Gymnadenia nigra

Gymnadenia nigra

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Asparagales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Cladus: Diaphoretickes Cladus: CAM Cladus: Archaeplastida Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Monocots Ordo: Asparagales

Familia: Orchidaceae
Subfamilia: Orchidoideae
Tribus: Orchideae
Subtribus: Orchidinae
Genus: Gymnadenia
Species: Gymnadenia nigra

Name

Gymnadenia nigra (L.) Rchb.f., Bonplandia (Hannover) 4: 321 (1856).

Synonymy

• Basionym
  • Satyrium nigrum L., Sp. Pl.: 944 (1753).
• Homotypic
  • Orchis nigra (L.) Scop., Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 2: 200 (1772).
  • Habenaria nigra (L.) R.Br. in W.T.Aiton, Hortus Kew. 5: 192 (1813).
  • Sieberia nigra (L.) Spreng., Anleit. Kenntn. Gew., ed. 2, 2(1): 282 (1817).
  • Nigritella nigra (L.) Rchb.f. in H.G.L.Reichenbach, Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. 24: 102 (1908).
• Heterotypic
  • Orchis variegata Schrank, Baier. Fl. 1: 241 (1789), nom. illeg.
  • Orchis nigra var. flore-rosea DC. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck & A.P.de Candolle, Fl. Franç., ed. 3, 5: 331 (1815), contrary to Art. 23.6. (ICN, 2012).
  • Nigritella angustifolia Rich., De Orchid. Eur.: 34 (1817).
  • Nigritella fragrans Saut. ex Rchb., Iconogr. Bot. Pl. Crit. 8: 1010 (1830).
  • Orchis atropurpurea Tausch, Flora 14: 223 (1831).
  • Orchis reichenbachii Mutel, Fl. Franç. Herbor. 3: 245 (1836).
  • Nigritella suaveolens W.D.J.Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv.: 690 (1837).
  • Nigritella suaveolens var. nigroconopsea Rchb.f. in H.G.L.Reichenbach, Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. 13-14: 104 (1851).
  • Nigritella brachystachya A.Kern., Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 15: 224 (1865).
  • Nigritella megastachya A.Kern., Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 15: 222 (1865).
  • Nigritella hybrida Schur, Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 647 (1866).
  • Orchis moritziana Brügger, Beitr. Kennt. Ung. Chur.: 58 (1874).
  • Nigritella angustifolia f. longibracteata Beck, Ann. K. K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 5: 577 (1890).
  • Gymnadenia nigra var. longibracteata (Beck) Wettst., Biblioth. Bot. 26: 92 (1892).
  • × Gymnigritella brachystachya (A.Kern.) E.G.Camus in E.G.Camus, P.Bergon & A.A.Camus, Monogr. Orchid.: 358 (1908).
  • × Gymnigritella megastachya (A.Kern.) E.G.Camus in E.G.Camus, P.Bergon & A.A.Camus, Monogr. Orchid.: 359 (1908).
  • Nigritella nigra f. longibracteata (Beck) Soó, Arch. Bot. (Leipzig) 23: 93 (1928).

Distribution

Native distribution areas:
Europe Northern Europe Norway, Sweden. Middle Europe Austria, Germany, Switzerland. Southwestern Europe France, Spain. Southeastern Europe Albania, Bulgaria, Italy, Romania, Yugoslavia. References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

References

Primary references

• Reichenbach, H.G. 1856. Bonplandia (Hannover) 4: 321.

Links

• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. 2026. GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset. Taxon: Gymnadenia nigra. Accessed: 2026 Feb 13.
• Govaerts, R. et al. 2026. Gymnadenia nigra in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2026 Feb 13. Reference page. 
• Hassler, M. 2026. Gymnadenia nigra. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2026. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2026 Feb 13. Reference page. 
• Hassler, M. 2026. World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. . Gymnadenia nigra. Accessed: 13 Feb 2026. Reference page. 
• International Plant Names Index. 2026. Gymnadenia nigra. Published online. Accessed: 13 Feb 2026. Reference page.
• Tropicos.org 2026. Gymnadenia nigra. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 13 Feb 2026. Reference page.

Vernacular names

български: Обикновена чернушка
català: Nigritel·la negra
Deutsch: Schwarzes Kohlröschen
français: Nigritelle noire
hornjoserbsce: Čorna smalnička
italiano: Nigritella nera
lietuvių: Smulkiažiedė juodukė
norsk: Svartkurle
polski: Ciemnogłów wąskolistny
svenska: Brunkulla

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