Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccum

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Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccum
Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccum

Taxonavigation

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Taxonavigation: Poales 
Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Monocots
Cladus: Commelinids
Ordo: Poales

Familia: Poaceae
Subfamilia: Pooideae
Tribus: Hordeeae
Genus: Triticum
Species: Triticum turgidum
Subspecies: Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccum

Name

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Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccum (Schrank ex Schübl.) Thell., 1918

Synonyms

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  • Homotypic
    • Gigachilon polonicum subsp. dicoccum (Schrank ex Schübl.) Á.Löve in Feddes Repert. 95: 497 (1984)
    • Triticum aestivum var. dicoccum (Schrank ex Schübl.) Fiori in A.Fiori & al., Fl. Anal. Italia 1: 108 (1896)
    • Triticum aestivum subsp. dicoccum (Schrank ex Schübl.) Thell. in Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Math. Cherbourg 38: 141 (1912)
    • Triticum dicoccum Schrank ex Schübl. in Diss. Char. Descr. Cereal.: 29 (1818)
    • Triticum monococcum var. dicoccum (Schrank ex Schübl.) P.Vilm. in Hort. Vilm.: 328 (1905)
    • Triticum sativum subsp. dicoccum (Schrank ex Schübl.) Hack. in H.G.A.Engler & K.A.E.Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 2(2): 81, 84 (1887)
    • Triticum spelta subsp. dicoccum (Schrank ex Schübl.) Husn. in Graminées: 81 (1899)
    • Triticum vulgare subsp. dicoccum (Schrank ex Schübl.) Körn. in F.A.Körnicke & H.Werner, Handb. Getreidebaus 1: 41, 81 (1885)
    • Triticum vulgare convar. dicoccum (Schrank ex Schübl.) Alef. in Landw. Fl.: 331 (1866)
  • Heterotypic
    • Spelta amylea (Ser.) Ser. in Ann. Sci. Phys. Nat. Lyon 5: 114 (1842)
    • Triticum amyleum Ser. in Mélanges Bot. 1: 124 (1818)
    • Triticum amyleum var. atratum (Host) Link in Hort. Berol. 1: 30 (1827)
    • Triticum armeniacum (Stolet.) Nevski in V.L.Komarov (ed.), Fl. URSS 2: 683 (1934)
    • Triticum arras Hochst. in Flora 31: 450 (1848)
    • Triticum atratum Host in Icon. Descr. Gram. Austriac. 4: 5 (1809)
    • Triticum cienfuegos Lag. in Gen. Sp. Pl.: 6 (1816)
    • Triticum dicoccon Schrank in Baier. Fl. 1: 389 (1789), nom. provis.
    • Triticum dicoccum var. ajar Percival in Wheat Pl.: 193 (1921)
    • Triticum dicoccum f. armeniacum Stolet. in Trudy Prikl. Bot. Selekts. 14(1): 91, 110 (1925)
    • Triticum dicoccum var. arpurunial Gandilyan in Byull. Vsesoyuzn. Ordena Lenina Ordena Druzhby Narodov Nauchno-Issl. Inst. Rasteniev. N. I. Vavilova 65: 74 (1976)
    • Triticum dicoccum subsp. asiaticum Vavilov in Trudy Prikl. Bot. 51: 224 (1931)
    • Triticum dicoccum var. atratum (Host) Schrad. in Linnaea 12: 465 (1838)
    • Triticum dicoccum subsp. atratum (Host) Dumort. in Observ. Gramin. Belg.: 145 (1824)
    • Triticum dicoccum subsp. azerbadzhanicum Dorof. & Laptev in Vestn. Sel'skohoz. Nauki 5: 30 (1967), no type indicated.
    • Triticum dicoccum var. carabahicum Dorof. & Laptev in Vestn. Sel'skohoz. Nauki 5: 30 (1967), no type indicated.
    • Triticum dicoccum var. caucasicum (Stolet.) Flaksb. in Trudy Prikl. Bot. 19(1): 503 (1928)
    • Triticum dicoccum f. caucasicum Stolet. in Trudy Prikl. Bot. Selekts. 14(1): 90, 110 (1925)
    • Triticum dicoccum var. cetae Gasan. & L.V.Semenova in Metodol. & Metodika Nauchn. Issl. Obl. Biol. & Ekol. Obrazov. 2: 149 (2003)
    • Triticum dicoccum subsp. europaeum Vavilov in Trudy Prikl. Bot. 51: 224 (1931)
    • Triticum dicoccum subsp. eurorum Flaksb. in E.V.Wulff (ed.), Kul't. Fl. SSSR 1: 296 (1935)
    • Triticum dicoccum var. farrum (Bayle-Bar.) Körn. in F.A.Körnicke & H.Werner, Handb. Getreidebaus 1: 84 (1885)
    • Triticum dicoccum grex farrum (Bayle-Bar.) Flaksb. in E.V.Wulff (ed.), Kul't. Fl. SSSR 1: 306 (1935)
    • Triticum dicoccum var. italicum K.Hammer in S.Padulosi, K.Hammer & J.Heller (eds.), Hulled Wheats: 18 (1996)
    • Triticum dicoccum var. jakubzineri Udachin in Trudy Prikl. Bot. 56(2): 149 (1976)
    • Triticum dicoccum var. mustafaevii Gasan. & L.V.Semenova in Gertsenovskie Chteniya 4: 14 (2004)
    • Triticum dicoccum var. nigralbimuticum Mustafaev & Ali-Zade in Trudy Prikl. Bot. 68(1): 137 (1980)
    • Triticum dicoccum var. nigrirubrimuticum Mustafaev & Ali-Zade in Trudy Prikl. Bot. 68(1): 137 (1980)
    • Triticum dicoccum var. nigrum Mustafaev & Ali-Zade in Trudy Prikl. Bot. 68(1): 137 (1980)
    • Triticum dicoccum subsp. nudicoccon Kobyl. & Smekalova in Trudy Prikl. Bot., Genet. Selekc. Prilozn 180: 150 (2019)
    • Triticum dicoccum var. peterburghum Gasan. & Krjukova in Metodol. & Metodika Nauchn. Issl. Obl. Biol. & Ekol. Obrazov. 2: 149 (2003)
    • Triticum dicoccum var. pseudoalbifumidum Mustafaev & Ali-Zade in Trudy Prikl. Bot. 68(1): 137 (1980)
    • Triticum dicoccum var. pseudoalbispicatum Mustafaev & Ali-Zade in Trudy Prikl. Bot. 68(1): 137 (1980)
    • Triticum dicoccum var. pseudoerythrurum Mustafaev & Ali-Zade in Trudy Prikl. Bot. 68(1): 138 (1980)
    • Triticum dicoccum var. pseudonigralbum Mustafaev & Ali-Zade in Trudy Prikl. Bot. 68(1): 137 (1980)
    • Triticum dicoccum var. pseudonigrirubrum Mustafaev & Ali-Zade in Trudy Prikl. Bot. 68(1): 138 (1980)
    • Triticum dicoccum var. pseudorubrispicatum Mustafaev & Ali-Zade in Trudy Prikl. Bot. 68(1): 138 (1980)
    • Triticum dicoccum var. pseudouncinatum Percival in Wheat Pl.: 195 (1921)
    • Triticum dicoccum var. rubrifumidum Mustafaev & Ali-Zade in Trudy Prikl. Bot. 68(1): 138 (1980)
    • Triticum dicoccum var. rubrimuticum Mustafaev & Ali-Zade in Trudy Prikl. Bot. 68(1): 138 (1980)
    • Triticum dicoccum var. rubrispicatum Mustafaev & Ali-Zade in Trudy Prikl. Bot. 68(1): 138 (1980)
    • Triticum dicoccum var. rubrospicalbum Gasan. & L.V.Semenova in Gertsenovskie Chteniya 4: 14 (2004)
    • Triticum dicoccum var. rufescens Percival in Wheat Pl.: 196 (1921)
    • Triticum dicoccum subsp. subspontaneum Tzvelev in Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 10: 41 (1973)
    • Triticum dicoccum f. supatoshvilii Supat. in Bull. Exp. Agron. Inst. Ga. 1: 92 (1929)
    • Triticum dicoccum var. taschkentum Udachin in Trudy Prikl. Bot. 56(2): 150 (1976)
    • Triticum dicoccum var. tomentosum Percival in Wheat Pl.: 195 (1921)
    • Triticum dicoccum subsp. tricoccum (Schübl.) Schübl. & G.Martens in Fl. Würtemberg: 46 (1834)
    • Triticum dicoccum var. turgidoides Mustafaev & Ali-Zade in Trudy Prikl. Bot. 68(1): 138 (1980)
    • Triticum dicoccum convar. turgidoides Mustafaev & Ali-Zade in Trudy Prikl. Bot. 68(1): 137 (1980)
    • Triticum dicoccum var. uncinatum Percival in Wheat Pl.: 194 (1921)
    • Triticum dicoccum f. volgense Flaksb. in Opred. Nast. Chlebov 5: 24 (1923)
    • Triticum dicoccum subsp. volgense (Flaksb.) Tzvelev in Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 10: 41 (1973)
    • Triticum farrum Bayle-Bar. in Monog. Agron. Cereal.: 50 (1809)
    • Triticum gaertnerianum Lag. in Gen. Sp. Pl.: 6 (1816)
    • Triticum immaturatum Flaksb. in Trudy Byuro Prikl. Bot. 8: 500 (1915), nom. nud.
    • Triticum maturatum Flaksb. in Trudy Byuro Prikl. Bot. 8: 500 (1915), nom. nud.
    • Triticum monococcum var. majus Dum.Cours. in Bot. Cult., ed. 2, 2: 110 (1811)
    • Triticum subspontaneum (Tzvelev) Czerep. in Sosud. Rast. SSSR: 392 (1981)
    • Triticum tricoccum Schübl. in Flora 3: 458 (1820)
    • Triticum turgidum subsp. asiaticum (Vavilov) H.Scholz in Willdenowia 40: 202 (2010)
    • Triticum turgidum subsp. subspontaneum (Tzvelev) Valdés & H.Scholz in Willdenowia 36: 661 (2006)
    • Triticum turgidum subsp. volgense (Flaksb.) Á.Löve in Bot. Not. 114: 49 (1961)
    • Triticum unibarbe Desv. in Mém. Soc. Agric. Angers 1: 245 (1833)
    • Triticum volgense (Flaksb.) Nevski in V.L.Komarov (ed.), Fl. URSS 2: 683 (1934)
    • Triticum vulgare subsp. amyleum (Ser.) P.Vilm. in Hort. Vilm.: 328 (1905)
    • Triticum vulgare var. atratum (Host) Alef. in Landw. Fl.: 333 (1866)
    • Triticum vulgare var. brunneum Alef. in Landw. Fl.: 331 (1866)
    • Triticum vulgare var. cladura Alef. in Landw. Fl.: 333 (1866)
    • Triticum vulgare var. farrum (Bayle-Bar.) Alef. in Landw. Fl.: 331 (1866)
    • Triticum vulgare var. fuchsii Alef. in Landw. Fl.: 332 (1866)
    • Triticum vulgare var. leucochiton Alef. in Landw. Fl.: 332 (1866)
    • Triticum vulgare var. leucocladus Alef. in Landw. Fl.: 332 (1866)
    • Triticum vulgare var. melanura Alef. in Landw. Fl.: 333 (1866)
    • Triticum vulgare var. metzgeri Alef. in Landw. Fl.: 332 (1866)
    • Triticum vulgare var. phaeocladum Alef. in Landw. Fl.: 332 (1866)
    • Triticum vulgare var. pycnura Alef. in Landw. Fl.: 333 (1866)
    • Triticum vulgare var. seotinum Alef. in Landw. Fl.: 331 (1866)
    • Triticum vulgare var. subtricoccum Alef. in Landw. Fl.: 332 (1866)

Distribution

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Native distribution areas:
  • Continental: Asia-Temperate
    • Regional: Western Asia
      • Turkey
    • Doubtfully present in:
      • Lebanon-Syria, Palestine
    • Introduced into:
      • Albania, Algeria, Austria, Bangladesh, Belarus, Central European Rus, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, East European Russia, Egypt, Ethiopia, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, India, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Kazakhstan, Krym, Lebanon-Syria, Morocco, Netherlands, North Caucasus, North European Russi, Northwest European R, Palestine, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sardegna, South European Russi, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Transcaucasus, Ukraine, West Himalaya, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zimbabwe

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

References

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Primary references

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Additional references

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  • Davis, P.H. (ed.) (1985). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 9: 1-724. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
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Vernacular names

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العربية:  قمح ثنائي الحبة
অসমীয়া:  escanda (var. pobia)
беларуская:  Двузърнест лимец
català:  Pisana
чӑвашла:  Пăри
dansk:  Emmer
Deutsch:  Emmer
Ελληνικά:  Δίκοκκο σιτάρι
English: emmer, emmer wheat
español: trigo farro
فارسی: گندم دودانه
suomi:  Emmervehnä
français:  Amidonnier
עברית:  חיטת אמר
हिन्दी:  खपली गेहूँ
magyar:  Tönkebúza
italiano:  farro
日本語:  エンマーコムギ
ქართული:  ასლი
മലയാളം:  എമ്മെർ
Nederlands:  Emmertarwe
norsk:  Emmer
ирон:  Уасылы
polski:  Pszenica płaskurka
português:  Farro
русский:  Пшеница двузернянка
svenska:  Emmervete
Türkçe:  Kavılca buğdayı
українська:  Полба
中文:  二粒小麦
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