Euphorbia ingens

Euphorbia ingens, Mecufi district, Cabo Delgado Province, Mozambique

Euphorbia ingens

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Malpighiales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Cladus: Diaphoretickes Cladus: CAM Cladus: Archaeplastida Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Eudicots Cladus: Core eudicots Cladus: Rosids Cladus: Eurosids I Ordo: Malpighiales

Familia: Euphorbiaceae
Subfamilia: Euphorbioideae
Tribus: Euphorbieae
Subtribus: Euphorbiinae
Genus: Euphorbia
Subgenus: E. subg. Euphorbia
Sectio: E. sect. Euphorbia
Species: Euphorbia ingens

Name

Euphorbia ingens E.Mey. [Zwei Pflanzengeogr. Docum. (Drège) (Flora 26): 184 (1844), nom. nud.] ex Boiss., Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 15(2): 87 (1862)

• Typus: J.F. Drège 4614 (April 1832; lectotypus: S-G-2565, designated by Bruyns & Berry 2019: 837; isolectotypi: K000253383^(JSTOR), P).
• Type locality: [South Africa. Natal:] In sylvis ad[in woods near] Port Natal[, 100'].

Synonyms

• Heterotypic
  • Euphorbia reinhardtii Volkens, Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 2: 263 (1899); not accepted by Govaerts, Frodin & Radcliffe-Smith (2000) [cited as Euphorbia candelabrum var. candelabrum] and Bruyns & Berry (2019: 837) [cited as Euphorbia ingens]
    • Typus: C. Holst 8821 (B, destroyed).
    • Type locality: [Tanzania. Lushoto Distr.:] Usambara [Mtns].
  • Euphorbia confertiflora Volkens, Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 2: 266 (1899), nom. illeg. superfl.; not accepted by Govaerts, Frodin & Radcliffe-Smith (2000) [cited as Euphorbia candelabrum var. candelabrum] and Bruyns & Berry (2019: 837) [cited as Euphorbia ingens]
    • Note: see E. reinhardtii.
  • Euphorbia similis A.Berger, Sukk. Euphorb.: 69 (1907 publ. 1906); not accepted by Govaerts, Frodin & Radcliffe-Smith (2000) Bruyns (2012) and Bruyns & Berry (2019: 837) [cited as Euphorbia ingens]
    • Note: new name for Euphorbia natalensis Hort., non Bernh. ex Krauss (1845).
    • Typus: not traced by Bruyns & Berry (2019: 837).
    • Type locality: South Africa, Natal?
  • Euphorbia bilocularis N.E.Br., Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1.4): 594 (1912)
    • Typus: G. Scheffler 335 ([23 July 1909]; K; isotypi: BM000911283^(JSTOR), G00018248^(JSTOR), PRE0265120-0)
    • Type locality: British East Africa[Kenya]. Machakos Distr., Kibwezi.
  • Euphorbia tozzii Chiov., Fl. Somala 2: 407 (1932); accepted by Govaerts, Frodin & Radcliffe-Smith (2000), but not accepted by Bruyns & Berry (2019: 837) [cited as Euphorbia ingens]
    • Typus: R. Tozzi s.n. (December 1901; FT002006; isotypus: K000252882^(JSTOR)).
    • Type locality: Somalia. Upper Juba, Tonata Island, near Alessandra.
  • Euphorbia candelabrum var. bilocularis (N.E.Br.) S.Carter, Kew Bull. 42(3): 681 (1987); accepted by Govaerts, Frodin & Radcliffe-Smith (2000), but not accepted by Bruyns & Berry (2019: 837) [cited as Euphorbia candelabrum var. bilocularis]
  • Euphorbia reinhardtii var. bilocularis (N.E.Br.) Oudejans, World Cat. Species Names Published Tribe Euphorbieae (Euphorbiaceae) with their Geogr. Distrib.: 5 (1990)

Misapplied names

• Euphorbia candelabrum auct. non Welw. nec Kotschy, nom. illeg. [= Euphorbia murielii N.E.Br.]: Dale & Greenway, Kenya Trees Shrubs: 196 (1961); S.Carter, Kew Bull. 42(3): 680 (1987), pro parte quoad specim. Scheffler 335, excl. syn. E. calycina N.E.Br. [= Euphorbia murielii N.E.Br.]; S.Carter in Polhill, Fl. Trop. E, Africa, Euph. (Part 2): 485 (1988); S.Carter in Thulin, Fl. Somalia 1: 325 (1993); M.G.Gilbert in S.Edwards, Mesfin & I.Hedberg, Fl. Ethiopia & Eritrea 2(2): 336 (1995)
  • Note: see Bruyns & Berry (2019: 837).

Distribution

Native distribution areas:

Continental: Africa Regional: West-Central Tropical Africa Burundi, Rwanda, Zaïre Regional: Northeast Tropical Africa Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia Regional: East Tropical Africa Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda Regional: South Tropical Africa Angola, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe Regional: Southern Africa Botswana, Caprivi Strip, KwaZulu-Natal, Swaziland, Northern Provinces References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

References

Primary references

• Boissier, P.E. in De Candolle, A.P. (1862) Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis 15(2): 87.

Additional references

• Drège, J.F. 1843. Zwei pflanzengeographische Documente. Flora 26 (29). Besondere Beigabe, Band II: 1–230. BHL Reference page. 
• Berger, A. 1907 publ. 1906. Sukkulente Euphorbien. Beschreibung und Anleitung zum Bestimmen der kultivierten Arten, mit kurzen Angaben über die Kultur (Illustrierte Handbücher sukkulenter Pflanzen). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart. 133 pp. Internet Archive Google Books Reference page. 
• Thiselton-Dyer, W.T. 1909-1913. Flora of Tropical Africa. Vol. 6 sec.1. Nyctagineae to Euphorbiaceae. 1094 pp. London. BHL Reference page. 
• Dale, I.R. & Greenway, P.J. 1961. Kenya Trees and Shrubs. Nairobi: Buchanan's Kenya Estates and Hatchards. Internet Archive. Reference page. 
• Govaerts, R., Frodin, D.G. & Radcliffe-Smith, A. 2000. World Checklist and Bibliography of Euphorbiaceae (with Pandaceae) 1–4: 1–1622. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Reference page. 
• Bruyns, P.V. 2012. Nomenclature and typification of southern African species of Euphorbia. Bothalia 42(2): 217–245. DOI: 10.4102/abc.v42i2.23 Reference page. 
• Bruyns, P.V. & Berry, P.E. 2019. The nomenclature and application of the names Euphorbia candelabrum Welw. and Euphorbia ingens in tropical Africa. Taxon 68(4): 828–838. DOI: 10.1002/tax.12091 hdl: 2027.42/152821 Reference page. 

Links

• Govaerts, R. et al. 2022. Euphorbia ingens in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2022 February 13. Reference page. 
• Govaerts, R. et al. 2022. Euphorbia ingens in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2022 February 11. Reference page. 
• International Plant Names Index. 2022. Euphorbia ingens. Published online. Accessed: 11 February 2022. Reference page.
• IUCN: Euphorbia ingens E.Mey. ex Boiss. (Least Concern) - Assessed by Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI) & IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group on 12 June 2018.
• Tropicos.org 2022. Euphorbia ingens. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 11 February 2022. Reference page.

Vernacular names

• English: Candelabra tree
• 日本語: チュウテンカク
• Gĩkũyũ: Gĩthũũri
• chiShona: mukonde
• Türkçe: Şamdan ağacı

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