Viola sororia

Taxonavigation[edit]

Taxonavigation: Malpighiales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Eudicots Cladus: Core eudicots Cladus: Rosids Cladus: Eurosids I Ordo: Malpighiales

Familia: Violaceae
Genus: Viola
Sectio: Viola sect. Nosphinium
Species: Viola sororia

Name[edit]

Viola sororia Willd., Hort. Berol. 1: 72 (1806).

Synonyms[edit]

Homotypic
- Viola cucullata var. sororia (Willd.) Torr. & A.Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 137 (1838).
- Viola palmata var. sororia (Willd.) Pollard, Bot. Gaz. 25: 332 (1898).
Heterotypic
- Viola papilionacea Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 173 (1813).
- Viola cucullata var. alba Torr. & A.Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 137 (1838).
- Viola papilionacea var. alba (Torr. & A.Gray) Farw., Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 19: 259 (1917).
- Viola domestica f. alba (Torr. & A.Gray) Farw., Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci. 2: 30 (1923).
- Viola thompsoniae Chapm., Fl. South. U.S., ed. 3: 34 (1897).
- Viola cuspidata Greene, Pittonia 3: 314 (1898).
- Viola papilionacea var. domestica Pollard in N.L.Britton, Man. Fl. N. States: 636 (1901).
- Viola laetecaerulea Greene, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 14: 70 (1901).
- Viola nodosa Greene, Pittonia 4: 296 (1901).
- Viola wilmatteae Pollard & Cockerell, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 15: 178 (1902).
- Viola allardii Greene, Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 2: 41 (1910).
- Viola planifolia Greene, Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 2: 41 (1910).
- Viola grandis Greene, Cybele Columb. 1: 28 (1914).
- Viola sororia f. beckwithiae House, Bull. New York State Mus. Nat. Hist. 243-244: 40 (1923).
- Viola papilionacea f. albiflora Grover, Ohio J. Sci. 39: 148 (1939).
- Viola alachuana Murrill, Quart. J. Florida Acad. Sci. 12: 61 (1950).
- Viola papilionacea f. michaelii Creutz, Wild Fl. 35: 9 (1959).
- Viola sororia var. incognita J.Lacey, Sida 3: 312 (1969).

Distribution[edit]

Native distribution areas:

Continental: Europe (introduced))
- Regional: Middle Europe
  - Austria.
- Regional: Southeastern Europe
  - Greece.
Continental: Asia-Temperate (introduced)
- Regional: Siberia
  - West Siberia.
- Regional: Eastern Asia
  - Japan, Korea.
Continental: Northern America
- Regional: Western Canada
  - British Columbia, Manitoba, Saskatchewan.
- Regional: Eastern Canada
  - New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Québec.
- Regional: Northwestern U.S.A.
  - Colorado, Montana.
- Regional: North-Central U.S.A.
  - Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, North Dakota, Nebraska, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Wisconsin.
- Regional: Northeastern U.S.A.
  - Connecticut, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia.
- Regional: Southwestern U.S.A.
  - Utah.
- Regional: South-Central U.S.A.
  - New Mexico, Texas.
- Regional: Southeastern U.S.A.
  - Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, District of Columbia.
- Regional: Mexico
  - Mexico Northeast, Mexico Gulf.

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2^nd Edition

References[edit]

Primary references[edit]

Willdenow, C.L. 1803–1816. Hortus Berolinensis: sive icones et descriptiones, plantarum rariorum vel minus cognitarum, quae in Horto Regio botanico Berolinensi excoluntur. Berolini: F. Schüppel. BHL Reference page.

Links[edit]

Govaerts, R. et al. 2022. Viola sororia in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2022 Jul 19. Reference page.
Tropicos.org 2022. Viola sororia. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 19 Jul 2022.
International Plant Names Index. 2022. Viola sororia. Published online. Accessed: 19 Jul 2022.
Hassler, M. 2022. World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. . Viola sororia. Accessed: 19 Jul 2022.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Viola sororia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service.

Vernacular names[edit]

English: common blue violet
suomi: Perhosorvokki

For more multimedia, look at Viola sororia on Wikimedia Commons.