Phasmatodea

Taxonavigation

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Cladus: Pancrustacea
Cladus: Allotriocarida
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Supercohort: Polyneoptera
Ordo: Phasmatodea
Subordines: Agathemerodea – Euphasmatodea – Timematodea
Superfamiliae: †Susumanioidea
Familiae: †Archipseudophasmatidae

Name

Phasmatodea Jacobson & Bianchi, 1902

Synonyms

Phasmida Leach, 1815
Cheleutoptera Crampton, 1915
Phasmatoptera Jeannel, 1947

References

Additional references

Bradler, S. 2009. Die Phylogenie der Stab- und Gespenstschrecken (Insecta: Phasmatodea) [Phylogeny of the stick and leaf insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea)]. Species, Phylogeny and Evolution 2: 3–139. ISBN 978-3-940344-61-8. DOI: 10.17875/gup2009-710 . Academia.edu . ResearchGate . Reference page.
Bradler, S., Robertson, J.A. & Whiting, M.F. 2014. A molecular phylogeny of Phasmatodea with emphasis on Necrosciinae, the most species-rich subfamily of stick insects. Systematic Entomology 39(2): 205–222. DOI: 10.1111/syen.12055 . Reference page.
Brock, P.D. & Marshall, J.A. 2011. Order Phasmida Leach, 1815. P 198 In Zhang, Z.-Q. (ed.) 2011. Animal biodiversity: an outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness. Zootaxa 3148: 1–237. Open access. Reference page. . (PDF) Reference page.
Brock, P.D., Marshall, J.A., Beccaloni, G. & Harman, A.J.E. 2016. The types of Phasmida in the Natural History Museum, London, UK. Zootaxa 4179(2): 151–208. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4179.2.1. Reference page.
Buckley, T.R., Attanayake, D., Nylander, J.A.A. & Bradler, S. 2010. The phylogenetic placement and biogeographical origins of the New Zealand stick insects (Phasmatodea). Systematic Entomology 35(2): 207–225. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3113.2009.00505.x . Reference page.
Hennemann, F.H.; Conle, O.V. 2008: Revision of Oriental Phasmatodea: The tribe Pharnaciini Günther, 1953, including the description of the world's longest insect, and a survey of the family Phasmatidae Gray, 1835 with keys to the subfamilies and tribes (Phasmatodea: "Anareolatae": Phasmatidae). Zootaxa, 1906: 1–316. Abstract & excerpt
Jewell, T.; Brock, P.D. 2002: A review of the New Zealand stick insects: new genera and synonymy, keys, and a catalogue. Journal of Orthoptera research, 11: 189–197.
Miskelly, J. & Paiero, S.M. 2019. Mantodea, Blattodea, Orthoptera, Dermaptera, and Phasmida of Canada. Pp 255–269 In Langor, D.W. & Sheffield, C.S. (eds.). The Biota of Canada – A Biodiversity Assessment. Part 1: The Terrestrial Arthropods. ZooKeys 819: 520 pp. Reference page. . DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.819.27241 Reference page.
Nel, A. & Delfosse, E. 2011. A new Chinese Mesozoic stick insect. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 56(2): 429–432. DOI: 10.4202/app.2009.1108 . Reference page.
Robertson, J.A., Bradler, S. & Whiting, M.F. 2018. Evolution of Oviposition Techniques in Stick and Leaf Insects (Phasmatodea). Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 6: 216. DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2018.00216 . Reference page.
Salmon, J.T. 1991: The stick insects of New Zealand. Reed, Auckland.
Simon, S., Letsch, H., Bank, S., Buckley, T.R., Donath, A., Liu, S., Machida, R., Meusemann, K., Misof, B., Podsiadlowski, L., Zhou, X., Wipfler, B. & Bradler, S. 2019. Old world and new world Phasmatodea: phylogenomics resolve the evolutionary history of stick and leaf insects. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 7: 345. DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00345 . Reference page.
Tilgner, E. 2001. The fossil record of Phasmida (Insecta: Neoptera). Insect Systematics & Evolution 31(4): 473–480. DOI: 10.1163/187631200X00507 .
Velonà, A., Brock, P.D., Hasenpusch, J. & Mantovani, B. 2015: Cryptic diversity in Australian stick insects (Insecta; Phasmida) uncovered by the DNA barcoding approach. Zootaxa 3957(4): 455–466. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3957.4.6. Preview (PDF) Reference page.
Zompro, O. 2001. Stick Insects in Baltic Amber. Phasmid Studies 10(2): 41–44. BHL.

Links

Phasmatodea – Taxon details on Encyclopedia of Life (EOL).
Phasmatodea – Taxon details on Fauna Europaea.
Phasmatodea – Taxon details on Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF).
Phasmatodea – Taxon details on Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera (IRMNG).
Phasmatodea – Taxon details on Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
Phasmatodea – Taxon details on National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).
Phasmatodea – Taxon details on New Zealand Organisms Register (NZOR).
Phasmatodea – Taxon details on Phasmida Species File.

Vernacular names

Afrikaans: stokinsekte
Alemannisch: Gspängschtschrecke
беларуская: Палачнікі
català: Fasmatodeu
čeština: Strašilky
dansk: Vandrende pinde
Deutsch: Gespenstschrecken, Stabschrecken, Phasmiden
English: Stick insects (Europe), Walking sticks (USA), Ghost insects and Leaf insects
español: Fásmidos
eesti: Kojuselised
français: Phasmoptères
עברית: מקלונאים
magyar: Botsáskák
italiano: Fasmidi
日本語: ナナフシ目
한국어: 대벌레목 (죽절충목)
lietuvių: Gyvalazdės
Nederlands: Wandelende takken
norsk: Spøkelsesinsekter
polski: Straszyki
Runa Simi: Yant\'a kuru
русский: Привиденьевые
slovenčina: Pakobylky
slovenščina: Posnemalci
svenska: Spökskräckor
粵語: 竹節蟲目
中文: 竹節蟲目

For more multimedia, look at Phasmatodea on Wikimedia Commons.