Solanum terminale
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Taxonavigation
[edit]Taxonavigation: Solanales |
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Classification System: APG IV
Superregnum: Eukaryota |
Familia: Solanaceae
Subfamilia: Solanoideae
Tribus: Solaneae
Genus: Solanum
Subgenus: S. subg. Lyciosolanum
Species: Solanum terminale
Name
[edit]Solanum terminale Forssk. (1775:45)
- Lectotype: Herb. Forsskal 419 (C10003105, C)
- Isolectotype: Herb. Forsskal 406 (C10003106, C)
- Type locality: yemen. "Mokhaja" [Mukhajah =Jebel Barad].
Synonyms
[edit](After Knapp & Vorontsova, 2016; Where the holotype or lectotype was destroyed at B, they seem to have preferred hoping that duplicates might surface instead of making any attempt at all with choosing a lectotype amongst potential surviving paratypes.)
- Heterotypic
- Solanum bifurcatum Hochst. ex A.Rich. (1851:98)
- Solanum bifurcum Hochst. ex Dunal (1852:77), nom. illeg. superfl.
- Lectotype: G.H.W. Schimper 201 (P00344566, P)
- Isolectotypes: P (P00344587, P00341599, P00344570, P00344567), BM (BM000847558), BR (BR0000006289041, BR0000008422248), E (E00193277), G (G00301682, G00343569), G-DC (G00144683), GH (GH00139638), GOET (GOET003592), HBG (HBG511409), HOH (HOH009830), LE (3 sheets), K (K000232603), M (M0105581, M0105582), MPU (MPU011243, MPU011244), NY (NY00169749), OXF, PAL, REG (REG000401), S (S-09-33851, S-09-33853, S-115601), STU (STU000029, STU000028), U (U0113932), US (US-945142, barcode US00730876), W (W0000632, W1889-0283815)
- Designated by Lester (1997).
- Type location: Ethiopia. Tigray: Adoa [Adwa], 14 Jun 18379.
- S. bifurcum does not qualify as an orthographic variant (contra Knapp & Vorontsova, 2016), but refers to the same Schimper material as Richard, and as such is homotypic.
- Solanum inconstans C.H.Wright (1894:127)
- Solanum terminale subsp. inconstans (C.H.Wright) Heine (1960:247)
- Solanum phytolaccoides C.H.Wright (1894:126)
- Solanum welwitschii C.H.Wright (1894:126)
- Solanum terminale subsp. welwitschii (C.H.Wright) Heine (1960:248)
- Lectotype: F.M.J. Welwitsch 6098 (BM000838177, BM)
- Isolectotypes: K (K000414110), LISU (LISU220797)
- Designated by Knapp & Vorontsova (2016).
- Type location: Angola. Cuanza Norte: Golungo Alto.
- Solanum welwitschii var. oblongum C.H.Wright (1894:127)
- Solanum welwitschii var. strictum C.H.Wright (1894:127)
- Solanum campanuliflorum C.H.Wright (1894:127)
- Lectotype: H.H. Johnston s.n. (K00414073, K)
- Designated by Knapp & Vorontsova (2016).
- Type location: Angola. Cunene: Cunene [River], Sep 1883.
- Lectotype: H.H. Johnston s.n. (K00414073, K)
- Solanum nakurense C.H.Wright (1897:275)
- Solanum symphyostemon De Wild. & T.Durand (1899: 44)
- Solanum lujaei De Wild. & T.Durand (1899:209)
- Lectotype: É. Luja 112 (BR0000014800313, BR)
- Designated by Knapp & Vorontsova (2016).
- Type location: Democratic Republic of the Congo. Bas-Congo: "Sona Gunga, cataractes", 21 Nov 1898.
- Lectotype: É. Luja 112 (BR0000014800313, BR)
- Solanum togoense Dammer (1906a:59)
- Solanum buchwaldii Dammer (1906b:180)
- Solanum plousianthemum var. buchwaldii (Dammer) Bitter (1917:459)
- Lectotype: J. Buchwald 542 (B, destroyed, no duplicate known)
- Designated by Bitter (1917:450).
- Type location: Tanzania. Tanga: Usambara (Mtns., Lushoto District), Muafa, Apr (1900).
- Lectotype: J. Buchwald 542 (B, destroyed, no duplicate known)
- Solanum bilabiatum Dammer (1906b:181)
- Holotype: A.F. Moller 146 (Type probably at B and destroyed, no duplicate found, Knapp & Vorontsova, 2016)
- Type location: São Tomé and Principe. São Tomé: Sin. loc., 2-7 m, (1885).
- Solanum comorense Dammer (1906b:181)
- Neotype: L. Humblot 1284 (P00184319, P)
- Isoneotypes: BM (BM000887171), K (K000788514)
- Designated by D'Arcy & Rakotozafy (1994:126). This material may be original and a lectotype instead, see D'Arcy & Rakotozafy (1994:127) for a detailed discussion.
- Type location: Mayotte (French Overseas Department). Maore: forêt du Combani, 6 Oct 1884.
- Solanum laurentii Dammer (1906b:182), nom. illeg. non S. laurentii De Wild., 1905 (=S. anomalum
Thonn., 1827) - Solanum subcoriaceum T.Durand & H.Durand (1909:394), nom. nov.
- Holotype: "Congo, Laurent s.n." (probably destroyed at B, no duplicate found)
- Neotype: M. Laurent 701 (BR0000014801273, BR)
- Designated by Knapp & Vorontsova (2016), see that publication for details regarding the difficulty of determining possible duplicates of the holotype.
- Type locality: Democratic Republic of the Congo. Équateur: environs d'Eala, 11 May 1905.
- Solanum plousianthemum Dammer (1906b:180)
- Lectotype: C. Holst 3731 (B, destroyed, no duplicate known)
- Designated by Bitter (1917:457). The lectotypification of Edmonds (2012) is superfluous, and would make this name homotypic with Bitter's var. conglutinans (Knapp & Vorontsova, 2016).
- Type location: Tanzania. "Usambara, im Gebüsch niederer Hügel", Jul 1892.
- Lectotype: C. Holst 3731 (B, destroyed, no duplicate known)
- Solanum suberosum Dammer (1906b:182)
- Type: 7 syntypes, no duplicate yet located (Kanpp & Vorontsova, 2016)
- Solanum preussii Dammer (1906b:183)
- Solanum lykipiense C.H.Wright (1906:220)
- Solanum nakurense var. lykipiense (C.H.Wright) Bitter (1917:449)
- Lectotype: J. Thomson s.n. (K000096902, K)
- Designated by Knapp & Vorontsova (2016).
- Type location: Kenya. Rift Valley: Lykypia, 6000-8000 ft.
- Lectotype: J. Thomson s.n. (K000096902, K)
- Solanum mangaschae Pax (1907:648)
- Holotype: F. Rosen s.n. (WRSL?)
- Type location: Ethiopia. Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples: "Amaniel am Gazerit", 2300, 2 Apr 1905.
- Solanum leucanthum Dammer (1911:284)
- Type: 2 syntypes, no duplicate yet located (Kanpp & Vorontsova, 2016)
- Solanum aculeolatum Dammer (1912:237), nom. illeg. non S. aculeolatum M.Martens & Galeotti, 1845 (=S. refractum
Hook. & Arn., 1838) - Solanum massaiense Bitter (1912:18), nom. nov.
- Lectotype: F. Thomas s.n. (E00193280, E, holotype at B destroyed, Knapp & Vorontsova, 2016)
- Designated by Knapp & Vorontsova (2016).
- Type location: Kenya. "Escarpment, in Lichtungen", 2500 m, Feb 1903.
- Lectotype: F. Thomas s.n. (E00193280, E, holotype at B destroyed, Knapp & Vorontsova, 2016)
- Solanum penduliflorum Dammer (1912:255)
- Holotype: G.S. Baker 133 (B, destroyed; no duplicate found, Knapp & Vorontsova, 2016)
- Type location: Kenya. Rift Valley: "Mau Plateau, common railway cuttings and open places, Molo, Ravine, Londiani and Njoro", 2300-3000 m.
- Solanum bansoense Dammer (1912:237)
- Holotype: C.L. Ledermann 5778 (B, destroyed; no duplicate found, Knapp & Vorontsova, 2016)
- Type location: Cameroon. Nord-Ouest: "Bansso-Gebirge", 1700 m, Oct 1909.
- Solanum holtzii Dammer (1915:329)
- Solanum plousianthemum subsp. holtzii (Dammer) Bitter (1917:467)
- Holotype: W. Holtz 3148 (B, destroyed; no duplicate found, Knapp & Vorontsova, 2016)
- Type location: Tanzania. Morogoro: "Uluguru, Bez. Morogoro, Waldreservat Banduki II", Mar 1913.
- Solanum rhodesianum Dammer (1915:326)
- Solanum plousianthemum var. rhodesianum (Dammer) Bitter (1917:461)
- Lectotype: C.F.M. Swynnerton 86 (K000414111, K)
- Isolectotype: K (K000414112), BM (BM000838178)
- Designated by Knapp & Vorontsova (2016).
- Type location: Zimbabwe. Manicaland: Melener, Chirinda Forest, 9 Oct 1905.
- Solanum stolzii Dammer (1915:327)
- Solanum meyeri-johannis Dammer (1915:328)
- Holotype: Dr. Houy 1242 (B, destroyed; no duplicate found, Knapp & Vorontsova, 2016)
- Type location: Tanzania. "Ussagara, Bez. Kilossa, Bugaberge" Nov-Dec 1911.
- Solanum lateritium Dammer (1915:325)
- Solanum leucanthum [[Friedrich August Georg Bitter|Bitter]] & Dammer (1917:456), nom. illeg. non S. leucanthum Dammer, 1911.
- Holotype: J. Mildbraed 894 (B, destroyed; no duplicate found, Knapp & Vorontsova, 2016)
- Type location: Rwanda. Western: Rukarara, Rugege Forest, 2900 m, Aug 1907.
- Solanum hemisymphyes Bitter (1917:477)
- Holotype: J. Mildbraed 2238 (B, destroyed; no duplicate found, Knapp & Vorontsova, 2016)
- Type location: Democratic Republic of the Congo. Nord-Kivu: Kwa Muera, Fort Beni, Jun 1908.
- Solanum plousianthemum subsp. kasima Bitter (1917:468)
- Solanum plousianthemum var. angustifrons Bitter (1917:462)
- Holotype: G. Volkens 2109 (B, destroyed; no duplicate found, Knapp & Vorontsova, 2016)
- Type location: Tanzania. Kilimanjaro: Mount Kilimanjaro, Marangu, 1500 m, Apr 1894.
- Solanum plousianthemum var. commixtum Bitter (1917:464)
- Solanum plousianthemum var. conglutinans Bitter (1917:461)
- Solanum plousianthemum var. devians Bitter (1917:466)
- Holotype: J. Mildbraed 336 (B, destroyed; no duplicate found, Knapp & Vorontsova, 2016)
- Type location: Rwanda. "Mpororo (Rufua), Issenge-Posten, an nordlichen Zuflussen Kagera", Jul 1907.
- Solanum plousianthemum var. endosiphonotrichum Bitter (1917:466)
- Holotype: Dr. Kandt 147 (B, destroyed; no duplicate found, Knapp & Vorontsova, 2016)
- Type location: Rwanda. Southern: Mount Niansa (Nyanza), 1700 m.
- Solanum plousianthemum var. microstelidium Bitter (1917:461)
- Holotype: H. Meyer 909 (B, destroyed; no duplicate found, Knapp & Vorontsova, 2016)
- Type location: Rwanda. Western: Lake Kivu, Lubengera, Mugarura Island.
- Solanum plousianthemum var. epapillosum Bitter (1917:464)
- Holotype: G. Volkens 1991 (B, destroyed; no duplicate found, Knapp & Vorontsova, 2016)
- Type location: Tanzania. Kilimanjaro: Mount Kilimanjaro, Useri, 2200 m, Mar 1894.
- Solanum plousianthemum var. gracilifilum Bitter (1917:463)
- Lectotype: G. Volkens 2265 (BR0000006495794, BR)
- Designated by Knapp & Vorontsova (2016).
- Type location: Tanzania. Kilimanjaro: Mount Kilimanjaro, Marangu, 2000 m, May 1894.
- Lectotype: G. Volkens 2265 (BR0000006495794, BR)
- Solanum plousianthemum var. subtusbarbellatum Bitter (1917:467)
- Solanum plousianthemum var. ugandae Bitter (1917:460)
- Lectotype: F. Stuhlmann 1329 (K000413994, K)
- Designated by Knapp & Vorontsova (2016).
- Type location: "Uganda", 1 Jan 1891.
- Lectotype: F. Stuhlmann 1329 (K000413994, K)
- Solanum plousianthemum var. kundelunguense Bitter (1917:467)
- Solanum ruandae Bitter (1917:471)
- Holotype: J. Mildbraed 1431a (B, destroyed; no duplicate found, Knapp & Vorontsova, 2016)
- Type location: Rwanda/Democratic Republic of the Congo: Kissenye, "Bugoyer Hügelland, Hecken", 2100 m, 27 Oct 1907.
- Solanum suberosum var. calvum Bitter} (1917:486)
- Syntypes: A. Weberbauer 38, 60 (B, destroyed; no duplicate found, Knapp & Vorontsova, 2016)
- Type location: Type. Cameroon. Sud-Ouest (?): "Nordwestkamerum, Spitze des Kamerumberges" [Mount Cameroon)].
- Solanum suberosum var. ramosivelutinum Bitter (1917:486)
- Holotype: J. Mildbraed 3038 (B, destroyed; no duplicate found, Knapp & Vorontsova, 2016)
- Type location: Democratic Republic of the Congo. Orientale: Ituri, Irumu-Mawambi, Apr.
- Solanum sychnoteranthum Bitter (1917:471)
- Solanum plousianthemum var. angustatum Bitter (1922:302)
- Holotype: W. von Brehmer 891 (herbarium unknown; no duplicate found, Knapp & Vorontsova, 2016)
- Type location: Tanzania. Morogoro: "Ulugurus", 19 Oct 1013.
- Solanum plousianthemum var. kyimbilense Bitter (1922:302)
- Lectotype: A. Stolz 2315 (K000413990, K)
- Isolectotype: K (K000414991), A (A00139637, A00219304), BM (BM000838180), BR (BR0000006495107), CAS (CAS-130438), P (P00341613)
- Designated by Knapp & Vorontsova (2016).
- Type location: Tanzania. Mbeya: Bex, Neu-Langenburg, Kyimbila, near Madehani, 2000 m, 3 Dec 1913.
- Solanum bansoense var. episporadotrichum Bitter (1922:303)
- Holotype: G. Mildbraed 8555 (B, destroyed; no duplicate found, Knapp & Vorontsova, 2016)
- Type location: Cameroon. Est: at junction of Sanaga [River?] with the Djerem [River], ["hylaea um Deng-Deng"], 250 km NE of Yaounde, between Mbo's and Sardi, southwest of Deng-Deng, 8 Mar 1914.
- Solanum bansoense subsp. sanaganum Bitter (1922:304)
- Solanum terminale subsp. sanaganum (Bitter) Heine (1960:248)
- Lectotype: G. Mildbraed 8619 (K000414042, K)
- Designated by Knapp & Vorontsova (2016).
- Type location: Cameroon. Est: at junction of Sanaga [River?] with the Djerem [River], ["hylaea um Deng-Deng"], 250 km NE of Yaounde, between Mbo's and Sardi, southwest of Deng-Deng, 8 Mar 1914.
- Lectotype: G. Mildbraed 8619 (K000414042, K)
- Solanum welwitschii var. laxepaniculatum Bitter (1922:306)
- Lectotype: G. Mildbraed 5265 (HBG511510, HBG)
- Designated by Knapp & Vorontsova (2016).
- Type location: Cameroon. Est: [Upper Nyong District], Lomie District, Dscha region, in Tugumedjo's village, 13°30-12°25 W latitude, 18 May 1911.
- Lectotype: G. Mildbraed 5265 (HBG511510, HBG)
- Solanum lianiforme De Wild. (1922:427)
- Lectotype: J. Bequaert 6531 (BR0000008993489, BR)
- Isolectotype: BR (BR0000008994448, 2 sheets)
- Designated by Knapp & Vorontsova (2016).
- Type location: Democratic Republic of the Congo. Nord-Kivu: Walikale, 7 Jan 1915.
- Solanum butaguense De Wild. (1922:424)
- Lectotype: J. Bequaert 3616 (BR0000008994431, BR)
- Isolectotype: BR (BR0000008993502, BR0000008993472)
- Designated by Knapp & Vorontsova (2016).
- Type location: Democratic Republic of the Congo. Nord-Kivu: Butagu, Ruwenzori, ca. 2200 m, 13 Apr 1914.
- Solanum balboanum Chiov. (1935:87)
- Lectotype: P.G. Balbo 579 (FT003031, FT)
- Designated by Knapp & Vorontsova (2016).
- Type location: Kenya. Central: Tusu, 1 Feb 1911.
- Lectotype: P.G. Balbo 579 (FT003031, FT)
References
[edit]- Bitter, G. (1912) Solana nova vel minus cognita II. Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11(1–3):1–18. DOI: 10.1002/fedr.19120110103.
- Bitter, G. (1917) Solana Africana II. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 54:416–506. BHL.
- Bitter, G. (1922) Solana nova vel minus cognita. XXI. Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 18(19‐30):301-309. DOI: 10.1002/fedr.19220181906. BHL.
- Chiovenda, E. (1935) Raccolte botaniche (Embryophyta Diploidalia) fatte dai Missionari della Consolata nel Kenya, 1935. Lav. R. Ist. Bot. Modena 6. 161 p. Modena: R. Orto Botanico.
- Dammer, U. (1906a)["1907"] Solanaceae africanae. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 38:57–60.
- Dammer, U. (1906b)["1907"] Solanaceae africanae I. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 38:176–196.
- Dammer, U. (1911)["1914"] Solanaceae. Pp. 282–285 in Mildbraed, J. (ed.), Wissenschaftliche ergebnisse der Deutschen Zentral-Africa-Expedition (1907–1908), Band. 2, Botanik. Leipzig: Klinkhardt & Biermann. BHL.
- Dammer, U. (1912) "Solanaceae africanae II". Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 48:224–260.
- Dammer, U. (1915) "Solanaceae africanae III". Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 53:325–352.
- D'Arcy, W.G. & A. Rakotozafy. (1994) "Solanaceae. Famille 176". In: Morat, P. (Ed.) Flore de Madagascar et des Comores. Muséum National D’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 1–146.
- De Wildeman, É. (1899-1900) Contributions à la Flore du Congo. Ann. Mus. Congo. Bot., ser. 2. Bruxelles: Charles Vende Weghe.
- De Wildeman, É.A.J. (1921-1922) Plantae Bequaertianae Études sur les Récoltes Botaniques du Dr. J. Bequaert, Chargé de Missions au Congo Belge (1913-1915). Volume 1. Gent, Paris.
- Dunal, M.F. 1852. Solanaceae. In Candolle, A.L.P.P. de (ed.) Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis 13(1): 1–690. V. Masson, Paris. BHL. Reference page.
- Durand, T., & De Wildeman, É. (1899). Matériaux pour la Flore du Congo: Sixième Fascicule. Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belg. 38:171–220. JSTOR.
- T.Durand & Durand, H. (1909). Sylloge Florae Congolanae [Phanerogamae]. Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles, 2:1–716. DOI: 10.2307/3666516. BHL.
- Edmonds, J.M. (2012) Flora of Tropical East Africa: Solanaceae. Ed. Beentje, H. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. ISBN 978-1-84246-395-6. Reference page.
- Forsskål, P. (†). 1775. Flora Aegyptiaco-Arabica. Sive descriptiones plantarum, quas per Aegyptum inferiorem et Arabiam felicem detexit, illustravit Petrus Forskål. Post mortem auctoris edidit Carsten Niebuhr. Ex officina Mölleri, Hauniae [Copenhagen]. DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.41 BHL Reference page.
- Heine, H. (1960). Notes on Solanum. Kew Bull. 14(2)245–249. DOI: 10.2307/4114799.
- Knapp, S. & Vorontsova, M.S. (2016) A revision of the "African Non-Spiny" Clade of Solanum L. (Solanum sections Afrosolanum Bitter, Benderianum Bitter, Lemurisolanum Bitter, Lyciosolanum Bitter, Macronesiotes Bitter, and Quadrangulare Bitter: Solanaceae). PhytoKeys 66:1–142.DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.66.8457.
- Lester, R.N. (1997) "Typification of nineteen names of African Solanum species described by A. Richard and others, including S. campylacanthum and S. panduriforme". Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 125:(4)273–293. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8339.1997.tb02258.x.
- Pax, F. (1907) Die von Felix Rosen in Abyssinien gesammelten Pflanzen. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 39:602-622. BHL.
- Richard, A. 1847–1848. Tentamen Florae Abyssinicae. Vol. 2. V+518 pp. Arthus Bertrand, Paris.
- Anon. (1894) Diagnoses Africanæ, X. Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1897:243–300. DOI: 10.2307/4114938.
- Wright, C.H. (1894) Diagnoses Africanæ, III. Solanaceæ. Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1894:126–129. DOI: 10.2307/4113172.
- Wright, C.H. (1906) Order XCI. Solanaceae. Pp. 207–260 in Thiselton-Dyer, W.T. (ed.), Flora of Tropical Africa, Vol. 4 part 2, Hydrophyllaceae to Pedalineae. London: Lovell Reeve and Co. BHL.
Vernacular names
[edit](Knapp & Vorontsova, 2016)
lingála: Kongalo N Pako
ikirundi: Agatoretore
Ikinyarwanda: Umuranuhankuba
ikirundi: Agatoretore
Ikinyarwanda: Umuranuhankuba