Viola sororia

Viola sororia

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Malpighiales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Eudicots Cladus: Core eudicots Cladus: Rosids Cladus: Eurosids I Ordo: Malpighiales

Familia: Violaceae
Genus: Viola
Sectio: Viola sect. Nosphinium
Species: Viola sororia

Name

Viola sororia Willd., Hort. Berol. 1: 72 (1806).

Synonyms

• Homotypic
  • Viola cucullata var. sororia (Willd.) Torr. & A.Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 137 (1838).
  • Viola palmata var. sororia (Willd.) Pollard, Bot. Gaz. 25: 332 (1898).
• Heterotypic
  • Viola papilionacea Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 173 (1813).
  • Viola cucullata var. alba Torr. & A.Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 137 (1838).
    • Viola papilionacea var. alba (Torr. & A.Gray) Farw., Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 19: 259 (1917).
    • Viola domestica f. alba (Torr. & A.Gray) Farw., Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci. 2: 30 (1923).
  • Viola thompsoniae Chapm., Fl. South. U.S., ed. 3: 34 (1897).
  • Viola cuspidata Greene, Pittonia 3: 314 (1898).
  • Viola papilionacea var. domestica Pollard in N.L.Britton, Man. Fl. N. States: 636 (1901).
  • Viola laetecaerulea Greene, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 14: 70 (1901).
  • Viola nodosa Greene, Pittonia 4: 296 (1901).
  • Viola wilmatteae Pollard & Cockerell, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 15: 178 (1902).
  • Viola allardii Greene, Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 2: 41 (1910).
  • Viola planifolia Greene, Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 2: 41 (1910).
  • Viola grandis Greene, Cybele Columb. 1: 28 (1914).
  • Viola sororia f. beckwithiae House, Bull. New York State Mus. Nat. Hist. 243-244: 40 (1923).
  • Viola papilionacea f. albiflora Grover, Ohio J. Sci. 39: 148 (1939).
  • Viola alachuana Murrill, Quart. J. Florida Acad. Sci. 12: 61 (1950).
  • Viola papilionacea f. michaelii Creutz, Wild Fl. 35: 9 (1959).
  • Viola sororia var. incognita J.Lacey, Sida 3: 312 (1969).

Distribution

Native distribution areas:

Continental: Europe (introduced)) Regional: Middle Europe Austria. Regional: Southeastern Europe Greece. Continental: Asia-Temperate (introduced) Regional: Siberia West Siberia. Regional: Eastern Asia Japan, Korea. Continental: Northern America Regional: Western Canada British Columbia, Manitoba, Saskatchewan. Regional: Eastern Canada New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Québec. Regional: Northwestern U.S.A. Colorado, Montana. Regional: North-Central U.S.A. Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, North Dakota, Nebraska, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Wisconsin. Regional: Northeastern U.S.A. Connecticut, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia. Regional: Southwestern U.S.A. Utah. Regional: South-Central U.S.A. New Mexico, Texas. Regional: Southeastern U.S.A. Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, District of Columbia. Regional: Mexico Mexico Northeast, Mexico Gulf. References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

References

Primary references

• Willdenow, C.L. 1803–1816. Hortus Berolinensis: sive icones et descriptiones, plantarum rariorum vel minus cognitarum, quae in Horto Regio botanico Berolinensi excoluntur. 11 pp., CVIII tab., Berolini: F. Schüppel. BHL Reference page. 

Links

• Govaerts, R. et al. 2022. Viola sororia in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2022 Jul 19. Reference page. 
• Tropicos.org 2022. Viola sororia. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 19 Jul 2022.
• International Plant Names Index. 2022. Viola sororia. Published online. Accessed: 19 Jul 2022.
• Hassler, M. 2022. World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. . Viola sororia. Accessed: 19 Jul 2022.
• USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Viola sororia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service.

Vernacular names

English: common blue violet
suomi: Perhosorvokki

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