Tinospora

Tinospora cordifolia

分类

分类: Ranunculales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Eudicots Ordo: Ranunculales

Familia: Menispermaceae
Subfamilia: Chasmantheroideae
Tribus: Burasaieae
Genus: Tinospora

物种概览

Accepted species

T. arfakiana – T. baenzigeri – T. bakis – T. celebica – T. cordifolia – T. crispa – T. dentata – T. dissitiflora – T. esiangkara – T. fragosa – T. glabra – T. glandulosa – T. guangxiensis – T. hainanensis – T. hirsuta – T. homosepala – T. macrocarpa – T. merrilliana – T. neocaledonica – T. orophila – T. sagittata – T. siamensis – T. sinensis – T. smilacina – T. subcordata – T. sumatrana – T. tenera – T. teysmannii – T. tinosporoides – T. trilobata – ...
Paleospecies: †T. elongata – †T. excavata – †T. hardmanae – †T. wilkinsonii

Source(s) of checklist:  (en)
Govaerts, R. et al. 2024. Tinospora in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2024 January 31. 参考页面.

名

Tinospora Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 2, 7(37): 35, 38. 1851, nom. cons.

• 模式種: Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers ex Hook.f. & Thomson, Fl. Ind. 1: 184. 1855. – Lectotype designated by Miers (1864), p. 315.

异名

• 异模
  • Campylus Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 1: 94, 113. 1790, nom. rej.
    • 模式種: Campylus sinensis Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 1: 113. 1790.
  • Desmonema Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, 20(118): 260(–261). 1867, nom. illeg. hom. – non Desmonema Raf., Atlantic J. 1(6): 177. 1833.
    • 模式種: Desmonema caffrum Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, 20(118): 261. 1867.
  • Hypsipodes Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 4: 82. 1868.
    • 模式種: Hypsipodes subcordata Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 4: 82. 1868.
  • Fawcettia F.Muell., Fragm. (Mueller) 10(86): 93. 1877.
    • 模式種: Fawcettia tinosporoides F.Muell., Fragm. (Mueller) 10(86): 93. 1877.

分布

Native distribution areas:

Continental: Tropical & Subtropical Old World Andaman Is., Angola, Assam, Bangladesh, Benin, Bismarck Archipelago, Borneo, Botswana, Burkina, Burundi, Cambodia, Caprivi Strip, Chad, China South-Central, China Southeast, East Himalaya, Ethiopia, Hainan, India, Jawa, Kenya, Laos, Lesser Sunda Is., Malaya, Maldives, Mali, Maluku, Marianas, Mauritania, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, New Caledonia, New Guinea, New South Wales, Nicobar Is., Niger, Nigeria, Northern Provinces, Northern Territory, Philippines, Queensland, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Solomon Is., Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Swaziland, Tanzania, Thailand, Vietnam, Western Australia, Zambia, Zimbabwe Introduced into: Christmas I., Leeward Is., Pakistan 参考文献: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

参考文献

基本参考

• Miers, 1851. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 2, 7(37): 35, 38

扩展参考

• Andrews, F.W. 1950. 12. Menispermaceae. Pp. 15–19 in The flowering plants of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, Vol. 1, Cycadaceae–Tiliaceae. T. Buncle & Co. Ltd., Arbroath, Scotland. PDF 参考页面.  (as Desmonema and Tinospora)
• Chaudhary, S.A. 1999. 8. Menispermaceae. Pp. 80–83 in Flora of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Vol. 1. Ministry of Agriculture & Water, Riyad. 参考页面. 
• De Wet, H., Struwig , M. & Van Wyk, B.-E. 2016. Taxonomic notes on the genera Tiliacora and Tinospora (Menispermaceae) in southern Africa. South African Journal of Botany 103: 283–294. DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2015.05.030 参考页面. 
• Essou, J.-P. 2006. Menispermaceae Juss. Pp. 798–803 in Akoègninou, A., Van der Burg, W.J. & Van der Maesen, L.J.G. (chief eds.), Flore analytique du Bénin. Backhuys Publishers, Cotonou & Wageningen. ISBN 90-5782-181-8. 参考页面. 
• Exell, A.W. & Mendonça, F.A. 1937. 4 — Menispermaceae. Pp. 32–45 in Conspectus Florae Angolensis, Vol. 1, Fasc. 1, Ranunculaceae–Malvaceae. Ministério do Ultramar, Lisboa. Online 参考页面.  (as Desmonema)
• Exell, A.W. & Mendonça, F.A. 1951. Adenda e Corrigenda: 4 — Menispermaceae. Pp. 357–358 in Conspectus Florae Angolensis, Vol. 1, Fasc. 2, Malvaceae–Aquifoliaceae. Ministério do Ultramar, Lisboa. Online 参考页面.  (as Hyalosepalum)
• Forman, L.L. 1981. A revision of Tinospora (Menispermaceae) in Asia to Australia and the Pacific. The Menispermaceae of Malesia and adjacent areas: X. Kew Bulletin 36: 375–421. JSTOR 参考页面. 
• Forman, L.L. 1984. A revision of tribe Tinosporeae (Menispermaceae) in Asia, Australia and the Pacific. The Menispermaceae of Malesia and adjacent areas: XII. Kew Bulletin 39: 99–116. JSTOR 参考页面. 
• Forman, L.L. 1986. Menispermaceae. Pp. 157–253 in Van Steenis, C.G.G.J. & De Wilde, W.J.J.O. (eds.), Flora Malesiana, Ser. I, Vol. 10(2). Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht. BHL. 参考页面. 
• Forman, L.L. 1988. A synopsis of Thai Menispermaceae. Kew Bulletin 43: 369–407. JSTOR 参考页面. 
• Forman, L.L. 1991. Menispermaceae. Pp. 300–365 in Smitinand, T. & Larsen, K. (eds.), Flora of Thailand, Vol. 5(3). The Forest Herbarium, Royal Forest Department, Bangkok. 参考页面. 
• Forman, L.L. 1995. Menispermaceae. Pp. 301–319 in Dassanayake, M.D., Fosberg, F.R. (†) & Clayton, W.D. (eds.), A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon, Vol. IX. Amerind Publishing Co., New Delhi. 参考页面. 
• Forman, L. 1998. Flore de la Nouvelle-Calédonie 22(1). Menispermaceae. Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris. Pp. 3–24. ISBN 2-85654-209-3. PDF BHL 参考页面. 
• Forman, L.L. (†). 2007. Menispermaceae. Pp. 362–386 in Flora of Australia, Vol. 2, Winteraceae to Platanaceae. Australian Biological Resources Study (ABRS), Canberra; CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne. ISBN 978-0-643-05967-2 (hard cover)/ISBN 978-0-643-05968-9 (soft cover). Online. 参考页面. 
• Fournet, J. 2002. 21. Menispermaceae. Pp. 157–160 in Flore illustrée des phanérogames de Guadeloupe et de Martinique, Tome 1, Nouv. éd. CIRAD, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Montpellier. ISBN 2-908490-26-9. 参考页面.  (as introduced taxon)
• Grierson, A.J.C. Family 47. Menispermaceae. Pp. 331–340 in Grierson, A.J.C. & Long, D.G. 1984. Flora of Bhutan: including a record of plants from Sikkim, Vol. 1, Part 2. Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, ISBN 0-9504270-2-0. 参考页面. 
• Luo Xianrui, Chen Tao & Gilbert, M.G. 2008. Menispermaceae. Pp. 1–31 in Wu Zhengyi, Raven, P.H. & Hong Deyuan (eds.), Flora of China, Vol. 7, Menispermaceae through Capparaceae. Science Press, Beijing; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis. ISBN 978-1-930723-81-8. PDF Online 参考页面. 
• Manchester, S.R. 1994. Fruits and seeds of the Middle Eocene Nut Beds flora, Clarno Formation, Oregon. Palaeontographica Americana 58: 1–205. BHL PDF 参考页面. 
• Pramanik, A. & Gangopadhyay, M. 1993. Menispermaceae. Pp. 308–350 in Sharma, B.D., Balakrishnan, N.P., Rao, R.R. & Hajra, P.K. (eds.), Flora of India, Vol. 1, Ranunculaceae–Barclayaceae. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta. 参考页面. 
• Thulin, M. 1993. 16. Menispermaceae. Pp. 25–28 in Flora of Somalia, Vol. 1, Pteridophyta; Gymnospermae; Angiospermae (Annonaceae–Fabaceae). Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew. ISBN 0-947643-55-9. 参考页面. 
• Troupin, G. 1951. 34. Menispermaceae. Pp. 202–255 in Flore du Congo Belge et du Ruanda-Urundi, Vol. 2. Institut National pour l'Étude Agronomique du Congo Belge, Bruxelles [Brussels]. 参考页面.  (as Hyalosepalum)
• Troupin, G. 1956. Menispermaceae. In Turrill, W.B. & Milne-Redhead, E. (eds.), Flora of Tropical East Africa. 32 pp. Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and Administrations, London. ISBN 978-1-84246-286-7 Online 参考页面. 
• Troupin, G. 1959. Contribution a l'étude monographique des Menispermaceae africaines IV. Menispermaceae du Congo belge et du Ruanda-Urundi. Bulletin du Jardin botanique de l'État a Bruxelles 29: 213–226. JSTOR 参考页面. 
• Troupin, G. 1960. 7. Menispermaceae. Pp. 150–171 in Exell, A.W. & Wild, H. (eds.), Flora Zambesiaca, Vol. 1, part 1. Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and Administrations, London. Online 参考页面. 
• Troupin, G. 1962. Monographie des Menispermaceae africaines. 313 pp. (Mémoires in-8vo, Nouv. sér., Tome XIII, fasc. 2.) Académie Royale des Sciences d'Outre-Mer, Classe des Sciences Naturelles et Médicales, Bruxelles. PDF (20 MB) 参考页面. 
• Troupin, G. & Keay, R.W.J. 1954. 12. Menispermaceae. Pp. 66–77 in Hutchinson, J., Dalziel, J.M. & Keay, R.W.J., Flora of West Tropical Africa, 2nd ed., Vol. 1(1). Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and Administrations, London. 参考页面. 

链接

• Govaerts, R. et al. 2024. Tinospora in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2024 January 31. 参考页面. 
• International Plant Names Index. 2017. Tinospora. Published online. Accessed 24 January 2017.
• Farr, E.R. & Zijlstra, G. (eds.) 1996 onwards. Campylus in Index Nominum Genericorum (Plantarum). Accessed: 2017 January 24.
• Farr, E.R. & Zijlstra, G. (eds.) 1996 onwards. Desmonema in Index Nominum Genericorum (Plantarum). Accessed: 2017 January 24.
• Farr, E.R. & Zijlstra, G. (eds.) 1996 onwards. Fawcettia in Index Nominum Genericorum (Plantarum). Accessed: 2017 January 24.
• Farr, E.R. & Zijlstra, G. (eds.) 1996 onwards. Hyalosepalum in Index Nominum Genericorum (Plantarum). Accessed: 2017 January 24.
• Farr, E.R. & Zijlstra, G. (eds.) 1996 onwards. Hypsipodes in Index Nominum Genericorum (Plantarum). Accessed: 2017 January 24.
• Farr, E.R. & Zijlstra, G. (eds.) 1996 onwards. Tinospora in Index Nominum Genericorum (Plantarum). Accessed: 2017 January 24.
• USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Tinospora in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 2017-01-24.
• Tropicos.org 40014751. 24. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: January 2017 40014751.
• African Plants Database (version 3.4.0). Tinospora. Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève and South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. Accessed: 24 January 2017.

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