Strychnos spinosa

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Strychnos spinosa
Strychnos spinosa

Taxonavigation

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Taxonavigation: Gentianales 
Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Asterids
Cladus: Lamiids
Ordo: Gentianales

Familia: Loganiaceae
Tribus: Strychneae
Genus: Strychnos
Species: Strychnos spinosa

Name

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Strychnos spinosa Lam., 1794

Synonyms

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  • Homotypic
    • Brehmia spinosa (Lam.) Harv. in London J. Bot. 1: 26 (1842)
  • Heterotypic
    • Strychnos buettneri Gilg in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 17: 574 (1893)
    • Strychnos cardiophylla Gilg & Busse in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 36: 110 (1905)
    • Strychnos carvalhoi Gilg in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 28: 123 (1899)
    • Strychnos courteti A.Chev. in Études Fl. Afr. Centr. Franç. 1: 203 (1913), nom. nud.
    • Strychnos cuneifolia Gilg & Busse in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 36: 109 (1905)
    • Strychnos djalonis A.Chev. in Rev. Int. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 27: 358 (1947)
    • Strychnos dulcis A.Chev. in Études Fl. Afr. Centr. Franç. 1: 203 (1913), nom. nud.
    • Strychnos emarginata Baker in D.Oliver & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Trop. Afr. 4(1): 537 (1903)
    • Strychnos euryphylla Gilg & Busse in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 179 (1902)
    • Strychnos flacurtii Desv. ex Thouars in J. Bot. (Desvaux) 1: 251 (1808)
    • Strychnos gilletii De Wild. in Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot., sér. 5, 1: 176 (1904)
    • Strychnos gracillima Gilg in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 17: 573 (1893)
    • Strychnos gracillima var. paucispinosa De Wild. in Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot., sér. 4, 1: 97 (1903)
    • Strychnos harmsii Gilg & Busse in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 36: 109 (1905)
    • Strychnos laxa Soler. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 17: 554 (1893)
    • Strychnos leiosepala Gilg & Busse in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 36: 111 (1905)
    • Strychnos lokua A.Rich. in Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 52 (1850)
    • Strychnos madagascariensis Spreng. ex Baker in Fl. Mauritius: 235 (1877), not validly publ.
    • Strychnos megalocarpa Gilg & Busse in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 180 (1902)
    • Strychnos meughe Chiov. in Racc. Bot.: 83 (1935), orth. var.
    • Strychnos miniungansamba Gilg in Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 1: 77 (1895)
    • Strychnos mueghe Chiov. in Racc. Bot.: 83 (1935)
    • Strychnos omphalocarpa Gilg & Busse in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 181 (1902)
    • Strychnos pluvialis A.Chev. in Études Fl. Afr. Centr. Franç. 1: 204 (1913), nom. nud.
    • Strychnos radiosperma Gilg & Busse in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 36: 108 (1905)
    • Strychnos rhombifolia Gilg & Busse in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 36: 107 (1905)
    • Strychnos sansibariensis Gilg in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 28: 124 (1899)
    • Strychnos schweinfurthii Gilg in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 17: 568 (1893)
    • Strychnos spinosa subsp. lokua (A.Rich.) Bruce in Kew Bull. 10: 42 (1955)
    • Strychnos spinosa var. pubescens Baker in D.Oliver & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Trop. Afr. 4(2): 537 (1903)
    • Strychnos spinosa subsp. volkensii (Gilg) E.A.Bruce in Kew Bull. 10: 40 (1955)
    • Strychnos tonga Gilg in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 17: 575 (1893)
    • Strychnos unguacha var. retusa Chiov. in Fl. Somala 2: 305 (1932)
    • Strychnos volkensii Gilg ex Engl. in Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1894: 25 (1894)
    • Strychnos volkensii Gilg in Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 1: 76 (1895)
    • Strychnos vuntac Bojer in Hortus Maurit.: 205 (1837)

Distribution

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Native distribution areas:
  • Continental: Africa
    • Regional: Western Africa
      • Angola, Benin, Cameroon, Congo, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo
    • Regional: Central Africa
      • Botswana, Burkina, Burundi, Caprivi Strip, Central African Repu, Chad, Malawi, Mali, Zambia, Zaïre, Zimbabwe
    • Regional: Southtern Africa
      • Cape Provinces, KwaZulu-Natal, Northern Provinces, Swaziland
    • Regional: Mascareñas
      • Comoros
    • Regional: Eastern Africa
      • Ethiopia, Kenya, Mozambique, Rwanda, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda
    • Regional: Western Indian Ocean
      • Madagascar
    • Introduced into:
      • Florida, Mauritius, Réunion, Seychelles

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

References

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Primary references

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Vernacular names

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Afrikaans: Doringklapper, Bobbejaanklapper, Klapper, Wildekalbasboom · Ndebele: Ihlala, Umhlali, Umkibatshame, Umngono
English: Spiny monkey-orange, Green monkey orange, African orange, Bush orange, Kaffir orange, Sweet monkey orange
português: Massala (Moz)
chiShona: Mutamba
SiSwati: umKwakwa, Mhlola, umHlala
Sesotho: Morapa (N)
Setswana: Nsala
Xitsonga: Nsala
Tshivenda: Muramba, Muramba-khomu
isiZulu: Umhlala, iHlala
Wikimedia Commons For more multimedia, look at Strychnos spinosa on Wikimedia Commons.