Viola sororia

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Malpighiales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Eudicots Cladus: Core eudicots Cladus: Rosids Cladus: Eurosids I Ordo: Malpighiales

Familia: Violaceae
Genus: Viola
Subgenus: Viola subg. Viola
Sectio: Viola sect. Nosphinium
Subsectio: Viola subsect. Borealiamericanae
Species: Viola sororia

Name

Viola sororia Willd., Hort. Berol. 1: 72 (1806).

Synonyms

Homotypic
- Viola cucullata var. sororia (Willd.) Torr. & A.Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 137 (1838).
- Viola palmata var. sororia (Willd.) Pollard, Bot. Gaz. 25: 332 (1898).
Heterotypic
- Viola papilionacea Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 173 (1813).
- Viola cucullata var. alba Torr. & A.Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 137 (1838).
  - Viola papilionacea var. alba (Torr. & A.Gray) Farw., Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 19: 259 (1917).
  - Viola domestica f. alba (Torr. & A.Gray) Farw., Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci. 2: 30 (1923).
- Viola thompsoniae Chapm., Fl. South. U.S., ed. 3: 34 (1897).
- Viola cuspidata Greene, Pittonia 3: 314 (1898).
- Viola papilionacea var. domestica Pollard in N.L.Britton, Man. Fl. N. States: 636 (1901).
- Viola laetecaerulea Greene, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 14: 70 (1901).
- Viola nodosa Greene, Pittonia 4: 296 (1901).
- Viola wilmatteae Pollard & Cockerell, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 15: 178 (1902).
- Viola allardii Greene, Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 2: 41 (1910).
- Viola planifolia Greene, Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 2: 41 (1910).
- Viola grandis Greene, Cybele Columb. 1: 28 (1914).
- Viola sororia f. beckwithiae House, Bull. New York State Mus. Nat. Hist. 243-244: 40 (1923).
- Viola papilionacea f. albiflora Grover, Ohio J. Sci. 39: 148 (1939).
- Viola alachuana Murrill, Quart. J. Florida Acad. Sci. 12: 61 (1950).
- Viola papilionacea f. michaelii Creutz, Wild Fl. 35: 9 (1959).
- Viola sororia var. incognita J.Lacey, Sida 3: 312 (1969).

Distribution

Native distribution areas:

Continental: Europe (introduced))
- Regional: Middle Europe
  - Austria.
- Regional: Southeastern Europe
  - Greece.
Continental: Asia-Temperate (introduced)
- Regional: Siberia
  - West Siberia.
- Regional: Eastern Asia
  - Japan, Korea.
Continental: Northern America
- Regional: Western Canada
  - British Columbia, Manitoba, Saskatchewan.
- Regional: Eastern Canada
  - New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Québec.
- Regional: Northwestern U.S.A.
  - Colorado, Montana.
- Regional: North-Central U.S.A.
  - Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, North Dakota, Nebraska, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Wisconsin.
- Regional: Northeastern U.S.A.
  - Connecticut, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia.
- Regional: Southwestern U.S.A.
  - Utah.
- Regional: South-Central U.S.A.
  - New Mexico, Texas.
- Regional: Southeastern U.S.A.
  - Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, District of Columbia.
- Regional: Mexico
  - Mexico Northeast, Mexico Gulf.

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2^nd Edition

References

Primary references

Willdenow, C.L. 1803–1816. Hortus Berolinensis: sive icones et descriptiones, plantarum rariorum vel minus cognitarum, quae in Horto Regio botanico Berolinensi excoluntur. 11 pp., CVIII tab., Berolini: F. Schüppel. BHL Reference page.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2025. Viola sororia in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2025 Feb 27. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2025. Viola sororia. Published online. Accessed: 27 Feb 2025. Reference page.
Hassler, M. 2025. World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. . Viola sororia. Accessed: 27 Feb 2025.
Hassler, M. 2025. Viola sororia. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2025. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2025 Feb 27. Reference page.

Vernacular names

English: Common Blue Violet
suomi: Perhosorvokki