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Cenchrus americanus

From Wikispecies
Pearl millet early grain fill

Taxonavigation

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Taxonavigation: Poales 
Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Diaphoretickes
Cladus: CAM
Cladus: Archaeplastida
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Monocots
Cladus: Commelinids
Ordo: Poales

Familia: Poaceae
Subfamilia: Panicoideae
Tribus: Paniceae
Subtribus: Cenchrinae
Genus: Cenchrus
Species: Cenchrus americanus

Name

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Cenchrus americanus (L.) Morrone, Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 106: 127. (2010)

Synonyms

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  • Basionym
    • Panicum americanum L., Sp. Pl.: 56. (1753)
  • Homotypic
    • Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke, Z. Naturwiss. 79: 52. (1907)
  • Heterotypic
    • Panicum glaucum L., Sp. Pl.: 56 (1753).
    • Holcus spicatus L., Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 2: 1305 (1759).
    • Panicum indicum Mill., Gard. Dict. ed. 8: n.° 3 (1763).
    • Alopecurus typhoides Burm.f., Fl. Indica: 27 (1768), nom. superfl.
    • Panicum coeruleum Mill., Gard. Dict. ed. 8: n.° 5 (1768).
    • Panicum lutescens Weigel, Observ. Bot.: 20 (1772), nom. superfl.
    • Holcus racemosus Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 175 (1775).
    • Panicum sericeum Aiton, Hort. Kew. 1: 88 (1789).
    • Phleum africanum Lour., Fl. Cochinch.: 48 (1790).
    • Cenchrus spicatus (L.) Cav., Descr. Pl.: 304 (1802).
    • Pennisetum typhoideum Rich. in C.H.Persoon, Syn. Pl. 1: 72 (1805), nom. superfl.
    • Penicillaria spicata (L.) Willd., Enum. Pl.: 1037 (1809).
    • Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland.: 195 (1810).
    • Penicillaria solitaria Stokes, Bot. Mat. Med. 1: 129 (1812).
    • Pennisetum solitarium Stokes, Bot. Mat. Med. 1: 129 (1812).
    • Setaria sericea (Aiton) P.Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr.: 51 (1812).
    • Panicum spicatum (L.) Roxb., Hort. Bengal.: 7 (1814).
    • Panicum involucratum Roxb., Fl. Ind. 1: 287 (1820).
    • Andropogon racemosus (Forssk.) Poir. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot. 1: 412 (1821), pro syn.
    • Penicillaria involucrata (Roxb.) Schult., Mant. 2: 283 (1824).
    • Panicum alopecuroides J.Koenig ex Trin., Gram. Panic.: 162 (1826), pro syn.
    • Panicum holcoides Trin., Gram. Panic.: 163 (1826), pro syn.
    • Penicillaria plukenetii Link, Hort. Berol. 1: 221 (1827), nom. superfl.
    • Pennisetum aureum Link, Hort. Berol. 1: 215 (1827).
    • Pennisetum cereale Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 3(2): 185 (1834).
    • Setaria rufa Chevall., Fl. Gén. Env. Paris, ed. 2, 2: 148 (1836), nom. superfl.
    • Panicum compressum Balb. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 254 (1841), pro syn.
    • Pennisetum giganteum Ten. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 297 (1841), pro syn.
    • Cenchrus paniceus B.Heyne ex Wall., Numer. List: n.° 8650 (1848), nom. nud.
    • Penicillaria elongata Schrad. ex Schltdl., Linnaea 25: 560, 563 (1853), nom. nud.
    • Penicillaria nigritarum Schltdl., Linnaea 25: 561 (1853).
    • Penicillaria typhoidea Schltdl., Linnaea 25: 559 (1853), nom. superfl.
    • Cenchrus pycnostachyus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 109 (1854), nom. nud.
    • Pennisetum megastachyum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 108 (1854).
    • Penicillaria arabica A.Braun, Index Seminum (B, Berolinensis) 1855(App.): 23 (1855).
    • Penicillaria deflexa Andersson ex A.Braun, Index Seminum (B, Berolinensis) 1855(App.): 25 (1855).
    • Penicillaria indica A.Braun, Index Seminum (B, Berolinensis) 1855(App.): 26 (1855), nom. superfl.
    • Penicillaria macrostachya Klotzsch ex A.Braun, Index Seminum (B, Berolinensis) 1855(App.): 25 (1855), nom. superfl.
    • Penicillaria mossambicensis A.Braun, Index Seminum (B, Berolinensis) 1855(App.): 25 (1855).
    • Penicillaria roxburghii A.Braun, Index Seminum (B, Berolinensis) 1855(App.): 26 (1855), nom. superfl.
    • Penicillaria willdenowii Klotzsch ex A.Braun, Index Seminum (B, Berolinensis) 1855(App.): 25 (1855).
    • Pennisetum indicum A.Braun, Index Seminum (B, Berolinensis) 1855(App.): 25 (1855), nom. nud.
    • Pennisetum spicatum (L.) Körn. in F.A.Körnicke & H.Werner, Handb. Getreidebaus 1: 284 (1885).
    • Chamaeraphis glauca (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 771 (1891).
    • Pennisetum nigritarum (Schltdl.) T.Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afric. 5: 781 (1894).
    • Pennisetum nigritarum var. deflexum (Andersson ex A.Braun) T.Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afric. 5: 781 (1894).
    • Pennisetum nigritarum var. macrostachyum T.Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afric. 5: 781 (1894), not validly publ.
    • Pennisetum plukenetii (Link) T.Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afric. 5: 782 (1894).
    • Pennisetum spicatum var. typhoideum T.Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afric. 5: 785 (1894), not validly publ.
    • Ixophorus glaucus (L.) Nash, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 22: 428 (1895).
    • Pennisetum spicatum var. echinurus K.Schum. in H.G.A.Engler, Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas, B: 55 (1895).
    • Pennisetum spicatum var. longipedunculatum K.Schum. in H.G.A.Engler, Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas, B: 55 (1895).
    • Pennisetum spicatum var. macrostachyum K.Schum. in H.G.A.Engler, Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas, B: 55 (1895).
    • Pennisetum spicatum subsp. willdenowii (Klotzsch ex A.Braun) K.Schum. in H.G.A.Engler, Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas, B: 54 (1895).
    • Holcus paniciformis Roxb. ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 7: 82 (1896), pro syn.
    • Setaria lutescens var. macrocarpa Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 7: 79 (1896).
    • Setaria lutescens var. parviflora Munro ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 7: 79 (1896).
    • Chaetochloa glauca (L.) Scribn., Bull. Div. Agrostol. U.S.D.A. 4: 39 (1897).
    • Pennisetum typhoideum var. echinurus (K.Schum.) Rendle in W.P.Hiern, Cat. Afr. Pl. 2: 191 (1899).
    • Pennisetum typhoideum var. plukenetii (Link) Rendle in W.P.Hiern, Cat. Afr. Pl. 2: 192 (1899).
    • Pennisetum americanum f. echinurus (K.Schum.) Leeke, Z. Naturwiss. 79: 63 (1907).
    • Chaetochloa lutescens Stuntz, Invent. Seeds U.S.D.A. Bur. Pl. Industr. 31: 86 (1914), nom. superfl.
    • Setariopsis glauca (L.) Samp., Herb. Port., Apend 2: 4 (1914).
    • Setaria lutescens F.T.Hubb., Rhodora 18: 232 (1916), nom. superfl.
    • Pennisetum albicauda Stapf & C.E.Hubb., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1933: 294 (1933).
    • Pennisetum ancylochaete Stapf & C.E.Hubb., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1933: 294 (1933).
    • Pennisetum cinereum Stapf & C.E.Hubb., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1933: 298 (1933).
    • Pennisetum echinurus (K.Schum.) Stapf & C.E.Hubb., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1933: 270 (1933).
    • Pennisetum gambiense Stapf & C.E.Hubb., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1933: 297 (1933).
    • Pennisetum gibbosum Stapf & C.E.Hubb., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1933: 299 (1933).
    • Pennisetum leonis Stapf & C.E.Hubb., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1933: 296 (1933).
    • Pennisetum maiwa Stapf & C.E.Hubb., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1933: 297 (1933).
    • Pennisetum malacochaete Stapf & C.E.Hubb., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1933: 295 (1933).
    • Pennisetum pycnostachyum Stapf & C.E.Hubb., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1933: 270 (1933).
    • Pennisetum americanum subsp. spicatum (L.) Maire & Weiller, Fl. Afrique N. 1: 339 (1952).
    • Pennisetum americanum subsp. typhoideum Maire & Weiller, Fl. Afrique N. 1: 339 (1952), nom. superfl.
    • Pennisetum americanum convar. spicatum (L.) Tzvelev, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 8: 72 (1971).
    • Pennisetum americanum convar. typhoides Tzvelev, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 8: 72 (1971), nom. superfl.

Distribution

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Native distribution areas:
  • Continental: Africa
    • Regional: Western USA
      • Angola, Benin, Burkina, Cameroon, Congo, Gabon, Nigeria, Togo
    • Regional: Central USA
      • Central African Republic, Chad, DR Congo, Malawi, Zambia
    • Regional: Eastern USA
      • Mozambique
    • Introduced into:
      • Afghanistan, Alabama, Amur, Andaman Is., Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Argentina South, Arizona, Arkansas, Assam, Baltic States, Bangladesh, Belarus, Botswana, Brazil North, Brazil Northeast, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central, Burundi, California, Central European Russia, Chile Central, Chile North, China North-Central, Colombia, Colorado, Comoros, Connecticut, Cuba, Cyprus, Delaware, District of Columbia, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, East Aegean Is., East European Russia, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Eritrea, Fiji, Florida, Gambia, Georgia, Great Britain, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, India, Indiana, Iowa, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Ivory Coast, Japan, Jawa, Kamchatka, Kansas, Kazakhstan, Kazan-retto, Kentucky, Khabarovsk, Kirgizstan, Korea, Krym, Kuril Is., Kuwait, KwaZulu-Natal, Lebanon-Syria, Leeward Is., Libya, Louisiana, Madagascar, Magadan, Maine, Mali, Marianas, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico Central, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Southwest, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Mongolia, Montana, Morocco, Myanmar, Namibia, Nansei-shoto, Nebraska, Nepal, Nevada, New Caledonia, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, New Zealand North, Niger, North Carolina, North Dakota, North European Russia, Northern Provinces, Northwest European Russia, Ogasawara-shoto, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oman, Oregon, Pakistan, Palestine, Paraguay, Pennsylvania, Primorye, Puerto Rico, Rhode I., Rodrigues, Réunion, Sakhalin, Sardegna, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, South Carolina, South Dakota, South European Russia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan-South Sudan, Tadzhikistan, Tanzania, Tennessee, Texas, Transcaucasus, Turkmenistan, Türkiye, Türkiye-in-Europe, Ukraine, Utah, Uzbekistan, Vermont, Vietnam, Virginia, Washington, West Himalaya, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming, Yemen

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

References

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Primary references

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Additional references

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  • Berry, M. (2025). Adventives & aliens news 35. B.S.B.I. News 159: 47-57.
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Vernacular names

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  • беларуская: Мяшэй шызы
  • bamanankan: Ɲɔ, Saɲɔ
  • Deutsch: Perlhirse
  • English: Pearl Millet, Yellow Foxtail
  • Fulfulde: Gawri
  • suomi: Helmisulkahirssi
  • français: Millet perle
  • Hausa: Gero
  • 日本語: トウジンビエ
  • Nederlands: geelrode naaldaar
  • português: Mexoeira
  • தமிழ்: கம்பு
  • తెలుగు: సజ్జలు
  • Türkçe: Hint darısı
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