Triticum turgidum subsp. durum

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Triticum turgidum subsp. durum
Triticum turgidum subsp. durum

Taxonavigation

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Taxonavigation: Poales 
Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Monocots
Cladus: Commelinids
Ordo: Poales

Familia: Poaceae
Subfamilia: Pooideae
Tribus: Hordeeae
Genus: Triticum
Species: Triticum turgidum
Subspecies: T. t. subsp. durum

Name

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Triticum turgidum subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn., 1899

Synonyms

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  • Homotypic
    • Gigachilon polonicum subsp. durum (Desf.) Á.Löve in Feddes Repert. 95: 497 (1984)
    • Triticum aestivum var. durum (Desf.) Fiori in A.Fiori & al., Fl. Anal. Italia 1: 108 (1896)
    • Triticum aestivum subsp. durum (Desf.) Chenevard in Cat. Pl. Vasc. Tessin: 105 (1910)
    • Triticum durum Desf. in Fl. Atlant. 1: 114 (1798)
    • Triticum sativum var. durum (Desf.) Pers. in Syn. Pl. 1: 109 (1805)
    • Triticum sativum subsp. durum (Desf.) K.Richt. in Pl. Eur. 1: 130 (1890)
    • Triticum turgidum convar. durum (Desf.) Bowden in Canad. J. Bot. 40: 1709 (1962)
    • Triticum turgidum var. durum (Desf.) Yan ex P.C.Kuo in Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 9(3): 48 (1987)
    • Triticum vulgare subsp. durum (Desf.) Link in Hort. Berol. 2: 182 (1833)
    • Triticum vulgare convar. durum (Desf.) Alef. in Landw. Fl.: 324 (1866)
  • Heterotypic
    • Gigachilon aethiopicum (Jakubz.) Á.Löve in Feddes Repert. 95: 497 (1984)
    • Triticum abyssinicum (Vavilov) Vavilov in Pshenitsy ed. 2.: 118(adnot.), 134 (1938), nom. illeg.
    • Triticum abyssinicum (Vavilov) Flaksb. in Opredelit. Nast. Khlebov, ed. 4: 13, 92 (1939), nom. illeg.
    • Triticum accessorium Flaksb. in Trudy Byuro Prikl. Bot. 8: 500 (1915), nom. nud.
    • Triticum aestivum var. erinaceum (Hornem.) Mansf. in Züchter 21: 52 (1951)
    • Triticum aethiopicum Jakubz. in Selekts. Semenov. (Moscow) 14(5): 46 (1947)
    • Triticum aethiopicum var. hajirense Filat. & K.Hammer in Emirates J. Food. Agric. 26: 124 (2014)
    • Triticum aethiopicum var. mahsanense Filat. & K.Hammer in Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 57: 1135 (2010)
    • Triticum alatum Peterm. in Flora 27: 234 (1844)
    • Triticum algeriense Desf. ex Mert. & W.D.J.Koch in J.C.Röhling, Deutschl. Fl., ed. 3, 1: 697 (1823), pro syn.
    • Triticum bauhinii Lag. in Gen. Sp. Pl.: 6 (1816)
    • Triticum brachystachyum Lag. ex Schult. & Schult.f. in Mant. 3: 656 (1827), pro syn.
    • Triticum candidissimum Ard. ex Bayle-Bar. in Monog. Agron. Cereal. 1: 42 (1809)
    • Triticum caucasicum Flaksb. in Trudy Byuro Prikl. Bot. 8: 500 (1915), nom. nud.
    • Triticum cochleare Lag. in Gen. Sp. Pl.: 6 (1816)
    • Triticum compactum var. compressum Körn. in F.A.Körnicke & H.Werner, Handb. Getreidebaus 1: 55 (1885)
    • Triticum compactum var. copticum Körn. in F.A.Körnicke & H.Werner, Handb. Getreidebaus 1: 55 (1885)
    • Triticum compactum var. erinaceum (Hornem.) Flaksb. in Trudy Byuro Prikl. Bot. 8: 177 (1915)
    • Triticum compactum grex erinaceum (Hornem.) Flaksb. in E.V.Wulff (ed.), Kul't. Fl. SSSR 1: 114 (1935)
    • Triticum compactum var. recognitum (Steud.) Körn. in F.A.Körnicke & H.Werner, Handb. Getreidebaus 1: 55 (1885)
    • Triticum densiusculum Flaksb. in Trudy Byuro Prikl. Bot. 8: 500 (1915), nom. nud.
    • Triticum dicoccum var. arraseita (Hochst. ex Körn.) Percival in Wheat Pl.: 195 (1921)
    • Triticum dicoccum var. schimperi (Körn.) Percival in Wheat Pl.: 196 (1921)
    • Triticum diversiflorum Steud. in Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 342 (1854)
    • Triticum durum subsp. abyssinicum Vavilov in Trudy Prikl. Bot., Genet. Selekc. Prilozn 1931: 51 (1931)
    • Triticum durum acutidenticulatum Flaksb. in Trudy Prikl. Bot. 21: 456 (1929)
    • Triticum durum group acutodenticulatum Flaksb. in Trudy Prikl. Bot. 21: 456 (1929)
    • Triticum durum var. allendii Rudenko in Byull. Vsesoyuzn. Ordena Lenina Ordena Druzhby Narodov Nauchno-Issl. Inst. Rasteniev. N. I. Vavilova 81: 41 (1978)
    • Triticum durum var. arraseita Hochst. ex Körn. in F.A.Körnicke & H.Werner, Handb. Getreidebaus 1: 70 (1885)
    • Triticum durum var. atromarginatum Chiov. in Monogr. Rapp. Colon. 19: 18 (1912)
    • Triticum durum var. belizii Sanchez-Monge & Villena in Anales Estac. Exp. Aula Dei 3: 256 (1954)
    • Triticum durum var. bicolor Chiov. in Monogr. Rapp. Colon. 19: 16 (1912)
    • Triticum durum f. breviaristatum Chiov. in Monogr. Rapp. Colon. 19: 19 (1912)
    • Triticum durum var. candicans G.K.Meister in Zhurn. Opytn. Agron. Yugo-Vostoka 1: 55 (1922)
    • Triticum durum var. cauaffine Dorof. in Sel'skokhoz. Biol. 3: 348 (1968)
    • Triticum durum var. cauapulicum Dorof. in Sel'skokhoz. Biol. 3: 348 (1968), contrary to Art. 40 (ICN 2012).
    • Triticum durum subsp. caucasicum Dorof. in Sel'skokhoz. Biol. 3: 347 (1968), more than one element cited as type.
    • Triticum durum var. cauhordeiforme Dorof. in Sel'skokhoz. Biol. 3: 348 (1968)
    • Triticum durum var. cauleucomelan Dorof. in Sel'skokhoz. Biol. 3: 348 (1968)
    • Triticum durum var. cauleucurum Dorof. in Sel'skokhoz. Biol. 3: 347 (1968)
    • Triticum durum var. compactum Ser. in Ann. Sci. Phys. Nat. Lyon 5: 173 (1842)
    • Triticum durum var. complanatum Ser. in Ann. Sci. Phys. Nat. Lyon 5: 176 (1842)
    • Triticum durum var. corvalanii Rudenko in Byull. Vsesoyuzn. Ordena Lenina Ordena Druzhby Narodov Nauchno-Issl. Inst. Rasteniev. N. I. Vavilova 81: 41 (1978)
    • Triticum durum var. dubium Chiov. in Monogr. Rapp. Colon. 19: 16 (1912)
    • Triticum durum var. falcataffine Lyapunova in Vavilov J. Genet. Breed. 21(2): 154 (2017)
    • Triticum durum var. falcaterythromelan Lyapunova in Vavilov J. Genet. Breed. 21(2): 154 (2017)
    • Triticum durum var. falcaticaerulescens Lyapunova in Vavilov J. Genet. Breed. 21(2): 156 (2017)
    • Triticum durum var. falcatiprovinciale Lyapunova in Vavilov J. Genet. Breed. 21(2): 156 (2017)
    • Triticum durum var. falcatoapulicum Udachin in Byull. Vsesoyuzn. Ordena Lenina Ordena Druzhby Narodov Nauchno-Issl. Inst. Rasteniev. N. I. Vavilova 84: 74 (1978)
    • Triticum durum var. fereafricanum Sanchez-Monge & Villena in Anales Estac. Exp. Aula Dei 3: 255 (1954)
    • Triticum durum var. ferereichenbachii Jakubziner & Nikolaenko in Trudy Prikl. Bot., Prilož. 53: 38 (1932)
    • Triticum durum var. feretristeleucomelan Sanchez-Monge & Villena in Anales Estac. Exp. Aula Dei 3: 256 (1954)
    • Triticum durum var. griseofastuosum Sanchez-Monge & Villena in Anales Estac. Exp. Aula Dei 3: 255 (1954)
    • Triticum durum var. heterochromum Chiov. in Monogr. Rapp. Colon. 19: 17 (1912)
    • Triticum durum var. hordeiforme (Host) Orlov in Trudy Prikl. Bot. Selekts. 13(1): 374 (1923)
    • Triticum durum var. jakubzinerii Kurkiev in Trudy Prikl. Bot. 58: 158 (1976)
    • Triticum durum grex leucura (Alef.) Flaksb. in E.V.Wulff (ed.), Kul't. Fl. SSSR 1: 196 (1935)
    • Triticum durum var. leucura (Alef.) Flaksb. in Trudy Bjuro Prikl. Bot. 8(1-2): 79 (1915)
    • Triticum durum var. marginatum Chiov. in Monogr. Rapp. Colon. 19: 18 (1912)
    • Triticum durum var. nigroviolaceum Orlov in Trudy Prikl. Bot. Selekts. 13: 374 (1923)
    • Triticum durum var. pilosoaffine Kurkiev in Sborn. Trudov Aspir. Molod. Nauchn. Sotrudn. Vsesoyuzn. Inst. Rasteniev. 17: 40 (1970)
    • Triticum durum var. pilosohordeiforme Kurkiev in Trudy Prikl. Bot. 58: 158 (1976)
    • Triticum durum var. pilosomelanopus Kurkiev in Sborn. Trudov Aspir. Molod. Nauchn. Sotrudn. Vsesoyuzn. Inst. Rasteniev. 17: 41 (1970)
    • Triticum durum var. pilosomurciense Kurkiev in Sborn. Trudov Aspir. Molod. Nauchn. Sotrudn. Vsesoyuzn. Inst. Rasteniev. 17: 41 (1970)
    • Triticum durum var. pseudoboeufii Sanchez-Monge & Villena in Anales Estac. Exp. Aula Dei 3: 256 (1954)
    • Triticum durum var. pseudocopticum Chiov. in Monogr. Rapp. Colon. 19: 17 (1912)
    • Triticum durum var. pseudoerythromelan Chiov. in Monogr. Rapp. Colon. 19: 17 (1912)
    • Triticum durum var. pyramidale (Delile) Heynh. in Nom. Bot. Hort.: 824 (1841)
    • Triticum durum var. ramoso-obscurum Jakubz. in Dokl. Vsesoyuzn. Ordena Lenina Akad. Sel’skokhoz. Nauk Lenina 18(1): 46 (1953)
    • Triticum durum var. ramosoapulicum Jakubz. in Dokl. Vsesoyuzn. Ordena Lenina Akad. Sel’skokhoz. Nauk Lenina 18(1): 46 (1953)
    • Triticum durum var. ramosohordeiforme Jakubz. in Dokl. Vsesoyuzn. Ordena Lenina Akad. Sel’skokhoz. Nauk Lenina 18(1): 46 (1953)
    • Triticum durum var. ramosoleucomelan Jakubz. in Dokl. Vsesoyuzn. Ordena Lenina Akad. Sel’skokhoz. Nauk Lenina 18(1): 46 (1953)
    • Triticum durum var. ramosoleucurum Mustafaev & Ali-Zade in Byull. Vsesoyuzn. Ordena Lenina Ordena Druzhby Narodov Nauchno-Issl. Inst. Rasteniev. N. I. Vavilova 84: 76 (1978)
    • Triticum durum var. schechurdinii G.K.Meister in Zhurn. Opytn. Agron. Yugo-Vostoka 1: 55 (1922)
    • Triticum durum var. schimperi Körn. in F.A.Körnicke & H.Werner, Handb. Getreidebaus 1: 71 (1885)
    • Triticum durum var. sphaeroaffine N.P.Popov & I.T.Stankov in Dokl. Bulg. Akad. Nauk 34: 1699 (1981)
    • Triticum durum var. sphaeroafricanum N.P.Popov & I.T.Stankov in Dokl. Bulg. Akad. Nauk 34: 1670 (1981)
    • Triticum durum var. sphaeroleucurum N.P.Popov & I.T.Stankov in Dokl. Bulg. Akad. Nauk 34: 1699 (1981)
    • Triticum durum var. sphaeromelanopus N.P.Popov & I.T.Stankov in Dokl. Bulg. Akad. Nauk 34: 1699 (1981)
    • Triticum durum var. stebutii G.K.Meister in Zhurn. Opytn. Agron. Yugo-Vostoka 1: 55 (1922)
    • Triticum durum var. taganrocense Risso in Bull. Soc. Agric. Nice 1832: 68 (1832), nom. illeg.
    • Triticum durum var. taganrocense Desv. in Opusc. Sci. Phys. Nat.: 149 (1833), nom. illeg.
    • Triticum durum f. taganrocense Flaksb. in Trudy Byuro Prikl. Bot. 8: 99 (1915), nom. illeg.
    • Triticum durum var. taganrocense Dunal ex Ser. in Mélang. Bot. 1(2): 109 (1818)
    • Triticum durum var. tetraristatum Achmedov in Byull. Vsesoyuzn. Ordena Lenina Ordena Druzhby Narodov Nauchno-Issl. Inst. Rasteniev. N. I. Vavilova 106: 85 (1981)
    • Triticum durum convar. thumanjanii Gandilyan in Byull. Vsesoyuzn. Ordena Lenina Ordena Druzhby Narodov Nauchno-Issl. Inst. Rasteniev. N. I. Vavilova 65: 74 (1976)
    • Triticum durum f. trevesium (Mazzuc.) Vakar in Trudy Prikl. Bot. 19(1): 310, 356 (1928)
    • Triticum durum var. tristeaffine Sanchez-Monge & Villena in Anales Estac. Exp. Aula Dei 3: 256 (1954)
    • Triticum durum var. tristeafricanum Sanchez-Monge & Villena in Anales Estac. Exp. Aula Dei 3: 255 (1954)
    • Triticum durum f. tristeboeufii Lyapunova in Vavilov J. Genet. Breed. 21(2): 156 (2017), nom. subnud.
    • Triticum durum f. tristecauleucomelan Lyapunova in Vavilov J. Genet. Breed. 21(2): 156 (2017), nom. subnud.
    • Triticum durum f. tristehoranileucomelan Lyapunova in Vavilov J. Genet. Breed. 21(2): 156 (2017), nom. subnud.
    • Triticum durum f. tristemuticoboeufii Lyapunova in Vavilov J. Genet. Breed. 21(2): 156 (2017), nom. subnud.
    • Triticum durum f. tristepseudoalbiprovinciale Lyapunova in Vavilov J. Genet. Breed. 21(2): 156 (2017), nom. subnud.
    • Triticum durum f. tristepseudoprovinciale Lyapunova in Vavilov J. Genet. Breed. 21(2): 156 (2017)
    • Triticum erinaceum Hornem. in Hort. Bot. Hafn. 1: 106 (1813)
    • Triticum fastuosum Lag. in Gen. Sp. Pl.: 6 (1816)
    • Triticum hallerianum Mazzuc. in Tritic. Def.: 13 (1812)
    • Triticum hordeiforme Host in Icon. Descr. Gram. Austriac. 4: 3 (1809)
    • Triticum laxiusculum Flaksb. in Trudy Byuro Prikl. Bot. 8: 500 (1915), nom. nud.
    • Triticum longisemineum Flaksb. in Trudy Byuro Prikl. Bot. 8: 500 (1915), nom. nud.
    • Triticum maurorum Sennen in Sennen & H.Mauricio, Cat. Fl. Rif Orient.: 135 (1933), nom. nud.
    • Triticum molle Roem. & Schult. in Syst. Veg. ed. 15[bis]. 2: 770 (1817), nom. nud.
    • Triticum nigrum Risso in Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 362, 473 (1826)
    • Triticum orientale Flaksb. in Trudy Byuro Prikl. Bot. 8: 500 (1915), nom. nud.
    • Triticum platystachyum Lag. in Gen. Sp. Pl.: 6 (1816)
    • Triticum pruinosum Hornem. in Hort. Bot. Hafn. 1: 107 (1813)
    • Triticum pyramidale Delile ex Schult. in Mant. 2: 414 (1824), pro syn.
    • Triticum pyramidale Percival in Wheat Pl.: 156, 262 (1921)
    • Triticum pyramidale var. aydiniense Hacizade in Züchter 4: 76 (1932)
    • Triticum pyramidale var. diyabekiricum Hacizade in Züchter 4: 76 (1932)
    • Triticum pyramidale var. mudanianum Hacizade in Züchter 4: 76 (1932)
    • Triticum pyramidale var. pseudoaffine Hacizade in Züchter 4: 76 (1932)
    • Triticum pyramidale var. pseudodiyabekiricum Hacizade in Züchter 4: 76 (1932)
    • Triticum pyramidale var. pseudoreichenbachii Hacizade in Züchter 4: 76 (1932)
    • Triticum rarum Flaksb. in Trudy Byuro Prikl. Bot. 8: 500 (1915), nom. nud.
    • Triticum recognitum Steud. in Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 342 (1854)
    • Triticum rimpaui Mackey in Durum Wheat Breeding 1: 47 (2005)
    • Triticum sativum subvar. candidissimum (Ard. ex Bayle-Bar.) Asch. & Graebn. in Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 2(1): 694 (1901)
    • Triticum sativum var. erinaceum (Hornem.) Desv. in Opusc. Sci. Phys. Nat.: 161 (1833)
    • Triticum sativum var. leucura (Alef.) Asch. & Graebn. in Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 2(1): 693 (1901)
    • Triticum sativum var. pyramidale Delile in Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat. 2(Mém.): 53, 178 (1813)
    • Triticum siculum Roem. & Schult. in Syst. Veg. ed. 15[bis]. 2: 765 (1817)
    • Triticum tanaiticum Flaksb. in Trudy Byuro Prikl. Bot. 8: 500 (1915), nom. nud.
    • Triticum tiflisiense Flaksb. in Trudy Byuro Prikl. Bot. 8: 500 (1915), nom. nud.
    • Triticum tomentosum Bayle-Bar. in Monog. Agron. Cereal.: 40 (1809)
    • Triticum transcaucasicum Flaksb. in Trudy Byuro Prikl. Bot. 8: 500 (1915), nom. nud.
    • Triticum trevesium Mazzuc. in Sopra Alc. Sp. Frum.: 30 (1807)
    • Triticum trevisium Desv. in Mém. Soc. Agric. Angers 1: 252 (1833), pro syn.
    • Triticum turgidum Steud. in Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 342 (1854), pro syn.
    • Triticum turgidum subsp. abyssinicum Vavilov in Theor. Basis Pl. Breed. 2: 8 (1935)
    • Triticum turgidum subsp. pyramidale (Percival) Valdés & H.Scholz in Willdenowia 36: 661 (2006)
    • Triticum venulosum Hochst. ex Steud. in Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 342 (1854), pro syn.
    • Triticum villosum Host in Icon. Descr. Gram. Austriac. 4: 4 (1809)
    • Triticum vulgare var. bauhinii (Lag.) Alef. in Landw. Fl.: 332 (1866)
    • Triticum vulgare var. candidissimum (Ard. ex Bayle-Bar.) Körn. in Handb. Getreidebaus 1: 69 (1885)
    • Triticum vulgare var. erinaceum (Hornem.) Körn. in F.A.Körnicke & H.Werner, Handb. Getreidebaus 1: 51, 54 (1885)
    • Triticum vulgare var. erion Alef. in Landw. Fl.: 325 (1866)
    • Triticum vulgare var. hordeiforme (Host) Alef. in Landw. Fl.: 325 (1866)
    • Triticum vulgare var. italicum Alef. in Landw. Fl.: 325 (1866)
    • Triticum vulgare var. leptura Alef. in Landw. Fl.: 325 (1866)
    • Triticum vulgare var. leucomelan Alef. in Landw. Fl.: 324 (1866)
    • Triticum vulgare var. leucura Alef. in Landw. Fl.: 324 (1866)
    • Triticum vulgare var. melanopogon Chiov. in Monogr. Rapp. Colon. 19: 13 (1912)
    • Triticum vulgare var. melanpus Alef. in Landw. Fl.: 325 (1866)
    • Triticum vulgare var. provinciale Alef. in Landw. Fl.: 325 (1866)
    • Triticum vulgarioides Flaksb. in Opredelit. Nast. Khlebov, ed. 4: 13 (1939)

Distribution

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Native distribution areas:
  • Continental: Africa
    • Regional: Northern Africa
      • Egypt
    • Introduced into:
      • Afghanistan, Albania, Alberta, Algeria, Austria, Bulgaria, Canary Is., Central African Repu, Central European Rus, Corse, Cyprus, East Aegean Is., East European Russia, Ethiopia, France, Germany, Great Britain, Honduras, India, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Kriti, Krym, Lebanon-Syria, Libya, Madeira, Manitoba, Mauritania, Morocco, Myanmar, North Caucasus, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Portugal, Romania, Sardegna, Saskatchewan, Saudi Arabia, Sicilia, South European Russi, Spain, Sudan, Sweden, Tadzhikistan, Tibet, Transcaucasus, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, West Himalaya, West Siberia, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zimbabwe

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

References

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Primary references

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  • Husnot, P.T., 1899. Graminées: 80
  • Meister, G.K. (Мейстер, Г.К.) 1922. Опыт изучения межвидового скрещивания Tr. durum Desf. x Tr. vulgare Vill. Из работ Саратовской опытной станции. Предварительное сообщение [An experiment in studying а cross between distinct species Tr. durum Desf. x Tr. vulgare Vill. A preliminary communication]. Zhurnal opytnoj agronomii Yugo-Vostoka 1(1): 49—72. (Russian) Reference page. 
  • Ternovsky, M.F. (Терновский, М.Ф.) 1929. Новые безостые разновидности Tr. durum Desf. и Tr. polonicum L. [New awnless varieties of Tr. durum Desf. and Tr. polonicum L.] Труды Всесоюзного съезда по генетике, селекции, семеноводству и племенному животноводству в Ленинграде 10-16 декабря 1929 г. [Proceedings of the U.S.S.R. Congress of Genetics, Plant and Animal Breeding held in Leningrad January 10–16th 1929]. Ленинград: Издание редакционной коллегии съезда. Том 3. C. 537–538. (Russian) Google Books Open access Reference page. 

Additional references

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  • Davis, P.H. (ed.) (1985). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 9: 1-724. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
[edit]

Vernacular names

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Afrikaans:  Durum
مصرى:  قمح صلب
العربية:  قمح قاسي
অসমীয়া:  trigu duro
беларуская:  твърда пшеница
català:  Blat dur
čeština:  pšenice tvrdá
Cymraeg:  Gwenith barfog
dansk:  Durumhvede
Deutsch:  Hartweizen
English: durum wheat
euskara:  Gari gogor
فارسی:  گندم الجزایری
suomi:  durumvehnä
français:  Blé dur
Gaeilge:  Dúram
עברית:  דורום, חיטה קשה
magyar:  Durumbúza
íslenska:  Harðhveiti
日本語:  デュラムコムギ
Jawa:  Durum
ქართული:  მაგარი ხორბალი
қазақша:  Катуу буудай
한국어:  듀럼밀
lietuvių:  Kietasis kvietys
Bahasa Melayu:  Durum
Nederlands:  Durum norsk
norsk:  Durumhvete
polski:  Pszenica twarda
română:  grâu dur
русский:  Пшеница твёрдая
slovenščina:  Trda pšenica
svenska:  Durumvete
Türkçe:  Durum buğdayı
татарча / tatarça:  каты бодай
українська:  Пшениця тверда
Tiếng Việt:  Lúa mì cứng
中文:  硬粒小麦
Wikimedia Commons For more multimedia, look at Triticum turgidum subsp. durum on Wikimedia Commons.
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