Phalaris aquatica

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Poales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Monocots Cladus: Commelinids Ordo: Poales

Familia: Poaceae
Subfamilia: Pooideae
Tribus: Poeae
Subtribus: Phalaridinae
Genus: Phalaris
Species: Phalaris aquatica

Name

Phalaris aquatica L., Cent. Pl. I: 4 (1755).

Synonyms

Heterotypic
- Phalaris tuberosa L., Mant. Pl. 2: 557 (1771).
- Phalaris nodosa L. in J.A.Murray (ed.), Syst. Veg., ed. 13. 2: 88 (1774), nom. superfl.
- Phalaris caespitosa Thouars, Esquisse Fl. Tristan d'Acugna: 37 (1808).
- Phalaris bulbosa Ten., Fl. Napol. 3: 60 (1824), nom. illeg.
- Phalaris aquatica var. major Willk., Suppl. Prodr. Fl. Hispan.: 9 (1893).
- Phalaris altissima Menezes, Cat. Phanerog. Madeira Porto Santo: 58 (1894).
- Phalaris tuberosa var. alata Trab. in J.A.Battandier & L.C.Trabut, Fl. Algérie, Monocot.: 140 (1895).
  - Phalaris bulbosa var. alata (Trab.) Maire & Weiller, Fl. Afrique N. 2: 18 (1953).
- Phalaris tuberosa var. hirtiglumis Trab. in J.A.Battandier & L.C.Trabut, Fl. Algérie, Monocot.: 140 (1895).
  - Phalaris tuberosa var. hirtiglumis Batt. & Trab., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 7: 395 (1885), nom. nud.
  - Phalaris bulbosa var. hirtiglumis (Trab.) Maire & Weiller, Fl. Afrique N. 2: 18 (1953).
  - Phalaris hirtiglumis (Trab.) Baldini, Webbia 47: 20 (1993).
  - Phalaris aquatica var. hirtiglumis (Trab.) Portal, Gen. Phalaris: 39 (2017).
- Phalaris stenoptera Hack., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 5: 333 (1908).
  - Phalaris tuberosa var. stenoptera (Hack.) Hitchc., J. Washington Acad. Sci. 24: 292 (1934).
  - Phalaris aquatica var. stenoptera (Hack.) Burkart, Fl. Ilustr. Entre Ríos 6: 115 (1969).
- Phalaris nodosa var. minor Lojac., Fl. Sicul. 3: 251 (1909).
- Phalaris elongata Braun-Blanq., Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 13: 21 (1933).
- Phalaris tuberosa var. clausonis Maire & Trab., Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 24: 230 (1933).
  - Phalaris bulbosa var. clausonis (Maire & Trab.) Maire & Weiller, Fl. Afrique N. 2: 18 (1953).
- Phalaris arundinacea subsp. bulbosa (L.) Paunero, Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 8: 489 (1948).
- Phalaris trabutiana Maire, Fl. Afrique N. 2: 19 (1953), no Latin descr.

Distribution

Native distribution areas:

Continental: Europe
- Regional: Southwestern Europe
  - Baleares, Corse, France, Portugal, Sardegna, Spain.
- Regional: Southeastern Europe
  - Albania, Bulgaria, Italy, Kriti, Sicilia, Turkey-in-Europe, Yugoslavia.
Continental: Africa
- Regional: Northern Africa
  - Algeria, Egypt (introduced; extinct), Libya, Morocco, Tunisia.
- Regional: Macaronesia
  - Azores (introduced), Canary Islands, Madeira.
- Regional: East Tropical Africa
  - Kenya (introduced).
- Regional: Southern Africa
  - Cape Provinces, Free State, Northern Provinces (introduced).
Continental: Asia-Temperate
- Regional: Caucasus
  - North Caucasus, Transcaucasus.
- Regional: Western Asia
  - Cyprus, East Aegean Islands, Iraq, Lebanon-Syria, Palestine, Turkey.
- Regional: China
  - China South-Central (introduced).
Continental: Asia-Tropical (introduced)
- Regional: Indian Subcontinent
  - Pakistan, West Himalaya.
- Regional: Papuasia
  - New Guinea (doubtfully present).
Continental: Australasia (introduced)
- Regional: Australia
  - Norfolk Islands, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia.
- Regional: New Zealand
  - New Zealand North, New Zealand South.
Continental: Pacific (introduced)
- Regional: Northwestern Pacific
  - Marianas.
- Regional: North-Central Pacific
  - Hawaii.
Continental: Northern America (introduced)
- Regional: Northwestern U.S.A.
  - Montana, Oregon.
- Regional: Southwestern U.S.A.
  - Arizona, California.
- Regional: South-Central U.S.A.
  - Texas.
- Regional: Southeastern U.S.A.
  - Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, District of Columbia.
- Regional: Mexico
  - Mexico Northeast.
Continental: Southern America (introduced)
- Regional: Northern South America
  - Venezuela.
- Regional: Western South America
  - Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru.
- Regional: Brazil
  - Brazil South.
- Regional: Southern South America
  - Argentina Northeast, Chile Central, Chile North, Uruguay.
Continental: Antarctic
- Regional: Subantarctic Islands
  - Tristan da Cunha (introduced).

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2^nd Edition

References

Primary references

Linnaeus, C. 1755. Centuria I. Plantarum. Upsaliae, exc. L.M. Höjer. BHL Reference page.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2023. Phalaris aquatica in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2023 May 3. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2023. Phalaris aquatica. Published online. Accessed: May 3 2023. Reference page.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Phalaris aquatica in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service.
Phalaris aquatica – Taxon details on Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).

Vernacular names

English: Harding Grass
Türkçe: Yumrulu kanyaş