Mitragyna diversifolia

Mitragyna diversifolia

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Gentianales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Eudicots Cladus: Core eudicots Cladus: Asterids Cladus: Lamiids Ordo: Gentianales

Familia: Rubiaceae
Subfamilia: Cinchonoideae
Tribus: Naucleeae
Genus: Mitragyna
Species: Mitragyna diversifolia

Name

Mitragyna diversifolia (Wall. ex G.Don) Havil., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 33: 71 (1897)

• Typus: Wallich Cat. 6096 C (1826; lectotypus: K001123024^(JSTOR)) fide Ridsdale (1978: 65).
• Type locality: [Burma.] Ripa Irawaddi[​Ayeyarwady] ad Prome[​Pyay] et Avam[​Inwa].

Synonyms

• Basionym
  • Nauclea diversifolia Wall. [Cat. 6096, pro parte] ex G.Don, Gen. Hist. 3: 467 (1834)
• Homotypic
  • Nauclea parvifolia var. diversifolia (Wall. ex G.Don) Kurz, Forest Fl. Burma 2: 67 (1877), as 'Var. 2, diversifolia'; et J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 46: 127 (1877), as 'Var. β. diversifolia'
  • Stephegyne diversifolia Benth. & Hook.f., Gen. Pl. 2(1): 31 (1873), nom. inval.
  • Stephegyne diversifolia (Wall. ex G.Don) Brandis, Forest Fl. N.W. India: 263 (1874), in obs.
  • Stephegyne diversifolia (Wall. ex G.Don) Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 3: 26 (1880), pro parte, isonym
• Heterotypic
  • Nauclea africana var. luzoniensis DC., Prodr. 4: 345 (1830); as N. Africana β. Luzoniensis; not accepted by Imkhanitskaya (1996: 8) [cited as Mitragyna diversifolia]
    • Typus: A. v. Chamisso s.n. (lectotypus: LE sub nom. Nauclea africana W[illd.]), designated by Imkhanitskaya (1996: 8).
    • Type locality: [The Philippines.] In ins. Luzoniâ[Luzon] Philippinarum[: Manila].
  • Mamboga capitata Blanco, Fl. Filip.: 140 (1837); not accepted by Merrill (1918: 360; 1923: 508) [cited as Mitragyna rotundifolia], Ridsdale (1978: 65) and Govaerts (2003) [cited as Mitragyna diversifolia]
    • Typus: not known fide Ridsdale (1978: 65).
  • Nauclea adina Blanco, Fl. Filip., ed. 2: 102 (1845), nom. inval., non Sm., Cycl. [A. Rees], (London ed.): no. 13 (1813) [= Adina pilulifera (Lam.) Franch. ex Drake]; not accepted by Merrill (1918: 360; 1923: 508) [cited as Mitragyna rotundifolia], Ridsdale (1978: 65) and Govaerts (2003) [cited as Mitragyna diversifolia]
  • Nauclea luzoniensis Blanco, Fl. Filip., ed. 2: 102 (1845), nom. inval., non Nauclea luzonensis D.Dietr., Syn. Pl. 1: 791 (1839); not accepted by Merrill (1918: 360; 1923: 508) [cited as Mitragyna rotundifolia], Ridsdale (1978: 65) [cited as Mitragyna diversifolia] and Govaerts (2003) [cited as Mitragyna speciosa]
  • Mitragyna javanica Koord. & Valeton, Meded. Lands Plantentuin 59: 38 (1902); not accepted by Ridsdale (1978: 65) and Govaerts (2003) [cited as Mitragyna diversifolia]
    • Typus: P.W. Korthals s.n. (lectotypus: L 0000739) fide Ridsdale (1978: 65).
    • Type locality: [Indonesia.] Java: Krawang[​Karawang].

Misapplied names

• Nauclea africana auct. non Willd. [≡ Mitragyna inermis (Willd.) Kuntze]: Cham. & Schltdl., Linnaea 4: 148 (1829)
  • Note: see Nauclea africana var. luzoniensis DC.
• Stephegyne parvifolia auct. non (Roxb.) Korth. [≡ Mitragyna parvifolia (Roxb.) Korth.]: Korth., Verh. Nat. Gesch. Ned. Bezitt., Bot.: 161 (1840), pro parte; S.Vidal, Sinops.: t. 56, f. A (1883); Pit., Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H. Lecomte et al.] 3: 42 (1922)
  • Note: see Merrill (1923: 508), Ridsdale (1978: 65); the lectotype of Mitragyna javanica Koord. & Valeton was first mentioned under this name by Korthals (1840).
• Mitragyna diversifolia var. microphylla auct. non (Kurz) Craib [≡ Mitragyna parvifolia var. microphylla (Kurz) Ridsdale]: Craib, Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. 1911: 386 (1911), pro parte; Aberdeen Univ. Stud. 57: 99 (1912), pro parte
• Mitragyna javanica var. microphylla auct. non (Kurz) Craib [≡ Mitragyna parvifolia var. microphylla (Kurz) Ridsdale]: Craib, Fl. Siam. 2: 12 (1932), pro parte
  • Note: see Ridsdale (1978: 65).
• Mitragyna rotundifolia auct. non (Roxb.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 289 (1891): Merr., Fl. Manila: 446 (1912)
  • Note: see Ridsdale (1978: 65).

Distribution

Native distribution areas:
Continental: Asia-Temperate Regional: China China South-Central (Yunnan) Continental: Asia-Tropical Regional: Indian Subcontinent Bangladesh (fide WCSP) Regional: Indo-China Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam Regional: Malesia Jawa, Malaya, Philippines References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

References

Primary references

• Wallich, N. 1828–1849. A Numerical List of Dried Specimens of plants in the Museum of the Honl. East India Company, which have been supplied by Dr. Wallich, superintendent of the botanic garden at Calcutta. London. BHL Reference page. 
• Don, G. 1834. A general history of the dichlamydeous plants, comprising complete descriptions of the different orders; ...; the whole arranged according to the natural system. Vol. III. — Calyciiflorae. VIII+867 pp. J.G. and F. Rivington, et al., London. BHL Reference page. 
• Haviland, G.D. 1897. A Revision of the Tribe Naucleeae. Journal of the Linnean Society. Botany 33(228): 1–94. BHL Reference page. 

Additional references

• Chamisso, A. de & Schlechtendal, D. de. 1829. De plantis in expeditione speculatoria Romanzoffiana observatis. Rubiaceae. Linnaea 4: 1–36, 129–202. BHL BHL Reference page. 
• De Candolle, A.P. 1830. Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis, sive enumeratio contracta ordinum, generum, specierumque plantarum huc usque cognitarum, juxta methodi naturalis normas digesta. Pars 4: Sistens Calyciflorarum ordines X. 683 pp. Treuttel et Würtz, Parisiis [Paris]. BHL Reference page. 
• Blanco, M. 1837. Flora de Filipinas. Segun el Sistema sexual de Linneo. 887 p., Impr. de St. Thomas, Manila. Biblioteca Digital MDZ Reference page. 
• Korthals, P.W. 1842. Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen door de Leden der Natuurkundinge commissie in Indië en andere Schrijvers. Vol. 2 [Botanie, 1839–1842]: [i]–[iv], 1–259, pls. 1–70. Leiden. BHL Reference page. 
• Blanco, M. 1845. Flora de Filipinas, segun el sistema sexual de Linneo. Ed. 2. 619 pp. M. Sanchez, Manila. BHL. Reference page. 
• Bentham, G. & Hooker, J.D. 1873. Genera Plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis Kewensibus servata definita. Vol. 2, pars I. Sistens Dicotyledonum Gamopetalarum ordines VI, Caprifoliaceas–Compositas. Pp. I–XII, 1–554. Lovell Reeve & Co., Williams & Norgate, Londini [London]. BHL Reference page. 
• Stewart, J.L. (†) & Brandis, D. 1874. The Forest Flora of North-West and Central India: A Handbook of the Indigenous Trees and Shrubs of those Countries. London: Wm. H. Allen & Co. BHL Reference page. 
• Kurz, S. 1877. Forest Flora of British Burma. Vol. 2. Calcutta. BHL Reference page. 
• Kurz, S. 1877. Contributions towards a knowledge of the Burmese Flora. (Continued from Vol. XLV, p. 310.) Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. Part 2. Physical Science 46(2): 49–258. BHL Reference page. 
• Hooker, J.D., assisted by various botanists, 1880–1882. The Flora of British India Vol. 3. Caprifoliaceae to Apocynaceae. 712 pp. London: L. Reeve. BHL Reference page. 
• Vidal, S. 1883. Sinopsis de familias y generos de plantas leñosas de Filipinas, introduccion à la flora forestal del archipelago Filipino. Manila. Texto: BHL. Atlas: Biblioteca Digital. Reference page. 
• Koorders, S.H. & Valeton, T. 1902. Bijdrage N°. 8 tot de Kennis der Boomsoorten op Java. Mededeelingen uit 's Lands Plantentuin 59. Batavia: G. Kolff & Co. BHL Reference page. 
• Craib, W.G. 1911. Contributions to the Flora of Siam. II. List of Siamese Plants, with Descriptions of New Species–continued. Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Royal Gardens, Kew 1911(10): 385–448. JSTOR BHL Reference page. 
• Merrill, E.D. 1918. Species Blancoanae. A critical revision of the Philippine species of plants described by Blanco and Llanos. 432 pp., Bureau of Printing, Manila. Biblioteca Digital Reference page. 
• Pitard, J. 1922–1933. Rubiacées. Pp. 20–442. In: Lecomte, H., Humbert, H. & Gagnepain, F. (eds.), Flore générale de l'Indo-Chine. Tome troisième: Caprifoliacées à Apocynacées. Paris: Masson et C^ie. BHL Reference page. 
• Merrill, E.D. 1923. An Enumeration of Philippine Flowering Plants. Volume 3. 628 pp., Manila: Bureau of Printing. BHL Reference page. 
• Ridsdale, C.E. 1978. A revision of Mitragyna and Uncaria (Rubiaceae). Blumea 24(1): 43–100. PDF Reference page. 
• Imkhanitskaya, N.N. 1996. [Annotated list of the Rubiaceae taxa collected by A. Chamisso and J.F. Eschscholtz in the voyage of exploration round the World in 1815–1818 on the brig «Rurick» under the command of Captain O. E. Kotzebue, kept in Komarov Botanical Institute Herbarium (LE). 1. Subfamilies Cinchonoideae, Ixoroideae and Antirheoideae]. Botanicheskii Zhurnal 81(2): 1–14. (Russian) PDF. Reference page. 
• Govaerts, R.H.A. 2003. World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Database in ACCESS: 1-216203. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. [unavailable for the public] Reference page. 
• Chen Tao & Taylor, C.M. 2011. Mitragyna diversifolia. Pp. in Wu, Zh.Y. , Raven, P.H. & Hong, D.-Y. (eds.), Flora of China. Volume 19: Cucurbitaceae through Valerianaceae, with Annonaceae and Berberidaceae. Science Press, Beijing & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, ISBN 978-1-935641-04-9. efloras PDFReference page. 

Links

• Govaerts, R. et al. 2022. Mitragyna diversifolia in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2022 March 24. Reference page. 
• Govaerts, R. et al. 2021. Mitragyna diversifolia in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2021 December 14. Reference page. 
• International Plant Names Index. 2021. Mitragyna diversifolia. Published online. Accessed: 14 December 2021.
• IUCN: Mitragyna diversifolia (Wall. ex G.Don) Havil. (Least Concern)
• Tropicos.org 2021. Mitragyna diversifolia. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 14 December 2021.

Vernacular names

Ilokano: Kalapini (Merrill 1923: 508)
ភាសាខ្មែរ: ក្ទម្ព (Headley, Rath Chim & Ok Soeum 1997)
မြန်မာဘာသာ: ဘင်္ဂ (Brandis 1874: 263 [as 'Bingah'], ဦးဝင်းအောင်[U Win Aung: 2016]: 5)
Pangasinan: Mambog (Merrill 1923: 508)
Kapampangan: Mambog (Merrill 1923: 508)
ไทย: กระทุ่มนา
Tagalog: Mambog (Merrill 1923: 508)
中文: 异叶帽蕊木

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