Phalaris aquatica

Taxonavigation[edit]

Taxonavigation: Poales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Monocots Cladus: Commelinids Ordo: Poales

Familia: Poaceae
Subfamilia: Pooideae
Tribus: Poeae
Subtribus: Phalaridinae
Genus: Phalaris
Species: Phalaris aquatica

Name[edit]

Phalaris aquatica L., Cent. Pl. I: 4 (1755).

Synonyms[edit]

Heterotypic
- Phalaris tuberosa L., Mant. Pl. 2: 557 (1771).
- Phalaris nodosa L. in J.A.Murray (ed.), Syst. Veg., ed. 13. 2: 88 (1774), nom. superfl.
- Phalaris caespitosa Thouars, Esquisse Fl. Tristan d'Acugna: 37 (1808).
- Phalaris bulbosa Ten., Fl. Napol. 3: 60 (1824), nom. illeg.
- Phalaris aquatica var. major Willk., Suppl. Prodr. Fl. Hispan.: 9 (1893).
- Phalaris altissima Menezes, Cat. Phanerog. Madeira Porto Santo: 58 (1894).
- Phalaris tuberosa var. alata Trab. in J.A.Battandier & L.C.Trabut, Fl. Algérie, Monocot.: 140 (1895).
  - Phalaris bulbosa var. alata (Trab.) Maire & Weiller, Fl. Afrique N. 2: 18 (1953).
- Phalaris tuberosa var. hirtiglumis Trab. in J.A.Battandier & L.C.Trabut, Fl. Algérie, Monocot.: 140 (1895).
  - Phalaris tuberosa var. hirtiglumis Batt. & Trab., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 7: 395 (1885), nom. nud.
  - Phalaris bulbosa var. hirtiglumis (Trab.) Maire & Weiller, Fl. Afrique N. 2: 18 (1953).
  - Phalaris hirtiglumis (Trab.) Baldini, Webbia 47: 20 (1993).
  - Phalaris aquatica var. hirtiglumis (Trab.) Portal, Gen. Phalaris: 39 (2017).
- Phalaris stenoptera Hack., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 5: 333 (1908).
  - Phalaris tuberosa var. stenoptera (Hack.) Hitchc., J. Washington Acad. Sci. 24: 292 (1934).
  - Phalaris aquatica var. stenoptera (Hack.) Burkart, Fl. Ilustr. Entre Ríos 6: 115 (1969).
- Phalaris nodosa var. minor Lojac., Fl. Sicul. 3: 251 (1909).
- Phalaris elongata Braun-Blanq., Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 13: 21 (1933).
- Phalaris tuberosa var. clausonis Maire & Trab., Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 24: 230 (1933).
  - Phalaris bulbosa var. clausonis (Maire & Trab.) Maire & Weiller, Fl. Afrique N. 2: 18 (1953).
- Phalaris arundinacea subsp. bulbosa (L.) Paunero, Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 8: 489 (1948).
- Phalaris trabutiana Maire, Fl. Afrique N. 2: 19 (1953), no Latin descr.

Distribution[edit]

Native distribution areas:

Continental: Europe
- Regional: Southwestern Europe
  - Baleares, Corse, France, Portugal, Sardegna, Spain.
- Regional: Southeastern Europe
  - Albania, Bulgaria, Italy, Kriti, Sicilia, Turkey-in-Europe, Yugoslavia.
Continental: Africa
- Regional: Northern Africa
  - Algeria, Egypt (introduced; extinct), Libya, Morocco, Tunisia.
- Regional: Macaronesia
  - Azores (introduced), Canary Islands, Madeira.
- Regional: East Tropical Africa
  - Kenya (introduced).
- Regional: Southern Africa
  - Cape Provinces, Free State, Northern Provinces (introduced).
Continental: Asia-Temperate
- Regional: Caucasus
  - North Caucasus, Transcaucasus.
- Regional: Western Asia
  - Cyprus, East Aegean Islands, Iraq, Lebanon-Syria, Palestine, Turkey.
- Regional: China
  - China South-Central (introduced).
Continental: Asia-Tropical (introduced)
- Regional: Indian Subcontinent
  - Pakistan, West Himalaya.
- Regional: Papuasia
  - New Guinea (doubtfully present).
Continental: Australasia (introduced)
- Regional: Australia
  - Norfolk Islands, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia.
- Regional: New Zealand
  - New Zealand North, New Zealand South.
Continental: Pacific (introduced)
- Regional: Northwestern Pacific
  - Marianas.
- Regional: North-Central Pacific
  - Hawaii.
Continental: Northern America (introduced)
- Regional: Northwestern U.S.A.
  - Montana, Oregon.
- Regional: Southwestern U.S.A.
  - Arizona, California.
- Regional: South-Central U.S.A.
  - Texas.
- Regional: Southeastern U.S.A.
  - Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, District of Columbia.
- Regional: Mexico
  - Mexico Northeast.
Continental: Southern America (introduced)
- Regional: Northern South America
  - Venezuela.
- Regional: Western South America
  - Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru.
- Regional: Brazil
  - Brazil South.
- Regional: Southern South America
  - Argentina Northeast, Chile Central, Chile North, Uruguay.
Continental: Antarctic
- Regional: Subantarctic Islands
  - Tristan da Cunha (introduced).

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2^nd Edition

References[edit]

Primary references[edit]

Linnaeus, C. 1755. Centuria I. Plantarum. Upsaliae, exc. L.M. Höjer. BHL Reference page.

Links[edit]

Govaerts, R. et al. 2023. Phalaris aquatica in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2023 May 3. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2023. Phalaris aquatica. Published online. Accessed: May 3 2023.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Phalaris aquatica in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service.
Phalaris aquatica – Taxon details on Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).

Vernacular names[edit]

English: Harding Grass
Türkçe: Yumrulu kanyaş

For more multimedia, look at Phalaris aquatica on Wikimedia Commons.