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Gypsophila vaccaria

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Gypsophila vaccaria

Taxonavigation

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Taxonavigation: Caryophyllales 
Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Diaphoretickes
Cladus: CAM
Cladus: Archaeplastida
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Ordo: Caryophyllales

Familia: Caryophyllaceae
Tribus: Caryophylleae
Genus: Gypsophila
Species: Gypsophila vaccaria

Name

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Gypsophila vaccaria (L.) Sm. in J.Sibthorp & J.E.Smith, Fl. Graec. Prodr. 1(2): 279 (1809).

Synonyms

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  • Basionym
    • Saponaria vaccaria L., Sp. Pl. 1: 409 (1753).
  • Homotypic
    • Lychnis vaccaria (L.) Scop., Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 1: 303 (1771).
    • Saponaria rubra Lam., Fl. Franç. 2: 541 (1779), nom. superfl.
    • Vaccaria pyramidata Medik., Philos. Bot. 1: 96 (1789).
      • Vaccaria segetalis subsp. pyramidata (Medik.) Dostál, Kvetena CSR, ed. 2: 426 (1948).
      • Vaccaria hispanica subsp. pyramidata (Medik.) Holub, Preslia 70: 116 (1998).
    • Vaccaria parviflora Moench, Methodus: 63 (1794), nom. illeg.
      • Vaccaria pyramidata subsp. parviflora (Moench) Hayek, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 30(1): 218 (1924), nom. inval.
    • Vaccaria vulgaris Host, Fl. Austriaca 1: 518 (1827), nom. superfl.
    • Vaccaria sessilifolia Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 2: 51 (1830), nom. superfl.
    • Vaccaria arvensis Link, Handbuch 2: 240 (1831), nom. superfl.
    • Vaccaria sessiliflora Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 739 (1841), orth. var.
    • Vaccaria vaccaria (L.) Huth, Helios 11: 136 (1893), nom. inval.
    • Vaccaria vaccaria (L.) Britton in N.L.Britton & A.Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S. 2: 18 (1897), nom. inval.
    • Silene vaccaria (L.) E.H.L.Krause in J.Sturm, Deutschl. Fl. Abbild., ed. 2, 5: 120 (1901).
    • Gypsophila vaccaria (L.) C.B.Clarke ex F.Towns., Fl. Hampshire ed. 2, 72 (1904), pro syn.
    • Vaccaria hispanica var. vaccaria (L.) Greuter, Willdenowia 25(1): 139 (1995).
    • Vaccaria hispanica subsp. vaccaria (L.) P.Eliáš, Fl. Slovenska 6(3): 657 (2012).
  • Heterotypic
    • Saponaria amplissima Mill., Gard. Dict. ed. 8: n.° 4 (1768).
    • Saponaria hispanica Mill., Gard. Dict. ed. 8, n.° 4 in errat. (1768).
      • Vaccaria hispanica (Mill.) Rauschert, Wiss. Z. Martin-Luther-Univ. Halle-Wittenberg, Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe 14: 496 (1965).
    • Saponaria segetalis Neck., Delic. Gallo-Belg.: 194 (1768).
      • Vaccaria segetalis (Neck.) Garcke ex Asch., Fl. Brandenburg 1: 84 (1860).
    • Saponaria perfoliata Gilib., Fl. Lit. Inch. 2: 163 (1782), opus utiq. oppr.
    • Saponaria perfoliata Roxb. ex Willd., Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol.: 464 (1809).
      • Vaccaria perfoliata (Roxb. ex Willd.) Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 2: 51 (1830).
    • Saponaria vaccaria var. grandiflora Fisch. ex Ser. in A.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 1: 365 (1824).
      • Holotype: [Gruzinia], "Iberia. Tiflis". 1819, Fischer (G-DC)
      • Vaccaria grandiflora (Fisch. ex Ser.) Jaub. & Spach, Ill. Pl. Orient. 3: 40, t. 231 (1847).
      • Vaccaria pyramidata var. grandiflora (Fisch. ex Ser.) Čelak., Sitzungsber. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. Prag, Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. 1893: 33 (1894).
      • Vaccaria perfoliata var. grandiflora (Fisch. ex Ser.) Halácsy, Consp. Fl.. Graec. 1: 190 (1900).
      • Vaccaria pyramidata subsp. grandiflora (Fisch. ex Ser.) Hayek, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 30(1): 218 (1924).
      • Vaccaria pyramidata var. grandiflora (Fisch. ex Ser.) Maire in É.Jahandiez & al., Cat. Pl. Maroc 3: 878 (1934).
      • Vaccaria segetalis var. grandiflora (Fisch. ex Ser.) P.Fourn., Quatre Fl. France 333 (1936), nom. illeg.
      • Vaccaria pyramidata var. grandiflora (Fisch. ex Ser.) Cullen, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 27: 214 (1967).
      • Vaccaria hispanica var. grandiflora (Fisch. ex Ser.) Meusel & H.Mühlberg in G.Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur., ed. 2, 3(2): 978 (1971).
      • Vaccaria hispanica subsp. grandiflora (Fisch. ex Ser.) Holub, Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 11: 83 (1976).
      • Vaccaria hispanica var. grandiflora (Fisch. ex Ser.) Gvinian., Fl. Gruzii, ed. 2, 4: 180 (1978), isonym.
      • Vaccaria hispanica var. grandiflora (Fisch. ex Ser.) J.Léonard, Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 55(1-2): 298 (1985), isonym.
    • Saponaria pentagona Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 512 (1841).
    • Saponaria inclusa K.Koch, Linnaea 15: 711 (1842).
      • Dianthus inclusus (K.Koch) Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. 1: 268 (1842).
      • Vaccaria inclusa (K.Koch) Ledeb., Fl. Ross. 1: 776 (1843).
    • Vaccaria oxyodonta Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 2, 1: 68 (1854).
      • Saponaria oxyodonta (Boiss.) Boiss., Fl. Orient. 1: 525 (1867).
      • Vaccaria pyramidata var. oxyodonta (Boiss.) Zohary, Fl. Palaestina 1: 104 (1966).
      • Vaccaria hispanica subsp. oxyodonta (Boiss.) Greuter & Burdet, Willdenowia 12(2): 191 (1982).
      • Vaccaria hispanica var. oxyodonta (Boiss.) J.Léonard, Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 55: 298 (1985).
    • Saponaria liniflora Boiss. & Hausskn. in P.E.Boissier, Fl. Orient. 1: 525 (1867).
      • Vaccaria liniflora (Boiss. & Hausskn.) Bornm., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 7: 142 (1917).
      • Vaccaria pyramidata var. liniflora (Boiss. & Hausskn.) Cullen, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 27: 214 (1967).
      • Vaccaria hispanica subsp. liniflora (Boiss. & Hausskn.) Greuter & Burdet, Willdenowia 12(2): 191 (1982).
      • Vaccaria hispanica var. liniflora (Boiss. & Hausskn.) J.Léonard, Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 55: 298 (1985).
    • Vaccaria pyramidalis Prahl, Krit. Fl. Schlesw.-Holst. 2(2): 28 (1890), orth. var.
    • Vaccaria parviflora var. sauteri Wohlf. in W.D.J.Koch, Syn. Deut. Schweiz. Fl., ed. 3: 335 (1891).
      • Vaccaria pyramidata var. sauteri (Wohlf.) Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 3(1): 318 (1910).
    • Vaccaria parviflora var. nobilis A.F.Schwarz, Abh. Naturhist. Ges. Nürnberg 10(2): 116 (1897).
      • Vaccaria pyramidata f. nobilis (A.F.Schwarz) Vollm., Fl. Bayern 242 (1914).
    • Vaccaria grandiflora f. humilior Zapał., Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): 122 (1911 publ. 1912).
    • Vaccaria grandiflora var. platyphylla Zapał., Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): 122 (1911 publ. 1912).
    • Vaccaria grandiflora var. angustilimbis Zapał., Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 11B(51B): 122 (1911 publ. 1912).
    • Vaccaria brachycalyx Pau, Trab. Mus. Ci. Nat., Ser. Bot. 14: 10 (1918).
    • Saponaria vaccaria f. grohii B.Boivin, Naturaliste Canad. 93: 645 (1966).

Distribution

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Native distribution areas:
  • Continental: Europe
    • Regional: Northern Europe (introduced)
      • Denmark, Finland, Great Britain, Norway, Sweden.
    • Regional: Middle Europe
      • Austria (extinct), Belgium, Czechoslovakia (Czech Republic, Slovakia; introduced), Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland (introduced), Switzerland.
    • Regional: Southwestern Europe
      • Baleares, Corse (extinct), France, Portugal, Sardegna, Spain.
    • Regional: Southeastern Europe
      • Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Kriti, Romania, Sicilia (Malta, Sicily), Turkey-in-Europe, Yugoslavia (Slovenia, Croatia, Montenegro, Bosnia & Hercegovina, Serbia & Kosovo, Macedonia).
    • Regional: Eastern Europe
      • Baltic States (introduced), Krym, Central European Russia, East European Russia, South European Russia, Ukraine.
  • Continental: Africa
    • Regional: Northern Africa
      • Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia.
    • Regional: Macaronesia
      • Canary Islands (Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, Tenerife), Madeira.
    • Regional: Northeast Tropical Africa (introduced)
      • Eritrea, Ethiopia.
    • Regional: East Tropical Africa (introduced)
      • Kenya.
    • Regional: Southern Africa (introduced)
      • Cape Provinces, Free State, Northern Provinces.
    • Regional: Western Indian Ocean (introduced)
      • Mauritius, Réunion.
  • Continental: Asia-Temperate
    • Regional: Siberia (introduced)
      • Altay, Buryatiya, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, West Siberia.
    • Regional: Russian Far East (introduced)
      • Khabarovsk, Primorye.
    • Regional: Middle Asia
      • Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan (introduced), Turkmenistan, Tadzhikistan, Uzbekistan (introduced).
    • Regional: Caucasus
      • North Caucasus, Transcaucasus (Armenia, Gruziya, Azerbaijan,).
    • Regional: Western Asia
      • Afghanistan, Cyprus, East Aegean Islands, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon-Syria (Lebanon, Syria), Palestine (Israel, Jordan), Sinai, Turkey.
    • Regional: Arabian Peninsula
      • Gulf States, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
    • Regional: China (introduced)
      • China South-Central, Inner Mongolia, China North-Central, Qinghai, China Southeast, Tibet, Xinjiang.
    • Regional: Eastern Asia (introduced)
      • Japan, Korea, Taiwan.
  • Continental: Asia-Tropical
    • Regional: Indian Subcontinent
      • Assam, Bangladesh, India (introduced), Pakistan, Sri Lanka (introduced), West Himalaya.
    • Regional: Indo-China (introduced)
      • Thailand.
    • Regional: Malesia (introduced)
      • Jawa.
  • Continental: Australasia (introduced)
    • Regional: Australia
      • Tasmania.
  • Continental: Northern America(introduced)
    • Regional: Subarctic America
      • Alaska, Yukon.
    • Regional: Western Canada
      • Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Saskatchewan.
    • Regional: Eastern Canada
      • New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Québec.
    • Regional: Northwestern U.S.A.
      • Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming.
    • Regional: North-Central U.S.A.
      • Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, North Dakota, Nebraska, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Wisconsin.
    • Regional: Northeastern U.S.A.
      • Connecticut, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia.
    • Regional: Southwestern U.S.A.
      • Arizona, California, Nevada, Utah.
    • Regional: South-Central U.S.A.
      • New Mexico, Texas.
    • Regional: Southeastern U.S.A.
      • Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, District of Columbia.
  • Continental: Southern America (introduced)
    • Regional: Brazil
      • Brazil South.
    • Regional: Southern South America
      • Argentina Northeast, Argentina South, Uruguay.

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

References

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Primary references

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Vernacular names

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  • مصرى: بقريه اسبانيه
  • العربية: فول العرب
  • беларуская: Тысячагалоў
  • čeština: Kravinec španělský
  • Cymraeg: Llysiau`r fuwch
  • dansk: Konellike
  • Deutsch: Kuhkraut
  • English: Cowherb, Cowcockle, Cow-basil, Forbidden Palace Flower
  • español: Hierba de vaca
  • eesti: Põld-lehmalill
  • فارسی: جغجغک
  • suomi: Toukokukka
  • עברית: סבונית השדה
  • hornjoserbsce: Sywna kruwowka
  • íslenska: Kúajurt, sapujurt
  • ქართული: ჭეჭველა
  • 한국어: 말뱅이나물
  • latviešu: Vakārijas
  • македонски: шпанска кравјанка
  • norsk bokmål: kunellik
  • Nederlands: Koekruid
  • norsk: Kunellik
  • polski: Krowiziół zbożowy
  • پنجابی: تکلا
  • русский: тысячеголов испанский
  • slovenščina: kravsa
  • svenska: Åkernejlika
  • 中文（简体）: 麦蓝菜
  • 中文: 西班牙王不留行, 麦蓝菜
For more multimedia, look at Gypsophila vaccaria on Wikimedia Commons.
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