Labyrinthulomycetes

[edit]
Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Chromista
Subregnum: Harosa
Infraregnum: Heterokonta
Phylum: Bigyra
Subphylum: Sagenista
Classis: Labyrinthulomycetes
Ordines: Labyrinthulida – Thraustochytriida – (Thraustochytrids)
Ordines (in synonymy): Labyrinthulales – Thraustochytriales
Genera (overview): Aplanochytrium – Elina – Japonochytrium – ?Labyrinthodictyon – Labyrinthomyxa – Labyrinthorhiza – Labyrinthula – ?Labyrinthuloides – Oblongichytrium – Phagomyxa – Pseudoplasmodium – Pyrrhosorus – Schizochytrium – Thraustochytrium – Ulkenia
Name[edit]
Labyrinthulomycetes Arx, 1970, Dick, 2001 (ICBN) / Labyrinthulea sensu Olive, 1975, Cavalier-Smith, 1989 (ICZN)
Circumscriptional synonyms
- Labyrinthulomycota Whittaker, 1969
- Labyrinthomorpha Page in Levine et al., 1980
- Labyrinthista Cavalier-Smith, 1986
- Slabyrinthulids Patterson, 1994
References[edit]
- Bennett, R.M.; Honda, D.; Beakes, G.W.; Thines, M. (2017). Labyrinthulomycota. In: Archibald, J.M., Simpson, A.G.B., Slamovits, C. (Eds.). Handbook of the Protists. Springer, pp. 1-36. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-32669-6_25-1
- Labyrinthulomycetes in the World Register of Marine Species
Classifications[edit]
Cienkowski (1867)[edit]
Cienkowski, L. (1867). Ueber den Bau und die Entwicklung der Labyrinthuleen. Arch. mikr. Anat., 3:274, [1]
- Labyrinthuleae
Haeckel (1868a)[edit]
Haeckel, E. 1868. Natürliche Schöpfungsgeschichte. 1st ed. Reimer, Berlin, [2]. See Dayrat (2003), [3].
- "Polyphyletisher Stammbaum der Organismen" [p. 347]
- Plantae
- “Protista” [polyphyletic]
- Labyrinthuleae
- Myxomycetes
- Diatomeae
- Monera Neutra
- Protoplasta
- Rhizopoda
- Flagellata
- Animalia
- "Einstämmiger oder Monophyletisher Stammbaum der Organismen" [plate I, [4]]
- Pflanzenreich, Plantae
- Florideae
- Fucoideae
- Chloralgae + Muscinae + Filicinae + Gymnospermae + Angiospermae
- Lichenes
- Fungi
- Protistenreich, Protista
- Diatomea
- Labyrinthulae
- Myxomycetes
- Monera neutra + Rhizopoda
- Noctilucae
- Flagellata
- Protoplasta
- Thierreich, Animalia
- Coelenterata
- Scolecida
- Vermes (Scolecida + Colelminthes + Himatega) +Arthropoda + Vertebrata + Mollusca
- Pflanzenreich, Plantae
Haeckel (1868b)[edit]
Haeckel, E. 1868. Monographie der Moneren. Jenaische Zeitschrift für Medicin und Naturwissenschaft 4: 64–144, [5]. See p. 122, 129-134.
Translation: Monograph of Monera. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, 1869, IX: 27-42, 113-134, 219-232, 327-342.
- Protista
- Labyrinthulea (= Labyrinthulae) [p. 122]
Lankester (1877)[edit]
Lankester, E. R. 1877. Notes on the embryology and classification of the animal kingdom: Comprising a revision of speculations relative to the origin and significance of germ layers. Quartely Journal of Microscopical Science, 68:399-454, [6].
- Animalia
- Plastidozoa
- Protozoa
- Gymnomyxa
- Labyrinthulida (Labyrinthula, Chlamydomyxa) [p. 442]
- Gymnomyxa
- Protozoa
- Enterozoa
- Plastidozoa
Haeckel (1878)[edit]
Haeckel, E., 1878. Das Protistenreich. Eine Populäre Uebersicht über das Formengebiet der Niedersten Lebewesen. Ernst Günther's Verlag, Leipzig, 104 pp, [7].
- Protista
- Labyrinthuleae [p. 94]
- Labyrinthula vitellina
- Labyrinthula macrocystis
- Labyrinthuleae [p. 94]
Lankester (1885, 1891)[edit]
Lankester, E. R. (1885). Article "Protozoa". In: Encyclopaedia Britannica (9th ed.), 19: 830–866, [8].
Lankester, E. R. (1891). Article "Protozoa". In: Zoological Articles Contributed to the Encyclopaedia Britannica, [9].
- Protozoa
- Labyrinthulidea
Zopf (1892)[edit]
Zur Kenntniss der Labyrinthuleen, einer Familie der Mycetozoa. In: Beiträge zur Physiologie und Morphologie niederer Organismen. Heft 2 (1892), p. 36, Leipzig, [10].
- Mycetozoen
- Ordnung Sorophoren
- Unterordnung II: Labyrinthuleae Zopf
- Familie 1: Labyrinthuleen (Cienk.) Zopf
- Unterordnung II: Labyrinthuleae Zopf
- Ordnung Sorophoren
Delage & Hérouard (1896)[edit]
Traité de zoologie concrète, t. 1, p. 79, [11].
- Protozoa
- Rhizopodia
- Mycetozoariae
- Filoplasmodida vel Labyrinthulida
- Mycetozoariae
- Rhizopodia
Doflein (1901)[edit]
Die Protozoen als Parasiten und Krankheitserreger, 1st ed, [12].
- Protozoa
- Labyrinthulidae
Lister in Lankester (1909)[edit]
Lister, J. J. (1909). Appendix A (Chlamydomyxa & Labyrinthula). In: Lankester, E. R. A treatise on zoology, vol. 1 (1909), [13].
- Protozoa incertae sedis
- Labyrinthula
Copeland (1956)[edit]
The classification of lower organisms, [14].
- Kingdom Protoctista
- Phylum Protoplasta
- Family Labyrinthulida [Labyrinthulidae] Haeckel ex Doflein Protozoen 47 (1901)
- Phylum Protoplasta
Chadefaud & Emberger (1960)[edit]
Chadefaud, M. & Emberger, L. (éds.). Traité de botanique systématique. Masson et Cie., Paris.
- Tome I. Les végétaux non vasculaires (Cryptogamie), par M. Chadefaud, 1960, 1 vol. de 1016 pages, [15]
- Tome II. Les végétaux vasculaires, par L. Emberger, 1960, deux fascicules, 1540 pages, [16], [17]
- Monde vivant
- Protocaryotes (= Schizophytes)
- Eucaryotes
- Algues Eucaryotes (= Phycophytes)
- Chromophycophytes (= Chromophycées, ou Algues brunes et leurs alliées)
- Chrysophycées (lato sensu)
- Chrysophycinées (= Chrysophycées str. sensu, algues brun doré, ou algues brunes)
- Xanthophycinées (= Xanthophycées, Hétérokontes, ou algues vert jaune)
- Protozoaires chryso- et xanthoflagellés (incl. Labyrinthulides [= Filoplasmodidés]: Labyrinthorhiza et Labyrinthula)
- Silicophycinées (= Silicomonadines, ou Silicoflagellés)
- Craspédophycinées (= Craspédomonadines, ou Choanoflagellés)
- Bacillariophycinées (= Diatomées)
- Phéophycées
- Chrysophycées (lato sensu)
- Chromophycophytes (= Chromophycées, ou Algues brunes et leurs alliées)
- Algues Eucaryotes (= Phycophytes)
Levine & Corliss (1963)[edit]
Levine, N. D. & J. O. Corliss (1963). Two new subclasses of sarcodines, Labyrinthulia subcl. nov. and Proteomyxidia subcl. nov. (Abstr.). J. Protozool., 10 (Suppl.), 27.
Class Sarcodina
- Subclass Labyrinthulia
Honigberg et al. (1964)[edit]
A revised classification of the phylum Protozoa, [18].
- Phylum Protozoa
- Subphylum Sarcomastigophora
- Superclass Sarcodina
- Class Rhizopodea
- Subclass Labyrinthulia
- Order Labyrinthulida
- Subclass Labyrinthulia
- Class Rhizopodea
- Superclass Sarcodina
- Subphylum Sarcomastigophora
Olive (1975)[edit]
Olive, L. (1975). The mycetozoans. Academic Press, New York, [19].
- Kingdom Protista
- Phylum Gymnomyxa
- Subphylum Mycetozoa
- Subphylum Plasmodiophorina
- Subphylum Labyrinthulina
- Class Labyrinthulea
- Family Labyrinthulidae Haeckel (1868)
- Family Thraustochytriidae Sparrow (1943, 1960)
- Class Labyrinthulea
- Phylum Gymnomyxa
Page in Levine et al. (1980)[edit]
A newly revised classification of the Protozoa, [20].
- Subkingdom Protozoa
- Phylum Labyrinthomorpha
- Class Labyrinthulea
- Order Labyrinthulida (e.g., Labyrinthula, Thraustochytrium)
- Class Labyrinthulea
- Phylum Labyrinthomorpha
Corliss (1984)[edit]
The kingdom Protista and its 45 phyla, [21].
- Kingdom Protista
- Assemblage "Labyrinthomorphs"
- Phylum Labyrinthulea Cienkowski, 1867
- Phylum Thraustochytriacea Sparrow, 1943
- Assemblage "Labyrinthomorphs"
Cavalier-Smith (1986)[edit]
Cavalier-Smith, T. (1986). The kingdom Chromista, origin and systematics. In: Round, F.E. and Chapman, D.J. (eds.). Progress in Phycological Research. 4: 309–347, [22].
Kingdom Chromista
- Subkingdom Cryptophyta
- Phylum Cryptophyta
- Subkingdom Chromophyta
- Phylum Heterokonta
- Subphylum Ochrista
- Subphylum Pseudofungi (= Heterkontimycotina)
- Superclass Pythiista
- Class Oomycetes
- Class Hyphochytrea
- Superclass Labyrinthista
- Class Labyrinthulea L.S. Olive ex Caval.-Sm., (1986)
- Order Thraustochytriales
- Order Labyrinthulales
- Class Labyrinthulea L.S. Olive ex Caval.-Sm., (1986)
- Superclass Pythiista
- Phylum Haptophyta
- Phylum Heterokonta
Cavalier-Smith (1989)[edit]
Cavalier-Smith. T. (1989). The Kingdom Chromista. In: J.C. Green et al. (eds). The Chromophyte Algae: problems and Perspectives, pp. 381-407, [23].
- Kingdom Chromista
- Subkingdom Cryptista
- Subkingdom Chromophyta
- Phylum Heterokonta
- Subphylum Ochrista
- Subphylum Bicoecia
- Subphylum Pseudofungi ("Not now a synonym for Heterokontimycotina Dick 1976.")
- Class Pythiistea
- Subphylum Labyrinthista Cavalier-Smith 1986. stat. nov.
- Class Labyrinthulea
- Subclass 1. Thraustochytridae Cavalier-Smith, 1989
- Subclass 2. Labyrinthulidae Cavalier-Smith, 1989
- Class Labyrinthulea
- Phylum Haptomonada
- Phylum Heterokonta
Porter in Margulis et al. (1990)[edit]
Porter, D., 1990. 22. Phylum Labyrinthulomycota. In: Margulis, L., J.O. Corliss, M. Melkonian, D.J. Chapman (ed.). Handbook of Protoctista. Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Boston, p. 388-398. See Brands, S.J. (1989-2015), [24].
Kingdom Protoctista
- Section III: Phyla with flagellated stages, but without complex sexual cycles
- Phylum 22. Labyrinthulomycota
- Class Labyrinthulida
- Class Thraustochytrida
- Phylum 22. Labyrinthulomycota
Cavalier-Smith (1993)[edit]
Kingdom Protozoa and its 18 phyla, [25].
- Kingdom Chromista Cavalier-Smith, 1981 emend.
- Subkingdom 2. Euchromista
- Infrakingdom 2. Chromobiota orthogr. emend. pro. Chromophyta Cavalier-Smith, 1986
- Phylum Heterokonta
- Subphylum Labyrinthista Cavalier-Smith, 1986 stat. nov. 1989
- Class Labyrinthulea Olive ex Cavalier-Smith, 1989
- Subclass 1. Thraustochytridae Cavalier-Smith, 1989
- Subclass 2. Labyrinthulidae Cavalier-Smith, 1989
- Class Labyrinthulea Olive ex Cavalier-Smith, 1989
- Subphylum Labyrinthista Cavalier-Smith, 1986 stat. nov. 1989
- Phylum Heterokonta
- Infrakingdom 2. Chromobiota orthogr. emend. pro. Chromophyta Cavalier-Smith, 1986
- Subkingdom 2. Euchromista
Corliss (1994)[edit]
An Interim Utilitarian ("User-friendly") Hierarchical Classification and Characterization of the Protists.
Empire Eukaryota
- Kingdom Chromista
- Phylum 2. Labyrinthomorpha Page in Levine (et al.), 1980
- Class (1) Labyrinthulea Cienkowski, 1867
- Class (2) Thraustochytriacea Sparrow, 1943
- Phylum 2. Labyrinthomorpha Page in Levine (et al.), 1980
Cavalier-Smith (1998)[edit]
A revised six-kingdom system of life
- Phylum Sagenista
- Subphylum Labyrinthista Cavalier-Smith 1986 stat. nov. 1989
David J. Patterson (1999)[edit]
The Diversity of Eukaryotes
- Stramenopiles
- Clade Slabyrinthulids
- Genus Diplophrys
- Clade Labyrinthulids
- Clade Thraustochytrids
- Clade Slabyrinthulids
Webster (2007)[edit]
Introduction to Fungi, 3rd ed.
- Straminipila
- Hyphochytriomycota
- Labyrinthulomycota (= Labyrinthomorpha, Labyrinthista and Labyrinthulea) (slime nets)
- Labyrinthulomycetes (= Labyrinthulales)
- Thraustochytriomycetes (= Thraustochytriales)
- Oomycota (= Peronosporomycetes)
Anderson & Cavalier-Smith (2012)[edit]
Anderson, O. R., & Cavalier-Smith, T. (2012). Ultrastructure of Diplophrys parva, a new small freshwater species, and a revised analysis of Labyrinthulea (Heterokonta). Acta Protozoologica, 51(4), 291-304, [26].
- Heterokonta
- Phylum Bigyra
- Subphylum Sagenista
- Class Labyrinthulea (Lister 1891) Olive ex Cavalier-Smith 1986
- Order 1. Thraustochytrida Sparrow 1973
- Family 1. Thraustochytriidae Sparrow ex Cejp 1959 (Thraustochytrium, Ulkenia, Schizochytrium, Japonochytrium, Aurantiochytrium, Sicyoidochytrium, Parietichytrium, Botryochytrium)
- Family 2. Oblongichytriidae Cavalier-Smith fam. n. (Oblongichytrium)
- Family 3. Althorniidae Cavalier-Smith fam. n. (Althornia)
- Family 4. Diplophryidae Cavalier-Smith fam. n. (Diplophrys)
- Superfamily Amphifiloidea Cavalier-Smith superfam. n.
- Family 1. Amphifilidae Cavalier-Smith fam. n. (Amphifila)
- Family 2. Sorodiplophryidae Cavalier-Smith fam. n. (Sorodiplophrys)
- Order 2. Labyrinthulida Dofl ein 1901
- Family 1. Labyrinthulidae Cienkowski 1867 (Labyrinthula)
- Family 2. Aplanochytriidae Leander ex Cavalier-Smith fam. n. (Aplanochytrium)
- Order 1. Thraustochytrida Sparrow 1973
- Class Labyrinthulea (Lister 1891) Olive ex Cavalier-Smith 1986
Gomaa et al. (2013)[edit]
Gomaa, F., Mitchell, E. A., & Lara, E. (2013). Amphitremida (Poche, 1913) is a new major, ubiquitous labyrinthulomycete clade. PloS one, 8(1), e53046, [27].
- Labyrinthulomycetes/Labyrinthulea
Beakes et al. (2014)[edit]
Beakes, G. W., Honda, D. & Thines, M. (2014). Systematics of the Straminipila: Labyrinthulomycota, Hyphochytriomycota and Oomycota. In: McLaughlin, D. J. & Spatafora, J. W. (eds). The Mycota. Vol. VII. Part A. Systematics and Evolution. 2nd ed. Springer Verlag, Berlin, p. 39-97, [28].
- Kingdom Straminipila {Heterokonta}
- {Phylum Bigyra}
- {Subphylum Sagenista}
- Class Labyrinthulomycota {Labyrinthulea}
- Order Thraustochytridiales {Thraustochytrida}
- Family Thraustochytridiaceae {Thraustochytriidae}
- Family Oblongichytridiaceae {Oblongichytriidae}
- Family Althornidiaceae {Althorniidae}
- Family Diplophryidaceae {Diplophryidae}
- {Superfamily Amphifiloidea}
- Family Amphifilaceae {Amphifilidae}
- {Family Sorodiplophryidae}
- Order Labyrinthulidales {Labyrinthulida}
- Family Labyrinthulaceae {Labyrinthulidae}
- Family Aplanochytridiaceae {Aplanochytriidae}
- Order Thraustochytridiales {Thraustochytrida}
- Class Labyrinthulomycota {Labyrinthulea}
- {Subphylum Sagenista}
- {Phylum Bigyra}
[Note: names in { } are protistan nomenclatural equivalents used by Anderson & Cavalier-Smtih (2012).]
Bennett et al. (2017)[edit]
Bennett, R. M., Honda, D., Beakes, G. W. & Thines M. (2017). Labyrinthulomycota. In: Archibald, J. M., Simpson A. G. B., Slamovits, C. H. (eds) Handbook of the Protists Springer International Publishing, p. 507 - 542, [29].
- Labyrinthulomycota/Labyrinthomorpha
- Labyrinthulomycetes/Labyrinthulea
- Labyrinthulales/Labyrinthulida
- Aplanochytriaceae/Aplanochytriidae (Aplanochytrium) (including Labyrinthuloides)
- “Stellarchytriaceae/Stellarchytriidae” (Stellarchytrium)
- Labyrinthulaceae/Labyrinthulidae (Labyrinthula)
- Oblongichytridiales/Oblongichytriida
- Oblongichytridiaceae/Oblongichytriidae (Oblongichytrium)
- Thraustochytriales/Thraustochytrida
- Althornidiaceae/Althorniidae (Althornia)
- Thraustochytriacae/Thraustochytriidae (Aurantiochytrium, Botryochytrium, Japanochytrium, Monorhizochytrium, Parietichytrium, Schizochytrium, Sicyoidochytrium, Thraustochytrium, Ulkenia)
- Amphitremida
- Amphitremidae (Amphitrema, Archerella, Paramphitrema)
- Diplophrydaceae/Diplophryidae (Diplophrys)
- Amphifilida
- Amphifilaceae/Amphifilidae (Amphifila)
- Sorodiplophryidae (Fibrophrys, Sorodiplophrys)
- Labyrinthulales/Labyrinthulida
- Labyrinthulomycetes/Labyrinthulea
note: names with " " are provisional and requires deep phylogenetic study.
References[edit]
- Arx, J. A. von. 1970. The Genera of Fungi Sporulating in Pure Culture. Lehre, Germany: J. Cramer, [30].
- Bennett, R.M.; Honda, D.; Beakes, G.W.; Thines, M. 2017. Labyrinthulomycota. In: Archibald, J.M., Simpson, A.G.B., Slamovits, C. (Eds.). Handbook of the Protists. Springer, pp. 507-542. [31].
- Dick, M.W. 2001. Straminipilous Fungi. Springer. ISBN 0792367804.
- Porter, David. 2005. Labyrinthulomycetes. Version 01 January 2005 (temporary). http://tolweb.org/Labyrinthulomycetes/21791/2005.01.01 in The Tree of Life Web Project, http://tolweb.org/
- Whittaker, R. H. 1969. New concepts of kingdoms or organisms. Science 163 (3863): 150–160, [32].
Vernacular names[edit]
Deutsch: Netzschleimpilze, Schleimnetze
English: Slime nets
suomi: Labyrinttisienet
日本語: ラビリンチュラ
українська: Лабіринтуломікотові