Crotalus

Crotalus horridus

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Viperoidea

Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Animalia Subregnum: Eumetazoa Cladus: Bilateria Cladus: Nephrozoa Superphylum: Deuterostomia Phylum: Chordata Cladus: Craniata Subphylum: Vertebrata Infraphylum: Gnathostomata Superclassis: Tetrapoda Cladus: Reptiliomorpha Cladus: Amniota Classis: Reptilia Cladus: Eureptilia Cladus: Romeriida Subclassis: Diapsida Cladus: Sauria Infraclassis: Lepidosauromorpha Superordo: Lepidosauria Ordo: Squamata Subordo: Serpentes Infraordo: Caenophidia Superfamilia: Viperoidea

Familia: Viperidae
Subfamilia: Crotalinae
Genus: Crotalus
Species (53): C. adamanteus – C. angelensis – C. aquilus – C. armstrongi – C. atrox – C. basiliscus – C. campbelli – C. catalinensis – C. cerastes – C. cerberus – C. concolor – C. culminatus – C. durissus – c. ehecatl – C. enyo – C. ericsmithi – C. estebanensis – C. helleri – C. horridus – C. intermedius – C. lannomi – C. lepidus – C. lorenzoensis – C. lutosus – C. mictlantecuhtli – C. mitchellii – C. molossus – C. morulus – C. oreganus – C. ornatus – C. polisi – C. polystictus – C. pricei – C. pusillus – C. pyrrhus – C. ravus – C. ruber – C. scutulatus – C. simus – C. stejnegeri – C. stephensi – C. tancitarensis – C. thalassoporus – C. tigris – C. tlaloci – C. totonacus – C. transversus – C. triseriatus – C. tzabcan – C. unicolor – C. vegrandis – C. viridis – C. willardi

Name

Crotalus Linnaeus, 1758: 214 [conserved name]

• Type species: Crotalus horridus Linnaeus, 1758, by subsequent designation by Fitzinger (1843: 29).
• Gender: masculine.
• Placed on the Official List of Generic Names in Zoology by Opinion 92 (1926: 3) and Direction 56 (1956: 356).

Synonymy

• Crotalophorus Houttuyn, 1764: 290
  • Type species: Crotalus horridus Linnaeus, 1758, by subsequent designation.
• Caudisona Laurenti, 1768: 92
  • Type species: Caudisona terrifica Laurenti, 1768, by subsequent designation.
• Crotalinus Rafinesque, 1815: 77 [emendation of Crotalus Linnaeus, 1758]
• Crotalurus Rafinesque, 1820: 5 [emendation of Crotalinus Rafinesque, 1815]
• Uropsophus Wagler, 1830: 176
  • Type species: Uropsophus triseriatus Wagler, 1830, by monotypy.
• Urocrotalon Fitzinger, 1843: 29 [as subgenus]
  • Type species: Crotalus durissus Linnaeus, 1758, by original designation.
• Aploaspis Cope, 1867: 310
  • Type species: Caudisona lepida Kennicott, 1861, by original designation.
• Aechmophrys Coues in Wheeler, 1875: 609 [as subgenus]
  • Type species: Crotalus cerastes Hallowell, 1854, by monotypy.
• Haploaspis Cope, 1884: 13 [emendation of Aploaspis Cope, 1867]
• Paracrotalus Reuss, 1930: 88
  • Type species: Caudisona terrifica Laurenti, 1768, by original designation.

References

Primary references

• Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio Decima, Reformata. Tomus I. Holmiæ (Stockholm): impensis direct. Laurentii Salvii. 824 pp. DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542 BHL Reference page. 
• Houttuyn, M. 1764. Naturlyke of uitvoerige Beschryving der Dieren, Planten en Mineraalen, volgens het Samenstel van den Heer Linnaeus. Eerste Deels, zesde Stuk. Dieren van beiderley Leeven. Amsterdam: published by the author. (iv) + 560p. BHL Reference page. 
• Laurenti, J.N. 1768. Specimen medicum, exhibens synopsin reptilium emendatam cum experimentis circa venena et antidota reptilium austracorum, quod authoritate et consensu (In Latin). Joan Thomae: Vienna. 217 pp. BHL Reference page. 
• Rafinesque, C.S. 1815. Analyse de la nature, ou tableau de l'univers et des corps organisés. Palerme: L'Imprimerie de Jean Barravecchia. 224 pp. BHL Reference page. 
• Rafinesque, C.S. 1820. Annals of nature or annual synopsis of new genera and species of animals, plants, &c. discovered in North America. T. Smith: Lexington, Kentucky. 16 pp. BHL Reference page. 
• Wagler, J.G. 1830. Natürliches System der Amphibien, mit vorangehender Classification der Säugetiere und Vögel. Ein Beitrag zur vergleichenden Zoologie.. J.G. Cotta'schen Buchhandlung: München, Stuttgart, & Tübingen. 354 pp. BHL Reference page. 
• Fitzinger, L. 1843. Systema Reptilium. Fasciculus primus. Amblyglossae. Braumüller et Seidel: Wien. vi + 106 pp. BHL Reference page. 
• International Commisision on Zoological Nomenclature 1926. Opinion 92. Sixteen generic names of Pisces, Amphibia, and Reptilia placed in the Official List of Generic Names. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 73(4): 3–4. BHL Reference page. 
• International Commisision on Zoological Nomenclature 1956. Direction 56. Completion and in certain cases correction of entries relating to the names of genera belonging to the classers Pisces, Amphibia and Reptilia made in the Official List of Generic Names in Zoology in the period up to the end of 1936. Opinions and declarations rendered by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1D(17): 337–364. BHL Reference page. 

Additional references

• McDiarmid, R.W., Campbell, J.A. & Touré, T.A. 1999. Snake Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Volume 1. Herpetologists’ League. 511 pp. ISBN 9781893777002 Reference page. 
• Murphy, R.W., Fu, J.-Z., Lathrop, A., Feltham, J.V. & Kovac, V. 2002. Phylogeny of the rattlesnakes (Crotalus and Sistrurus) inferred from sequences of five mitochondrial DNA genes. pp. 69–92 In Schuett, G.W., Hoggren, M., Douglas, M.E. & Greene, H.W. (eds.). Biology of the Vipers. Eagle Mountain Press: Salt Lake City, Utah. ISBN 9780972015400 Reference page. 
• Campbell, J.A. & Lamar, W.W. 2004. The Venomous Reptiles of the Western Hemisphere. 2 Volumes. Cornell University Press: Ithaca, New York. 1032 pp. ISBN 9780801441417 Reference page. 
• Savage, J.M., Campbell, J.A. & Lamar, W.W. 2005. On the names for Neotropical Rattlesnakes (Reptilia, Serpentes, Viperidae, Crotalus). Herpetological Review 36(4): 369–371. Reference page. 
• Wüster, W., Ferguson, J.E., Quijada-Mascareñas, J.A., Pook, C.E., Salomão, M.G. & Thorpe, R.S. 2005. Tracing an invasion: landbridges, refugia, and the phylogeography of the Neotropical rattlesnake (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalus durissus). Molecular Ecology 14(4): 1095–1108. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02471.x Reference page. 
• Campbell, J.A. & Flores-Villela, O. 2008. A new long-tailed rattlesnake (Viperidae) from Guerrero, Mexico. Herpetologica 64(2): 254–265. DOI: 10.1655/07-054.1 Reference page. 
• Anderson, C.G. & Greenbaum, E. 2012. Phylogeography of northern populations of the black-tailed rattlesnake (Crotalus molossus Baird and Girard, 1853), with the revalidation of C. ornatus Hallowell, 1854. Herpetological Monographs 36: 369–371.
• Wüster, W. & Bérnils, R.S. 2011. On the generic classification of the rattlesnakes, with special reference to the Neotropical Crotalus durissus complex (Squamata: Viperidae). Zoologia 28(4): 417–419. DOI: 10.1590/S1984-46702011000400001 Reference page. 
• Kaiser, H., Crother, B.I., Kelly, C.M.R., Luiselli, L., O’Shea, M., Ota, H., Passos, P., Schleip, W.D. & Wüster, W. 2013. Best practices: in the 21st Century, taxonomic decisions in herpetology are acceptable only when supported by a body of evidence and published via peer-review. Herpetological Review 44(1): 8–23. PDF Reference page. 
• Bryson, R.W., Linkem, C.W., Dorcas, M.E., Lathrop, A., Jones, J.M., Alvarado-Díaz, J., Grünwald, C.I. & Murphy, R.W. 2014. Multilocus species delimitation in the Crotalus triseriatus species group (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae), with the description of two new species. Zootaxa 3826(3): 475–496. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3826.3.3 Reference page. 
• Wallach, V., Williams, K.L. & Boundy, J. 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group: Boca Raton, Florida. 1237 pp. ISBN 9781138034006 ebook Reference page. 
• Meik, J.M., Streicher, J.W., Lawing, A.M., Flores-Villela, O. & Fujita, M.K. 2015. Limitations of Climatic Data for Inferring Species Boundaries: Insights from Speckled Rattlesnakes. PLoS One 10(6): e0131435. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131435 Reference page. 
• Meik, J.M., Schaack, S., Flores-Villela, O. & Streicher, J.W. 2018. Integrative taxonomy at the nexus of population divergence and speciation in insular speckled rattlesnakes. Journal of Natural History 52(13–16): 989–1016. DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2018.1429689 Reference page. 
• Carbajal-Márquez, R.A., Cedeño-Vázquez, J.R., Martínez-Arce, A., Neri-Castro, E. & Machkour-M’Rabet, S.C. 2020. Accessing cryptic diversity in Neotropical rattlesnakes (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalus) with the description of two new species. Zootaxa 4729(4): 451–481. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4729.4.1 Reference page. 

Links

• Uetz, P. & Hallermann, J. 2021. Crotalus . The Reptile Database. Accessed on 10 July 2020.
• Crotalus – Taxon details on Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).

Vernacular names

беларуская: Грымучнікі сапраўдныя
Deutsch: Klapperschlangen
English: Rattlesnakes
español: Serpientes de cascabel
magyar: Csörgőkígyók
Nederlands: Ratelslang
português: Cascavéis
ไทย: งูหางกระดิ่ง

For more multimedia, look at Crotalus on Wikimedia Commons.