: 少花龙葵, 光枝木龙葵
English: American Nightshade, Glossy Nightshade, Small-Flowered Nightshade, Black Nightshade, American Black Nightshade, Gumma Bush, Gooma Bush, Agouma, Ink Berry
español: Hierba mora negra, yerba mora, yerba mora negra, saltonchis
suomi: amerikanmustakoiso
français: morelle d'amérique, brède bleu, agouman, herbe amère
Hawaiʻi: popolo, popolohua
日本語: テリミノイヌホオズキ
Malagasy: anamama
português: maria-pretinha
Runa Simi: Qhaya-qhaya
Gagana Samoa: magalo
svenska: Amerikansk nattskatta
中文(臺灣): 光果龍葵
中文: 少花龙葵, 光枝木龙葵
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