Viola tricolor

Viola tricolor, Dollerup, Hald Sø, Jylland, Denmark

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Malpighiales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Eudicots Cladus: Core eudicots Cladus: Rosids Cladus: Eurosids I Ordo: Malpighiales

Familia: Violaceae
Genus: Viola
Subgenus: V. subg. Melanium
Sectio: V. sect. Noverculae
Species: Viola tricolor
Subspecies: V. t. subsp. curtisii – V. t. subsp. macedonica – V. t. subsp. matutina – V. t. subsp. subalpina – V. t. subsp. tricolor

Name

Viola tricolor L., Sp. Pl.: 935 (1753).

Synonyms

• Homotypic
  • Viola versicolor Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 130 (1796).
  • Mnemion tricolor (L.) Spach, Hist. Nat. Vég. 5: 515 (1836).
  • Jacea tricolor (L.) Opiz, Seznam: 54 (1852).

Distribution

Native distribution areas:

Continental: Europe Regional: Northern Europe Denmark, Finland, Føroyar, Great Britain, Iceland (introduced), Ireland, Norway, Sweden. Regional: Middle Europe Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, Switzerland. Regional: Southwestern Europe Corse, France, Spain. Regional: Southeastern Europe Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Romania, Turkey-in-Europe, Yugoslavia. Regional: Eastern Europe Belarus, Baltic States, Krym, Central European Russia, East European Russia, North European Russia, South European Russia, Northwest European Russia, Ukraine. Continental: Africa (introduced) Regional: Southern Africa KwaZulu-Natal, Northern Provinces. Regional: Western Indian Ocean Réunion. Continental: Asia-Temperate Regional: Siberia Altay, Krasnoyarsk (introduced), West Siberia. Regional: Russian Far East (introduced) Primorye, Sakhalin. Regional: Middle Asia Kazakhstan, Tadzhikistan. Regional: Caucasus North Caucasus, Transcaucasus. Regional: Western Asia Iran, Sinai (introduced), Turkey. Regional: Eastern Asia (introduced) Japan, Korea. Continental: Asia-Tropical (introduced) Regional: Indian Subcontinent Assam, Bangladesh, Pakistan, West Himalaya. Regional: Indo-China Laos, Vietnam. Continental: Northern America (introduced) Regional: Subarctic America Alaska, Yukon. Regional: Western Canada Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Saskatchewan. Regional: Eastern Canada New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Québec. Regional: Northwestern U.S.A. Colorado, Idaho, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming. Regional: North-Central U.S.A. Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, Oklahoma, Wisconsin. Regional: Northeastern U.S.A. Connecticut, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont. Regional: Southwestern U.S.A. California, Utah. Regional: South-Central U.S.A. New Mexico, Texas. Regional: Southeastern U.S.A. Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, District of Columbia. Continental: Southern America (introduced) Regional: Central America Guatemala. Regional: Caribbean Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica. Regional: Northern South America Venezuela. Regional: Western South America Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru. Regional: Brazil Brazil South. Regional: Southern South America Argentina Northeast, Argentina South, Argentina Northwest, Chile Central, Chile South. Continental: Antarctic Regional: Subantarctic Islands Tristan da Cunha. References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

References

Primary references

• Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum. Tomus II: 935. Reference page. 

Links

• Govaerts, R. et al. 2022. Viola tricolor in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2022 Jun 29. Reference page. 
• Tropicos.org 2022. Viola tricolor. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 29 Jun 2022.
• International Plant Names Index. 2022. Viola tricolor. Published online. Accessed: 29 Jun 2022.
• Hassler, M. 2022. World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. . Viola tricolor. Accessed: 29 Jun 2022.
• Euro+Med 2006 onwards: Viola tricolor in Euro+Med PlantBase – the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Published online. Accessed: 2022 Jun 29.
• USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Viola tricolor in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service.

Vernacular names

azərbaycanca: Üçrəng bənövşə
башҡортса: Ала миләүшә
беларуская: Браткі
български: Трицветна теменуга
bosanski: Poljska ljubičica
català: Pensament silvestre
kaszëbsczi: Pôchnący proliszk
čeština: Violka trojbarevná
Cymraeg: Trilliw
dansk: Almindelig Stedmoderblomst
Deutsch: Wildes Stiefmütterchen
English: Wild Pansy
español: Pensamiento salvaje
eesti: Aaskannike
فارسی: بنفشه سه‌رنگ
suomi: Keto-orvokki
français: Pensée sauvage
galego: Herba da trindade
Gaelg: Blaa villish
hrvatski: Maćuhica
magyar: Háromszínű árvácska
հայերեն: Եռագույն մանուշակ
íslenska: Þrenningarfjóla
italiano: Viola tricolore
日本語: サンシキスミレ
ქართული: იაჟუჟუნა
қазақша: Үш түсті шегіргүл
한국어: 삼색제비꽃
lietuvių: Trispalvė našlaitė
Nederlands: Driekleurig Viooltje
norsk nynorsk: Stemorsblom
norsk: Stemorsblomst
polski: Fiołek trójbarwny
português: Amor-perfeito
română: Panseluţă
русский: Фиалка трёхцветная
davvisámegiella: Gieddeviola
srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски: Maćuhica
slovenčina: Fialka trojfarebná
српски / srpski: Дан-ноћ
svenska: Styvmorsviol
Türkçe: Hercai menekşe
українська: Фіалка триколірна
Tiếng Việt: Hoa tím tam sắc
中文（简体）: 三色堇
中文（繁體）: 三色堇
中文（臺灣）: 三色堇
中文: 三色堇

For more multimedia, look at Viola tricolor on Wikimedia Commons.