Gypsophila vaccaria

Gypsophila vaccaria

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Caryophyllales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Eudicots Cladus: Core eudicots Ordo: Caryophyllales

Familia: Caryophyllaceae
Tribus: Caryophylleae
Genus: Gypsophila
Species: Gypsophila vaccaria

Name

Gypsophila vaccaria (L.) Sm. in J.Sibthorp & J.E.Smith, Fl. Graec. Prodr. 1: 279 (1809).

Synonyms

• Basionym
  • Saponaria vaccaria L., Sp. Pl.: 409 (1753).
• Homotypic
  • Lychnis vaccaria (L.) Scop., Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 1: 303 (1771).
  • Saponaria rubra Lam., Fl. Franç. 2: 541 (1779), nom. superfl..
  • Vaccaria parviflora Moench, Methodus: 63 (1794).
  • Vaccaria vulgaris Host, Fl. Austriaca 1: 518 (1827), nom. superfl.
  • Vaccaria vaccaria (L.) Huth, Helios 11: 136 (1893), nom. inval.
  • Silene vaccaria (L.) E.H.L.Krause in J.Sturm, Deutschl. Fl. Abbild., ed. 2, 5: 120 (1901).
  • Vaccaria pyramidata subsp. parviflora Hayek, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 30(1): 218. (1924), nom. inval.
  • Vaccaria hispanica var. vaccaria (L.) Greuter, Willdenowia 25: 139 (1995).
  • Vaccaria hispanica subsp. vaccaria (L.) P.Eliáš, Fl. Slovenska 6(3): 657 (2012).
• Heterotypic
  • Saponaria amplissima Mill., Gard. Dict. ed. 8: n.° 4 (1768).
  • Saponaria hispanica Mill., Gard. Dict. ed. 8, Errat. (1768).
    • Vaccaria hispanica (Mill.) Rauschert, Wiss. Z. Martin-Luther-Univ. Halle-Wittenberg, Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe 14: 496 (1965).
  • Saponaria segetalis Neck., Delic. Gallo-Belg.: 194 (1768).
    • Vaccaria segetalis (Neck.) Garcke ex Asch., Fl. Brandenburg 1: 84 (1860).
  • Vaccaria pyramidata Medik., Philos. Bot. 1: 96 (1789).
    • Vaccaria segetalis subsp. pyramidata (Medik.) Dostál, Kvetena CSR, ed. 2: 426 (1948).
    • Vaccaria hispanica subsp. pyramidata (Medik.) Holub, Preslia 70: 116 (1998).
  • Saponaria perfoliata Roxb. ex Willd., Hort. Berol.: 464 (1809).
    • Vaccaria perfoliata (Roxb. ex Willd.) Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 2: 51 (1830).
  • Vaccaria sessilifolia Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 2: 51 (1830), nom. superfl.
  • Vaccaria arvensis Link, Handbuch 2: 240 (1831), nom. superfl.
  • Saponaria pentagona Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 512 (1841).
  • Dianthus inclusus Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. 1: 268 (1842).
    • Saponaria inclusa K.Koch, Linnaea 15: 711 (1842).
    • Vaccaria inclusa Ledeb., Fl. Ross. 1: 776 (1843).
  • Saponaria vaccaria var. grandiflora Fischer ex Ser. in Candolle, Prodr. 1: 365 (1824).
    • Holotype: [Gruzinia], "Iberia. Tiflis". 1819, Fischer (G-DC)
    • Vaccaria grandiflora (Fischer ex Ser.) Jaub. & Spach, Ill. Pl. Orient. 3: 40, t. 231 (1847).
    • Vaccaria perfoliata var. grandiflora (Fischer ex Ser.) Halácsy, Consp. F1. Graec. 1: 190 (1900).
    • Vaccaria pyramidata subsp. grandiflora (Fischer ex Ser.) Hayek, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 30(1): 218 (1924)
    • Vaccaria pyramidata var. grandiflora (Fischer ex Ser.) Cullen, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 27: 214 (1967).
    • Vaccaria hispanica var. grandiflora (Fischer ex Ser.) Meusel & H.Mühlberg in Hegi, Ill. F1. Mitt.-Eur., ed. 2, 3: 978 (1971).
    • Vaccaria hispanica subsp. grandiflora (Fischer ex Ser.) Holub, Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 11: 83 (1976).
  • Vaccaria oxyodonta Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 2, 1: 68 (1854).
    • Saponaria oxyodonta Boiss., Fl. Orient. 1: 525 (1867).
    • Vaccaria hispanica subsp. oxyodonta (Boiss.) Greuter & Burdet, Willdenowia 12: 191 (1982).
    • Vaccaria hispanica var. oxyodonta (Boiss.) J.Léonard, Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 55: 298 (1985).
  • Saponaria liniflora Boiss. & Hausskn. in P.E. Boissier, Fl. Orient. 1: 525 (1867).
    • Vaccaria liniflora (Boiss. & Hausskn.) Bornm., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 7: 142 (1917).
    • Vaccaria hispanica subsp. liniflora (Boiss. & Hausskn.) Greuter & Burdet, Willdenowia 12: 191 (1982).
    • Vaccaria hispanica var. liniflora (Boiss. & Hausskn.) J.Léonard, Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 55: 298 (1985).
  • Vaccaria pyramidalis Prahl, Krit. Fl. Schlesw.-Holst. 2(2): 28 (1890).
  • Vaccaria brachycalyx Pau, Trab. Mus. Ci. Nat., Ser. Bot. 14: 10 (1918).
  • Saponaria vaccaria f. grohii B.Boivin, Naturaliste Canad. 93: 645 (1966).

Distribution

Native distribution areas:

Continental: Europe Regional: Northern Europe (introduced) Denmark, Finland, Great Britain, Norway, Sweden. Regional: Middle Europe Austria (extinct), Belgium, Czechoslovakia (Czech Republic, Slovakia; introduced), Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland (introduced), Switzerland. Regional: Southwestern Europe Baleares, Corse (extinct), France, Portugal, Sardegna, Spain. Regional: Southeastern Europe Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Kriti, Romania, Sicilia (Malta, Sicily), Turkey-in-Europe, Yugoslavia (Slovenia, Croatia, Montenegro, Bosnia & Hercegovina, Serbia & Kosovo, Macedonia). Regional: Eastern Europe Baltic States (introduced), Krym, Central European Russia, East European Russia, South European Russia, Ukraine. Continental: Africa Regional: Northern Africa Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia. Regional: Macaronesia Canary Islands (Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, Tenerife), Madeira. Regional: Northeast Tropical Africa (introduced) Eritrea, Ethiopia. Regional: East Tropical Africa (introduced) Kenya. Regional: Southern Africa (introduced) Cape Provinces, Free State, Northern Provinces. Regional: Western Indian Ocean (introduced) Mauritius, Réunion. Continental: Asia-Temperate Regional: Siberia (introduced) Altay, Buryatiya, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, West Siberia. Regional: Russian Far East (introduced) Khabarovsk, Primorye. Regional: Middle Asia Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan (introduced), Turkmenistan, Tadzhikistan, Uzbekistan (introduced). Regional: Caucasus North Caucasus, Transcaucasus (Armenia, Gruziya, Azerbaijan,). Regional: Western Asia Afghanistan, Cyprus, East Aegean Islands, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon-Syria (Lebanon, Syria), Palestine (Israel, Jordan), Sinai, Turkey. Regional: Arabian Peninsula Gulf States, Saudi Arabia, Yemen. Regional: China (introduced) China South-Central, Inner Mongolia, China North-Central, Qinghai, China Southeast, Tibet, Xinjiang. Regional: Eastern Asia (introduced) Japan, Korea, Taiwan. Continental: Asia-Tropical Regional: Indian Subcontinent Assam, Bangladesh, India (introduced), Pakistan, Sri Lanka (introduced), West Himalaya. Regional: Indo-China (introduced) Thailand. Regional: Malesia (introduced) Jawa. Continental: Australasia (introduced) Regional: Australia Tasmania. Continental: Northern America(introduced) Regional: Subarctic America Alaska, Yukon. Regional: Western Canada Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Saskatchewan. Regional: Eastern Canada New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Québec. Regional: Northwestern U.S.A. Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming. Regional: North-Central U.S.A. Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, North Dakota, Nebraska, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Wisconsin. Regional: Northeastern U.S.A. Connecticut, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia. Regional: Southwestern U.S.A. Arizona, California, Nevada, Utah. Regional: South-Central U.S.A. New Mexico, Texas. Regional: Southeastern U.S.A. Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, District of Columbia. Continental: Southern America (introduced) Regional: Brazil Brazil South. Regional: Southern South America Argentina Northeast, Argentina South, Uruguay. References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

References

Primary references

• Sibthorp, J. & Smith, J.E. 1809. Florae Graecae Prodromus, sive Plantarum omnium enumeratio, quas in provinciis aut insulis Graeciae invenit Johannes Sibthorp, M.D. Vol. I(2), pp. 219–442. London: Richard Taylor. BHL Reference page. 

Links

• Hassler, M. 2019. Gypsophila vaccaria. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2019. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2019 Sep 11. Reference page. 
• Govaerts, R. et al. 2019. Gypsophila vaccaria in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2019 Sep 11. Reference page. 
• International Plant Names Index. 2019. Gypsophila vaccaria. Published online. Accessed: Sep 11 2019.
• Tropicos.org 2019. Gypsophila vaccaria. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 11 Sep 2019.
• USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Gypsophila vaccaria in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 09-Oct-10.

Vernacular names

беларуская: Тысячагалоў
dansk: Konellike
Deutsch: Kuhkraut
English: Cowherb, Cowcockle, Cow-basil, Forbidden Palace Flower
eesti: Põld-lehmalill
suomi: Toukokukka
íslenska: Sapujurt
Nederlands: Koekruid
norsk: Kunellik
polski: Krowiziół zbożowy
svenska: Åkernejlika

For more multimedia, look at Gypsophila vaccaria on Wikimedia Commons.