Trichoptera

Taxonavigation

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Amorphea
Cladus: Obazoa
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Cladus: Filozoa
Cladus: Choanozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: ParaHoxozoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Superphylum: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Cladus: Mandibulata
Cladus: Pancrustacea
Cladus: Allotriocarida
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Cladus: Eumetabola
Cladus: Holometabola
Superordo: Panorpida
Cladus: Amphiesmenoptera
Ordo: Trichoptera
Subordines (2): Annulipalpia – Integripalpia

Name

Trichoptera Kirby, 1813: 88

Synonymy

Ballostoma Scudder, 1885: 90 (as suborder of Thysanura) [syn.: Shcherbakov, 2025: 302]

References

Primary references

Kirby, W. 1813. Strepsiptera, a new order of insects proposed; and the characters of the order, with those of its genera, laid down. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 11(1): 86–123. BHL.
Shcherbakov, D.E. 2025. The Headless Hexapod—on the Identity of Planocephalus aselloides Scudder, 1885 (Trichoptera, Hydropsychidae; New Placement) from the Eocene of Florissant. Entomological Review 104(4): 302–304 (2024). DOI: 10.1134/S0013873824040079 .
Scudder, S.H. 1885. Description of an articulate of doubtful relationship from the Tertiary beds of Florissant, Colorado. Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences 3: 87–90. BHL.

Additional references

Amato, J.F.R. et al. 2011: Trichoptera — the newest insect order host of temnocephalans (Platyhelminthes, Temnocephalida) and the description of a new species of Temnocephala from Brazil. Zootaxa, 2975: 47–58. Preview
Chuluunbat, S., Boldgiv, B. & Morse, J.C. 2022. Caddisflies (Trichoptera) of Mongolia: an updated checklist with faunistic and biogeographical notes. Pp 245–265 In Pauls, S.U., Thomson, R. & Rázuri-Gonzales, E. (eds.). Special Issue in Honor of Ralph W. Holzenthal for a Lifelong Contribution to Trichoptera Systematics. ZooKeys 1111ː 1–488. Reference page. . DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1111.76239 Reference page.
Dambri, B.M., Karaouzas, I., Samraoui, B. & Samraoui, F. 2020. Contribution to the knowledge of the caddisfly fauna of Algeria: An updated checklist of Algerian Trichoptera with new records from the Aures region. Zootaxa 4786(2): 221–232. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4786.2.4 Reference page.
DeWalt, R.E. & South, E.J. 2015. Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera on Isle Royale National Park, USA, compared to mainland species pool and size distribution. ZooKeys 532: 137–158. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.532.6478 . Reference page.
Djernæs, M. 2011: Structure and phylogenetic significance of the sternum V glands in Trichoptera. Zootaxa, 2884: 1–60. Preview
Flint Jr., O.S., 1981: Studies of Neotropical Caddisflies, XXVIII: The Trichoptera of the Río Limón Basin, Venezuela. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 330: 1–61. Full article: [1].
Flint Jr., O.S., 1983: Studies of Neotropical Caddisflies, XXXIII: New Species from Austral South America (Trichoptera). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 377: 1–100. Full article: [2].
Flint Jr., O.S., 1991: Studies of Neotropical Caddisflies, XLV: The Taxonomy, Phenology, and Faunistics of the Trichoptera of Antioquia, Colombia. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 520: 1–113. Full article: [3].
Houghton, D.C. & DeWalt, R.E. 2024. Updated checklist, habitat affinities, and changes over time of the Indiana (USA) caddisfly fauna (Insecta, Trichoptera). ZooKeys 1216: 201–218. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1216.129914 Reference page.
Holzenthal, R.W.; Blahnik, R.J.; Prather, A.L.; Kjer, K.M. 2007: Order Trichoptera Kirby 1813 (Insecta), caddisflies. pp. 639–698 In: Zhang, Z.-Q. & Shear, W.A. (eds) Linnaeus tercentenary: progress in invertebrate taxonomy. Zootaxa, 1668: 1–766. PDF
Holzenthal, R.W. & Calor, A.R. 2017. Catalog of the Neotropical Trichoptera (Caddisflies). ZooKeys 654: 1–566. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.654.9516. Reference page.
Holzenthal, R.W., Morse, J.C. & Kjer, K.M. 2011. Order Trichoptera Kirby, 1813. Pp 209–211 In Zhang, Z.-Q. (ed.) 2011. Animal biodiversity: an outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness. Zootaxa 3148: 1–237. Open access. Reference page. . (PDF) Reference page.
Houghton, D.C. 2022. Comparison of caddisfly (Insecta, Trichoptera) assemblages from lake and river habitats of the Huron Mountains of Michigan (USA). Pp 267–286 In Pauls, S.U., Thomson, R. & Rázuri-Gonzales, E. (eds.). Special Issue in Honor of Ralph W. Holzenthal for a Lifelong Contribution to Trichoptera Systematics. ZooKeys 1111ː 1–488. Reference page. . DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1111.70195 Reference page.
Houghton, D.C., DeWalt, R.E., Pytel, A.J., Brandin, C.M., Rogers, S.E., Ruiter, D.E., Bright, E., Hudson, P.L. & Armitage, B.J. 2017. Updated checklist of the Michigan (USA) caddisflies, with regional and habitat affinities. ZooKeys 730: 55–72. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.730.21776. Reference page.
Houghton, D.C., DeWalt, R.E., Hubbard, T., Schmude, K.L., Dimick, J.J., Holzenthal, R.W., Blahnik, R.J. & Snitgen, J.L. 2022. Checklist of the caddisflies (Insecta, Trichoptera) of the Upper Midwest region of the United States. Pp 287–300 In Pauls, S.U., Thomson, R. & Rázuri-Gonzales, E. (eds.). Special Issue in Honor of Ralph W. Holzenthal for a Lifelong Contribution to Trichoptera Systematics. ZooKeys 1111ː 1–488. Reference page. . DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1111.72345 Reference page.
Johanson, K.A. 2010. Description of sixteen new species of Trichoptera with a key to adults of known families and genera recorded in Madagascar. African Entomology 18(2): 267–301. DOI: 10.4001/003.018.0206 . hdl: 10520/EJC32869 .
Johanson, K.A., Wells, A., Malm, T. & Espeland, M. 2011. The Trichoptera of Vanuatu. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 58(2): 279–320. DOI: 10.1002/mmnd.201100031 .
Kimmins, D.E., 1962: Miss L.E. Cheesman's expeditions to New Guinea Trichoptera. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology series 11 (4): 97–187.
Kimmins, D.E., 1962: New African Caddis-flies (Order Trichoptera). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology series 12 (2): 81–121.
Kjer, K.M.; Blahnik, R.J.; Holzenthal, R.W. 2002: Phylogeny of Caddisflies (Insecta, Trichoptera). Zoologica scripta, 31: 83–91.
Küçükbasmaci, İ. & Canbulat, S. 2020. A List of the Caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from Kyrgyzstan, with a New Record (Triaenodes reuteri McLachlan 1880). Zootaxa 4896(1): 113–122. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4896.1.6 full article pdf Reference page.
Kwiatkowska, K., Żelazna-Wieczorek, J., Ziułkiewicz, M. & Majecki, J. 2016. Caddisflies (Trichoptera) and diatoms of some springs in the vicinity of Łódź (Central Poland). Zootaxa 4138(1): 118–126. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4138.1.4. Reference page.
Malicky, H., Ivanov, V. & Melnitsky, S. 2014. Caddisflies (Trichoptera) from Lombok, Bali and Java (Indonesia), with a discussion of Wallace’s Line. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 61(1): 3–14. DOI: 10.3897/dez.61.7046 Reference page.
Malicky, H., Melnitsky, S.I. & Ivanov, V.D. 2016. New data on caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from Lombok (Indonesia) with descriptions of two new species. Zootaxa 4066(1): 88–94. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4066.1.10. Reference page.
Malm, T., Johanson, K.A. & Wahlberg, N. 2013. The evolutionary history of Trichoptera (Insecta): a case of successful adaptation to life in freshwater. Systematic Entomology 38(3): 459–473. DOI: 10.1111/syen.12016 Reference page.
Minet, J., Huang, D.-Y., Wu, H. & Nel, A. 2010. Early Mecopterida and the systematic position of the Microptysmatidae (Insecta: Endopterygota). Annales de la Société entomologique de France (n.s.) 46(1–2): 262–270. DOI: 10.1080/00379271.2010.10697667 . Reference page.
Paprocki, H. & França, D. 2014. Brazilian Trichoptera Checklist II. Biodiversity Data Journal 2: e1557. DOI: 10.3897/BDJ.2.e1557 Reference page.
Samraoui, B., Bouhala, Z., Garcia, A.R., Márquez-Rodríguez, J., Ferreras-Romero, M., El-Serehy, H.A. & Samraoui, F. 2020. Trichoptera and Plecoptera of the Seybouse River, northeast Algeria: Distribution, phenology and new records. Zootaxa 4845(4): 552–564. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4845.4.5 Reference page.
Schmid, F. 1998: Genera of the Trichoptera of Canada and Adjoining or Adjacent United States, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa.
Sheffield, C.S., deWaard, J.R., Morse, J.C. & Rasmussen, A.K. 2019. Trichoptera of Canada. Pp 507–520 In Langor, D.W. & Sheffield, C.S. (eds.). The Biota of Canada – A Biodiversity Assessment. Part 1: The Terrestrial Arthropods. ZooKeys 819: 520 pp. Reference page. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.819.31140 Reference page.
Waringer, J. & Graf, W. 2013. Key and bibliography of the genera of European Trichoptera larvae. Zootaxa 3640(2): 101–151. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3640.2.1 Reference page.
Ward, J.B. 1994: The New Zealand marine caddisflies (Trichoptera). Weta 17(1): 18-20. Full article (PDF) Reference page.
Waringer, J. 2021. Tools for instar determination of European caddisfly larvae (Insecta: Trichoptera). Zootaxa 4908(1): 85–101. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4908.1.5 Reference page.

Links

Vernacular names

Alemannisch: Chechermugge
беларуская: Ручайнікі
dansk: Vårfluer
Deutsch: Köcherfliegen
English: Caddisflies
eesti: Ehmestiivalised
français: Trichoptères, phryganes
日本語: トビケラ目 (毛翅目)
lietuvių: Apsiuvos
latviešu: Makstenes
polski: Chruściki
русский: Ручейники
slovenščina: Mladoletnice
Tiếng Việt: Bộ Cánh lông
中文: 毛翅目