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Elymus violaceus

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Elymus violaceus

Taxonavigation

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Taxonavigation: Poales 
Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Monocots
Cladus: Commelinids
Ordo: Poales

Familia: Poaceae
Subfamilia: Pooideae
Tribus: Hordeeae
Genus: Elymus
Species: Elymus violaceus

Name

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Elymus violaceus (Hornem.) Feilberg, 1984

Synonyms

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  • Homotypic
    • Agropyron biflorum var. hornemannii B.Fedtsch. in Izv. Imp. Bot. Sada Petra Velikago 14(Suppl. 2): 95 (1915), nom. superfl.
    • Agropyron caninum var. hornemannii Pease & A.H.Moore in Rhodora 12: 73 (1910), nom. superfl.
    • Agropyron violaceum (Hornem.) Lange in Consp. Fl. Groenland. 1: 155 (1880)
    • Elymus trachycaulus subsp. violaceus (Hornem.) Á.Löve & D.Löve in Bot. Not. 128: 502 (1975 publ. 1976), nom. superfl.
    • Elymus trachycaulus var. violaceus (Hornem.) S.L.Welsh in Utah Fl., ed. 4: 851 (2008), nom. superfl.
    • Roegneria violacea (Hornem.) Melderis in Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 44: 159 (1950)
    • Triticum biflorum var. hornemannii W.D.J.Koch in Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv., ed. 2: 953 (1844), nom. superfl.
    • Triticum caninum var. violaceum (Hornem.) Laest. in Bot. Not. 1856: 77 (1856)
    • Triticum repens var. violaceum (Hornem.) Hartm. in Handb. Skand. Fl., ed. 4: 43 (1843)
    • Triticum violaceum Hornem. in G.C.Oeder & al. (eds.), Fl. Dan. 12: t. 2044 (1832)
  • Heterotypic
    • Agropyron andinum (Scribn. & J.G.Sm.) Rydb. in Bull. Colorado Agric. Exp. Sta. 100: 54 (1906)
    • Agropyron atbassaricum Golosk. in Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 14: 73 (1951)
    • Agropyron biflorum subsp. andinum (Scribn. & J.G.Sm.) Piper in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 32: 547 (1905)
    • Agropyron biflorum subsp. latiglume (Scribn. & J.G.Sm.) Piper in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 32: 547 (1905)
    • Agropyron brevifolium Scribn. in Bull. Div. Agrostol. U.S.D.A. 11: 55 (1898)
    • Agropyron caninoides (Ramaley) Beal in Grass. N. Amer. 2: 640 (1896)
    • Agropyron caninoides var. pubescens Scribn. & J.G.Sm. in Bull. Div. Agrostol. U.S.D.A. 4: 29 (1897)
    • Agropyron caninum var. andinum (Scribn. & J.G.Sm.) Pease & A.H.Moore in Rhodora 12: 75 (1910)
    • Agropyron caninum f. ciliatum (Scribn. & J.G.Sm.) Pease & A.H.Moore in Rhodora 12: 76 (1910)
    • Agropyron caninum f. fernaldii Pease & A.H.Moore in Rhodora 12: 73 (1910)
    • Agropyron caninum f. glaucum Pease & A.H.Moore in Rhodora 12: 71 (1910), nom. illeg.
    • Agropyron caninum var. latiglume (Scribn. & J.G.Sm.) C.L.Hitchc. in Vasc. Pl. Pacif. N. W. 1: 450 (1969)
    • Agropyron caninum subsp. latiglume (Scribn. & J.G.Sm.) Pease & A.H.Moore in Rhodora 12: 73 (1910)
    • Agropyron caninum subsp. majus (Vasey) C.L.Hitchc. in Vasc. Pl. Pacif. N. W. 1: 450 (1969), nom. illeg.
    • Agropyron caninum var. mitchellii S.L.Welsh in J.P.Anderson, Fl. Alaska: 546 (1974)
    • Agropyron caninum f. pilosifolium Pease & A.H.Moore in Rhodora 12: 75 (1910)
    • Agropyron caninum f. pringlei (Scribn. & J.G.Sm.) Pease & A.H.Moore in Rhodora 12: 76 (1910)
    • Agropyron caninum var. pubescens Scribn. & J.G.Sm. in Bull. Div. Agrostol. U.S.D.A. 4: 29 (1897)
    • Agropyron caninum f. pubescens (Scribn. & J.G.Sm.) Pease & A.H.Moore in Rhodora 12: 71 (1910)
    • Agropyron caninum var. richardsonii (Schrad.) M.E.Jones in Contr. W. Bot. 14: 18 (1912)
    • Agropyron caninum var. tenerum (Vasey) Pease & A.H.Moore in Rhodora 12: 71 (1910)
    • Agropyron caninum var. unilaterale Vasey in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 1: 279 (1893)
    • Agropyron caninum f. violacescens Ramaley in Minnesota Bot. Stud. 1: 107 (1894)
    • Agropyron gmelinii var. pringlei Scribn. & J.G.Sm. in Bull. Div. Agrostol. U.S.D.A. 4: 31 (1897)
    • Agropyron latiglume (Scribn. & J.G.Sm.) Rydb. in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 36: 539 (1909)
    • Agropyron latiglume var. alboviride Hultén in Fl. Alaska Yukon: 259 (1942)
    • Agropyron latiglume var. andinum (Scribn. & J.G.Sm.) Malte in Bull. Natl. Mus. Canada 68: 36 (1932)
    • Agropyron latiglume var. pilosiglume Hultén in Fl. Alaska Yukon: 259 (1942)
    • Agropyron novae-angliae Scribn. in Contr. Bot. Vermont 8: 9, 103 (1900)
    • Agropyron pauciflorum (Schwein.) Hitchc. in W.A.Silveus, Texas Grass.: 158 (1933), nom. illeg.
    • Agropyron pauciflorum subsp. majus (Vasey) Melderis in Ark. Bot., a.s., 7(1): 20 (1967 publ. 1968)
    • Agropyron pauciflorum subsp. novae-angliae (Scribn.) Melderis in Ark. Bot., a.s., 7(1): 20 (1967 publ. 1968)
    • Agropyron pauciflorum subsp. teslinense (A.E.Porsild & Senn) Melderis in Ark. Bot., a.s., 7(1): 20 (1967 publ. 1968)
    • Agropyron pringlei (Scribn. & J.G.Sm.) Hitchc. in W.L.Jepson, Fl. Calif. 1: 183 (1912)
    • Agropyron × pseudorepens var. magnum Scribn. & J.G.Sm. in Bull. Div. Agrostol. U.S.D.A. 4: 35 (1897)
    • Agropyron × pseudorepens var. sennii B.Boivin in Naturaliste Canad. 94: 520 (1967)
    • Agropyron repens var. novae-angliae Scribn. & J.G.Sm. in Bull. Div. Agrostol. U.S.D.A. 4: 29 (1897), pro syn.
    • Agropyron repens var. tenerum (Vasey) Beal in Grass. N. Amer. 2: 637 (1896)
    • Agropyron richardsonii (Schrad.) Scribn. & J.G.Sm. in Bull. Div. Agrostol. U.S.D.A. 4: 29 (1897)
    • Agropyron richardsonii var. ciliatum Scribn. & J.G.Sm. in Bull. Div. Agrostol. U.S.D.A. 4: 29 (1897)
    • Agropyron spicatum var. pringlei (Scribn. & J.G.Sm.) M.E.Jones in Contr. W. Bot. 14: 19 (1912)
    • Agropyron subsecundum (Link) Hitchc. in Amer. J. Bot. 21: 131 (1934)
    • Agropyron subsecundum var. andinum (Scribn. & J.G.Sm.) Hitchc. in Amer. J. Bot. 21: 132 (1934)
    • Agropyron tenerum Vasey in Bot. Gaz. 10: 258 (1885)
    • Agropyron tenerum var. ciliatum Scribn. & J.G.Sm. in Bull. Div. Agrostol. U.S.D.A. 4: 30 (1897)
    • Agropyron tenerum var. longifolium Scribn. & J.G.Sm. in Bull. Div. Agrostol. U.S.D.A. 4: 30 (1897)
    • Agropyron tenerum subsp. magnum (Scribn. & J.G.Sm.) Piper in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 32: 546 (1905)'
    • Agropyron tenerum subsp. majus (Vasey) Piper in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 32: 543 (1905)
    • Agropyron tenerum var. novae-angliae (Scribn.) Farw. in Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 21: 355 (1920)
    • Agropyron tenerum subsp. trichocoleum Piper in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 32: 546 (1905), nom. superfl.
    • Agropyron teslinense A.E.Porsild & Senn in Bull. Natl. Mus. Canada 121: 98 (1951)
    • Agropyron trachycaulon Steud. in Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 344 (1854), pro syn.
    • Agropyron trachycaulum (Link) Malte ex H.F.Lewis in Canad. Field-Naturalist 45: 201 (1931)
    • Agropyron trachycaulum f. andinum (Scribn. & J.G.Sm.) Beetle in Rhodora 54: 196 (1952)
    • Agropyron trachycaulum var. caerulescens Malte in Rep. (Annual) Natl. Mus. Canada 68: 47 (1930 publ. 1932)
    • Agropyron trachycaulum f. caninoides (Ramaley) B.Boivin in Naturaliste Canad. 94: 520 (1967)
    • Agropyron trachycaulum var. ciliatum (Scribn. & J.G.Sm.) Malte in Rep. (Annual) Natl. Mus. Canada 68: 40 (1930 publ. 1932)
    • Agropyron trachycaulum f. ciliatum (Scribn. & J.G.Sm.) Gleason in Phytologia 4: 21 (1952)
    • Agropyron trachycaulum var. fernaldii (Pease & A.H.Moore) Malte in Rep. (Annual) Natl. Mus. Canada 68: 46 (1930 publ. 1932)
    • Agropyron trachycaulum var. glaucescens Malte in Rep. (Annual) Natl. Mus. Canada 68: 45 (1930 publ. 1932)
    • Agropyron trachycaulum var. glaucum (Pease & A.H.Moore) Malte in Rep. (Annual) Natl. Mus. Canada 68: 47 (1930 publ. 1932)
    • Agropyron trachycaulum var. hirsutum Malte in Rep. (Annual) Natl. Mus. Canada 68: 48 (1930 publ. 1932)
    • Agropyron trachycaulum var. latiglume (Scribn. & J.G.Sm.) Beetle in Rhodora 54: 196 (1952)
    • Agropyron trachycaulum var. majus (Vasey) Fernald in Rhodora 35: 171 (1933)
    • Agropyron trachycaulum var. novae-angliae (Scribn.) Fernald in Rhodora 35: 174 (1933)
    • Agropyron trachycaulum var. pilosiglume Malte in Rep. (Annual) Natl. Mus. Canada 68: 48 (1930 publ. 1932)
    • Agropyron trachycaulum var. richardsonii (Schrad.) Malte ex H.F.Lewis in Canad. Field-Naturalist 45: 201 (1931)
    • Agropyron trachycaulum var. tenerum (Vasey) Malte in Rep. (Annual) Natl. Mus. Canada 68: 44 (1930 publ. 1932)
    • Agropyron trachycaulum var. trichocoleum Malte in Rep. (Annual) Natl. Mus. Canada 68: 45 (1930 publ. 1932), nom. superfl.
    • Agropyron trachycaulum var. unilaterale (Vasey) Malte in Rep. (Annual) Natl. Mus. Canada 68: 46 (1930 publ. 1932)
    • Agropyron unilaterale Cassidy in Bull. Iowa Agric. Exp. Sta. 12: 63 (1890), nom. illeg.
    • Agropyron violacescens (Ramaley) Beal in Grass. N. Amer. 2: 635 (1896)
    • Agropyron violaceum subsp. andinum (Scribn. & J.G.Sm.) Melderis in Ark. Bot., a.s., 7(1): 19 (1967 publ. 1968)
    • Agropyron violaceum var. andinum Scribn. & J.G.Sm. in Bull. Div. Agrostol. U.S.D.A. 6: 30 (1897)
    • Agropyron violaceum f. caninoides Ramaley in Minnesota Bot. Stud. 1: 108 (1894)
    • Agropyron violaceum var. latiglume Scribn. & J.G.Sm. in Bull. Div. Agrostol. U.S.D.A. 4: 32 (1897)
    • Agropyron violaceum var. majus Vasey in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 1: 280 (1893)
    • Agropyron violaceum var. virescens Lange in Consp. Fl. Groenland. 1: 155 (1880)
    • Crithopyrum trachycaulon Steud. in Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 344 (1854), pro syn.
    • Cryptopyrum richardsonii Heynh. in Alph. Aufz. Gew.: 174 (1846), pro syn.
    • Elymus alaskanus subsp. latiglumis (Scribn. & J.G.Sm.) Á.Löve in Taxon 29: 166 (1980)
    • Elymus charkeviczii Prob. in Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 69: 256 (1984)
    • Elymus donianus subsp. subsecundus (Link) Á.Löve & D.Löve in Taxon 13: 201 (1964)
    • Elymus donianus subsp. virescens (Lange) Á.Löve & D.Löve in Taxon 13: 201 (1964)
    • Elymus kamczadalorum (Nevski) Tzvelev in Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 9: 61 (1972)
    • Elymus novae-angliae (Scribn.) Tzvelev in Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 14: 245 (1977)
    • Elymus pauciflorus (Schwein.) Gould in Madroño 9: 126 (1947), nom. illeg.
    • Elymus pauciflorus subsp. subsecundus (Link) Gould in Madroño 9: 126 (1947)
    • Elymus pringlei Scribn. & Merr. in Bull. Div. Agrostol. U.S.D.A. 24: 30 (1901)
    • Elymus sierrae Gould in Madroño 9: 125 (1947)
    • Elymus subsecundus (Link) Á.Löve & D.Löve in Taxon 13: 201 (1964)
    • Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Gould in Rhodora 56: 28 (1954)
    • Elymus trachycaulus subsp. andinus (Scribn. & J.G.Sm.) Á.Löve & D.Löve in Bot. Not. 128: 502 (1975 publ. 1976)
    • Elymus trachycaulus var. andinus (Scribn. & J.G.Sm.) Dorn in Vasc. Pl. Wyoming: 298 (1988)
    • Elymus trachycaulus f. andinus (Scribn. & J.G.Sm.) Beetle in Phytologia 55: 210 (1984)
    • Elymus trachycaulus subsp. glaucus (Pease & A.H.Moore) Cody in Canad. Field-Naturalist 108: 93 (1994)
    • Elymus trachycaulus subsp. kamczadalorum (Nevski) Tzvelev in Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 10: 24 (1973)
    • Elymus trachycaulus var. latiglumis (Scribn. & J.G.Sm.) Beetle in Phytologia 55: 209 (1984)
    • Elymus trachycaulus subsp. latiglumis (Scribn. & J.G.Sm.) Barkworth & D.R.Dewey in Great Basin Naturalist 43: 562 (1983 publ. 1984), no basionym not cited.
    • Elymus trachycaulus var. major (Vasey) Beetle in Phytologia 55: 210 (1984)
    • Elymus trachycaulus subsp. major (Vasey) Tzvelev in Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 10: 24 (1973)
    • Elymus trachycaulus subsp. novae-angliae (Scribn.) Tzvelev in Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 10: 23 (1973)
    • Elymus trachycaulus subsp. sierrae (Gould) Á.Löve in Feddes Repert. 95: 461 (1984)
    • Elymus trachycaulus subsp. stefanssonii (Melderis) Á.Löve & D.Löve in Bot. Not. 128: 502 (1975 publ. 1976)
    • Elymus trachycaulus subsp. subsecundus (Link) Á.Löve & D.Löve in Bot. Not. 128: 502 (1975 publ. 1976)
    • Elymus trachycaulus subsp. teslinensis (A.E.Porsild & Senn) Á.Löve in Taxon 29: 167 (1980)
    • Elymus trachycaulus var. unilateralis (Vasey) Beetle in Phytologia 55: 210 (1984)
    • Elymus trachycaulus subsp. virescens (Lange) Á.Löve & D.Löve in Bot. Not. 128: 502 (1975 publ. 1976)
    • Elymus violaceus subsp. andinus (Scribn. & J.G.Sm.) Tzvelev in Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 32: 182 (2000)
    • Elymus violaceus subsp. latiglumis (Scribn. & J.G.Sm.) Tzvelev in Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 32: 181 (2000)
    • Roegneria doniana var. stefanssonii Melderis in Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 44: 158 (1950)
    • Roegneria kamczadalorum Nevski in V.L.Komarov (ed.), Fl. URSS 2: 619 (1934)
    • Roegneria latiglumis (Scribn. & J.G.Sm.) Nevski in Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 1, Fl. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 2: 55 (1936)
    • Roegneria novae-angliae (Scribn.) Jurtzev & V.V.Petrovsky in Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol., n.s., 85(6): 100 (1980)
    • Roegneria pauciflora (Schwein.) Hyl. in Uppsala Univ. Årsskr. 7: 36, 8 (1945)
    • Roegneria subsecunda (Link) Melderis in N.Hylander, Nord. Kärlväxtfl. 1: 376 (1953)
    • Roegneria trachycaulon (Link) Nevski in V.L.Komarov (ed.), Fl. URSS 2: 599 (1934)
    • Roegneria virescens (Lange) Böcher, Holmen & Jakobsen in Grønlands Fl., ed. 2: 294 (1966)
    • Triticum latiglume (Scribn. & J.G.Sm.) F.Herm. in Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 76: 40 (1936)
    • Triticum pauciflorum Schwein. in W.H.Keating, Narrat. Exp. St. Peter's River 2: 383 (1824)
    • Triticum repens var. tenerum Vasey in J.T.Rothrock, Rep. U.S. Geogr. Surv., Wheeler 6(Botany): 293 (1878 publ. 1879), nom. nud.
    • Triticum richardsonii Schrad. in Linnaea 12: 467 (1838)
    • Triticum subsecundum Link in Hort. Berol. 2: 190 (1833)
    • Triticum trachycaulum Link in Hort. Berol. 2: 189 (1833)
    • Zeia richardsonii (Schrad.) Lunell in Amer. Midl. Naturalist 4: 227 (1915)
    • Zeia tenera (Vasey) Lunell in Amer. Midl. Naturalist 4: 227 (1915)

Distribution

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Native distribution areas:
  • Continental: Northern America
    • Regional: USA
      • Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Greenland, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Manitoba, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode I., South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming
    • Regional: Canada
      • Alberta, British Columbia, Labrador, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Northwest Territorie, Nova Scotia, Nunavut, Ontario, Prince Edward I., Québec, Saskatchewan, Yukon
    • Regional: Mexico
      • Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest
  • Continental: Asia-Temperate
    • Regional: Eastern Asia
      • Amur, Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Kuril Is., Magadan, Primorye, Sakhalin, Yakutskiya
    • Introduced into:
      • Altay, Baltic States, Belarus, Belgium, Buryatiya, Central European Rus, Chita, Czechoslovakia, East European Russia, Iceland, Irkutsk, Kazakhstan, Krasnoyarsk, Northwest European R, Norway, South European Russi, Tuva, Ukraine, West Siberia

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

References

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Primary references

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Additional references

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  • Clayton, W.D., Harman, K.T. & Williamson, H. (2006). World Grass Species - Synonymy database The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
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Vernacular names

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English: Sierra wild rye
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