Phalaris

Phalaris aquatica

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Poales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Monocots Cladus: Commelinids Ordo: Poales

Familia: Poaceae
Subfamilia: Pooideae
Tribus: Poeae
Subtribus: Phalaridinae
Genus: Phalaris
Species: P. amethystina – P. angusta – P. aquatica – P. arundinacea – P. brachystachys – P. californica – P. canariensis – P. caroliniana – P. coerulescens – P. lemmonii – P. lindigii – P. maderensis – P. minor – P. paradoxa – P. peruviana – P. platensis – P. truncata
Nothospecies: P. × daviesii

Source(s) of checklist:
Govaerts, R. et al. 2023. Phalaris in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2023 May 4. Reference page.

Name

Phalaris L., Sp. Pl. 1: 54 (1753), nom. cons.

• Type species: Phalaris canariensis L., Sp. Pl.: 54 (1753).

Synonyms

• Heterotypic
  • Phalaroides Wolf, Gen. Pl.: 11 (1781).
  • Typhoides Moench, Methodus: 201 (1794).
  • Baldingera G.Gaertn., B.Mey. & Scherb., Oekon. Fl. Wetterau 1: 43 (1799), nom. superfl.
  • Digraphis Trin., Fund. Agrost.: 127 (1820), nom. illeg.
  • Endallex Raf., Bull. Bot. (Geneva) 1: 220 (1830), nom. illeg.
  • Phalaridantha St.-Lag. in A.Cariot, Étude Fl., éd. 8. 2: 900 (1889), nom. superfl.

Distribution

Native distribution areas:

Continental: Europe Regional: Northern Europe Denmark, Finland, Føroyar, Great Britain, Ireland, Norway, Sweden. Regional: Middle Europe Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, Switzerland. Regional: Southwestern Europe Baleares, Corse, France, Portugal, Sardegna, Spain. Regional: Southeastern Europe Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Kriti, Romania, Sicilia, Turkey-in-Europe, Yugoslavia. Regional: Eastern Europe Belarus, Baltic States, Krym, Central European Russia, East European Russia, North European Russia, South European Russia, Northwest European Russia, Ukraine. Continental: Africa Regional: Northern Africa Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia, Western Sahara. Regional: Macaronesia Azores, Canary Islands, Madeira. Regional: West Tropical Africa Mauritania. Regional: West-Central Tropical Africa Rwanda. Regional: Northeast Tropical Africa Chad, Djibouti (introduced), Eritrea, Ethiopia, Sudan. Regional: East Tropical Africa Kenya, Tanzania. Regional: South Tropical Africa Zimbabwe (introduced). Regional: Southern Africa Cape Provinces, Lesotho, KwaZulu-Natal, Free State, Northern Provinces (introduced). Regional: Western Indian Ocean Mauritius (introduced), Madagascar, Réunion (introduced). Continental: Asia-Temperate Regional: Siberia Altay, Buryatiya, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, West Siberia, Yakutskiya. Regional: Russian Far East Amur, Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Kuril Islands, Magadan, Primorye, Sakhalin. Regional: Middle Asia Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Turkmenistan, Tadzhikistan, Uzbekistan. Regional: Caucasus North Caucasus, Transcaucasus. Regional: Western Asia Afghanistan, Cyprus, East Aegean Islands, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon-Syria, Palestine, Sinai, Turkey. Regional: Arabian Peninsula Gulf States, Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen. Regional: China China South-Central, Inner Mongolia, Manchuria, China North-Central, Qinghai, China Southeast, Xinjiang. Regional: Mongolia Mongolia. Regional: Eastern Asia Japan, Korea, Nansei-shoto (introduced), Taiwan. Continental: Asia-Tropical Regional: Indian Subcontinent East Himalaya, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, West Himalaya. Regional: Indo-China Myanmar, Vietnam. Regional: Malesia Jawa (introduced; extinct), Philippines (introduced). Regional: Papuasia New Guinea (introduced). Continental: Australasia (introduced) Regional: Australia Norfolk Islands, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia. Regional: New Zealand Chatham Islands, Kermadec Islands, New Zealand North, New Zealand South. Continental: Pacific (introduced) Regional: Southwestern Pacific New Caledonia. Regional: Northwestern Pacific Marianas. Regional: North-Central Pacific Hawaii. Continental: Northern America Regional: Subarctic America Alaska, Northwest Territories, Yukon. Regional: Western Canada Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Saskatchewan. Regional: Eastern Canada New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Québec. Regional: Northwestern U.S.A. Colorado, Idaho (introduced), Montana, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming. Regional: North-Central U.S.A. Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, North Dakota, Nebraska, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Wisconsin. Regional: Northeastern U.S.A. Connecticut, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia. Regional: Southwestern U.S.A. Arizona, California, Nevada, Utah. Regional: South-Central U.S.A. New Mexico, Texas. Regional: Southeastern U.S.A. Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, District of Columbia. Regional: Mexico Mexico Central (introduced), Mexico Northeast, Mexican Pacific Islands, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southwest, Mexico Southeast (introduced). Continental: Southern America Regional: Central America Costa Rica, Honduras (introduced). Regional: Caribbean Bermuda, Cuba, Puerto Rico (introduced). Regional: Northern South America Venezuela (introduced). Regional: Western South America Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru. Regional: Brazil Brazil Southeast, Brazil South. Regional: Southern South America Argentina Northeast, Argentina South, Argentina Northwest, Chile Central, Chile North (introduced), Chile South, Juan Fernández Islands (extinct), Paraguay, Uruguay. Continental: Antarctic Regional: Subantarctic Islands Tristan da Cunha (introduced). References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

References

Primary references

• Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum. Tomus I: 54. Reference page. 

Links

• Govaerts, R. et al. 2023. Phalaris in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2023 May 4. Reference page. 
• Tropicos.org 2023. Phalaris. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 4 May 2023.
• International Plant Names Index. 2023. Phalaris. Published online. Accessed: 4 May 2023.
• Hassler, M. 2023. World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. . Phalaris. Accessed: 4 May 2023.
• Simon, B.K., Clayton, W.D., Harman, K.T., Vorontsova, M., Brake, I., Healy, D. & Alfonso, Y. 2013. GrassWorld, Phalaris. Published online. Accessed: 2013 Dec. 17.
• USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Phalaris in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 20 March 2008.

Vernacular names

беларуская: Канарэечнік
Deutsch: Glanzgräser
suomi: Helvet
Türkçe: Kanyaş

For more multimedia, look at Phalaris on Wikimedia Commons.