Chordata

Stem-group Chordata: †Cathaymyrus – †Pikaia – †Yunnanozoon

名

Chordata Haeckel, 1874

Classifications

Haeckel (1874)

Anthropogenie, oder Entwickelungs-geschichte des Menschen. 1st ed., 1874, [1]. 2nd unchanged ed., 1874, [2], see pp. 416, 421, 440, 441, 492, 496b.

Thierreich
- Protozoa
- Zoophyta
- Vermes
- Mollusca
- Echinoderma
- Arthropoda
- Chordonia [p. 441]
  - Tunicata
  - Vertebrata
    - Acrania
      - Leptocardia
    - Craniota
      - Monorhina
        Cyclostoma
      - Amphirhina
        Anamnia
        Pisces
        
        Dipneusta
        
        Amphibia
        
        Amniota
        Reptilia
        
        Aves
        
        Mammalia
        Monotrema
        
        Marsupialia
        
        Placentalia

Hatschek (1888)

Hatschek, B. (1888). Lehrbuch der Zoologie, 1. Lieferung, p. 40; Jena: Gustav Fischer, [3].

Protozoa
Metazoa
- Protaxonia (= Coelenterata)
  - Spongia
  - Cnidaria
  - Ctenophora
- Heteraxonia (= Bilateria)
  - Zygoneura
  - Ambulacralia [misspelling of Ambulacraria]
  - Chordonii
    - Tunicata
    - Leptocardii
    - Vertebrata
      - Cyclostomata
      - Gnathostomata

Haeckel (1894-1896)

Systematische phylogenie, 3 vols (vol. 1, Protisten und Pflanzen, 1894; vol. 2, Invertebrata, 1896; vol. 3, Vertebrata, 1895). [4]. See Kluge (2004-2015), [5].

[Vol. 2, p. 3-11:]

Metazoa
- Coelenteria (Coelenterata ss. ampl., Anaemnria, Acoelomia)
  - Gastraeades (Prometazoa)
  - Spongiae (Porifera)
  - Cnidaria (Acephalae)
  - Platodes (Plathelminthes)
- Coelomaria (Coelomata, Bilateria ss. str., Bilaterata)
  - Vermalia (Helminthes ss. str.)
  - Mollusca (Malacozoa)
  - Articulata (Arthrozoa)
  - Echinoderma (Astromia)
  - Chordonia (Chordata)
    - Tunicata (Urochorda)
    - Vertebrata (Cephalochorda)

Cavalier-Smith (1998)

A revised six-kingdom system of life, [6].

Empire or Superkingdom 1. Prokaryota

Empire or Superkingdom 2. Eukaryota

Kingdom 1. Protozoa Goldfuss 1818 stat. nov. Owen 1858 em. [almost certainly paraphyletic]
Kingdom 2. Animalia Linnaeus 1758 em. Cavalier-Smith 1995 (= Metazoa Haeckel 1874)
- Subkingdom 1. Radiata Linnaeus 1758 em. stat. nov. Cavalier-Smith 1983 [almost certainly paraphyletic]
- Subkingdom 2. Myxozoa Grassé 1970 stat. nov. Cavalier-Smith 1996
- Subkingdom 3. Bilateria Hatschek 1888 stat. nov. Cavalier-Smith 1983 [probably paraphyletic]
  - Branch 1. Protostomia Grobben 1908 [probably paraphyletic]
  - Branch 2. Deuterostomia Grobben 1908
    - Infrakingdom 1. Coelomopora Marcus 1958 (as superphylum) stat. nov.
    - Infrakingdom 2. Chordonia Haeckel 1874 em. Hatschek 1888 stat. nov.
      - Phylum 1. Urochorda Lankester 1877
      - Phylum 2. Chordata Bateson 1885 em.
        Subphylum 1. Acraniata Bleeker 1859 [probably paraphyletic]
        
        Subphylum 2. Vertebrata Cuvier 1812 (= Craniota Haeckel, Craniata auct.)
- Subkingdom 4. Mesozoa subking. nov.
  - Phylum Mesozoa van Beneden 1877
Kingdom 3. Fungi Linnaeus 1753 stat. nov. Nees 1817 em.
Kingdom 4. Plantae Haeckel 1866 em. Cavalier-Smith 1981
Kingdom 5. Chromista Cavalier-Smith 1981 em.

Hutchins et al. (2003)

Hutchins, M. et al. (eds.). Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia, 2nd ed., 17 vols., Farmington Hills, MI: Gale Group, 2003, [7].

Kingdom Animalia (= Metazoa)

Phylum Chordata
- Subphylum Urochordata
  - Class Ascidiacea
  - Class Thaliacea
  - Class Appendicularia
  - Class Sorberacea
- Subphylum Cephalochordata
  - Order Amphioxiformes
- Subphylum Craniata
  - Superclass Pisces [polyphyletic]
    - Class Myxini
      - Order Myxiniformes
    - Class Cephalaspidomorphi
      - Order Petromyzoniformes
    - Class Chondrichthyes
    - Class Sarcopterygii
    - Class Actinopterygii
  - Class Amphibia
  - Class Reptilia
  - Class Aves
  - Class Mammalia

参考文献

扩展参考

Mussini, G., Smith, M.P., Vinther, J., Rahman, I.A., Murdock, D.J.E., Harper, D.A.T. & Dunn, F.S. 2024. A new interpretation of Pikaia reveals the origins of the chordate body plan. Current Biology 34(13): 2980–2989. DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.05.026 . 参考页面.
Nielsen, C. 2012. The authorship of higher chordate taxa. Zoologica Scripta 41(4): 435–436. DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-6409.2012.00536.x .

链接

Chordata – Taxon details on Paleobiology Database.

其他语言

Alemannisch: Saitetierer
aragonés: Cordatos
العربية: حبليات
asturianu: Chordata
беларуская: Хордавыя
български: Хордови
brezhoneg: Cordados
bosanski: Hordati
català: Cordats
čeština: Strunatci
Cymraeg: Cordog
dansk: Chordater
Deutsch: Chordatiere
Ελληνικά: Χορδωτά
English: Chordates
Esperanto: Ĥorduloj
español: Cordados
eesti: Keelikloomad
suomi: Selkäjänteiset
Nordfriisk: Ragstringdiarten
français: Chordés, Cordés
Frysk: Rêchstringdier
Gaeilge: Cordaigh
galego: Cordados
ગુજરાતી: મેરૂદંડી
עברית: מיתרניים
हिन्दी: रज्जुकी
hrvatski: Svitkovci
magyar: Gerinchúrosok
հայերեն: Քորդավորներ
interlingua: Chordatos
Bahasa Indonesia: Kordata
íslenska: Seildýr
italiano: Cordati
日本語: 脊索動物門
la .lojban.: skoselti'e
한국어: 척삭동물문(脊索動物門)
kurdî: Stûnpiştdaran
Limburgs: Chordata
lietuvių: Chordiniai
latviešu: Hordaiņi
македонски: Хордати
монгол: Хөвчтөний хүрээ
မြန်မာဘာသာ: ကော်ဒိတ်
Nederlands: Chordadieren
norsk: Ryggstrengdyr
occitan: Chordata
ଓଡ଼ିଆ: କୋର୍ଡାଟା
polski: Strunowce
português: Cordado
română: Cordate
русский: Хордовые
slovenčina: Strunovce
slovenščina: Strunarji
српски / srpski: Хордати
svenska: Ryggsträngsdjur
தமிழ்: முதுகெலும்பிகள்
ไทย: สัตว์มีแกนสันหลัง
Tagalog: Tayudturan, Kordata
Türkçe: Kordalılar
українська: Хордові
اردو: حبلیات
Tiếng Việt: Động vật có dây sống
中文（简体）: 脊索动物门
中文（繁體）: 脊索動物門

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分类

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