Milium effusum

Milium effusum

Milium effusum

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Poales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Cladus: Diaphoretickes Cladus: CAM Cladus: Archaeplastida Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Monocots Cladus: Commelinids Ordo: Poales

Familia: Poaceae
Subfamilia: Pooideae
Tribus: Poeae
Subtribus: Miliinae
Genus: Milium
Species: Milium effusum

Name

Milium effusum L., Sp. Pl.: 61 (1753)

Synonyms

• Homotypic
  • Agrostis effusa (L.) Lam. in Encycl. 1: 59 (1783)
  • Decandolia effusa (L.) T.Bastard in Essai Fl. Maine et Loire: 28 (1809)
  • Melica effusa (L.) Salisb. in Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 20 (1796)
  • Miliarium effusum (L.) Moench in Methodus: 204 (1794)
  • Paspalum effusum (L.) Raspail in Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 5: 301 (1825)
• Heterotypic
  • Alopecurus effusus Link ex Kunth in Enum. Pl. 1: 328 (1833), pro syn.
  • Milium adscendens Roxb. in Hort. Bengal.: 8 (1814), nom. nud.
  • Milium alpicola (Chrtek) Landolt in Fl. Indicativa: 269 (2010)
  • Milium confertum L. in Sp. Pl.: 61 (1753)
  • Milium dubium Jacquem. ex Hook.f. in Fl. Brit. India 7: 235 (1896), pro syn.
  • Milium effusum var. alpicola (Chrtek) Soó in Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 123 (1971 publ. 1972)
  • Milium effusum subsp. alpicola Chrtek in Čas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 132: 166 (1963)
  • Milium effusum subsp. cisatlanticum (Fernald) A.Haines in Bot. Notes 13: 4 (2010)
  • Milium effusum var. cisatlanticum Fernald in Rhodora 52: 218 (1950)
  • Milium effusum var. coloratum Roshev. in Fl. Zabaical. 1: 57 (1929), nom. illeg.
  • Milium effusum var. coloratum Blytt in Norsk Fl. 2: 157 (1847)
  • Milium effusum subsp. confertum (L.) K.Richt. in Pl. Eur. 1: 34 (1890)
  • Milium effusum var. confertum Clairv. in Man. Herbor. Suisse: 13 (1811)
  • Milium effusum var. elatius Gaudin in Fl. Helv. 1: 175 (1828)
  • Milium effusum var. latifrons Podp. in Kvĕtena Moravy 6: 405 (1926)
  • Milium effusum f. lerchenfeldianum (Schur) Morariu in T.Săvulescu, Fl. Republ. Socialist. România 12: 185 (1972)
  • Milium effusum var. subacaule Jansen & Wacht. in Ned. Kruidk. Arch., ser. 3, 44: 234 (1934), nom. nud.
  • Milium effusum var. subacaule J.T.Jansen & Wacht. in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 49: f. 4 (1939)
  • Milium effusum var. variegatum Ducommun in Taschenb. Schweiz. Bot.: 855 (1869)
  • Milium effusum f. violaceum Holler ex Neuman in Sver. Fl.: 776 (1901)
  • Milium effusum var. violaceum Hegi in Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 1: 208 (1907)
  • Milium nepalense Nees in J.F.Royle, Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts.: 417 (1840), nom. nud.
  • Milium transsilvanicum Schur in Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 741 (1866)
  • Milium transsilvanicum var. lerchenfeldianum Schur in Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 741 (1866)
  • Milium willdenowii Lojac. in Fl. Sicul. 3: 292 (1909)

Homonyms

• Milium effusum Lour. = Panicum antidotale Retz.

Distribution

Native distribution areas:

Continental: Cosmopolitan RegionalːTemp. Northern Hemisphere Afghanistan, Albania, Altay, Amur, Austria, Baltic States, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Buryatiya, Central European Russia, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Connecticut, Corse, Czechia-Slovakia, Denmark, East European Russia, East Himalaya, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Illinois, Indiana, Inner Mongolia, Iowa, Ireland, Irkutsk, Italy, Japan, Kamchatka, Kazakhstan, Khabarovsk, Kirgizstan, Korea, Krasnoyarsk, Krym, Kuril Is., Labrador, Maine, Manchuria, Manitoba, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mongolia, Netherlands, New Brunswick, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Newfoundland, North Carolina, North Caucasus, North European Russia, Northwest European Russia, Norway, Nova Scotia, NW. Balkan Pen., Ohio, Ontario, Pakistan, Pennsylvania, Poland, Primorye, Qinghai, Québec, Romania, Sakhalin, Saskatchewan, Sicilia, South Dakota, South European Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Taiwan, Tennessee, Tibet, Transcaucasus, Tuva, Türkiye, Türkiye-in-Europe, Ukraine, Vermont, Virginia, West Himalaya, West Siberia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Xinjiang, Yakutiya Recorded in error in: Cyprus References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

References

Primary references

• Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum. Tomus I: 61. Reference page. 

Additional references

• Clayton, W.D., Harman, K.T. & Williamson, H. 2006. World Grass Species – Synonymy database. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Available for download as an Access file from Synonymy database. Reference page. 
• Hassler, M. & Muer, T. 2022. Flora Germanica: alle Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands in Text und Bild. 2 vols., 1712 pp., Verlag Regionalkultur (Ubstadt-Weiher). ISBN 978-3-95505-333-8 Reference page. 

Links

• Govaerts, R. et al. 2025. Milium effusum in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2025 December 17. Reference page. 
• Tropicos.org 2025. Milium effusum. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 17 December 2025. Reference page.
• International Plant Names Index. 2025. Milium effusum. Published online. Accessed: December 17 2025. Reference page.
• USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Milium effusum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 07-Oct-06. Reference page. 

Vernacular names

• Deutsch: Wald-Flattergras
• English: American milletgrass
• suomi: Lehtotesma, tesma
• français: Millet étalé

For more multimedia, look at Milium effusum on Wikimedia Commons.