Strychnos spinosa

Taxonavigation[edit]

Taxonavigation: Gentianales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Eudicots Cladus: Core eudicots Cladus: Asterids Cladus: Lamiids Ordo: Gentianales

Familia: Loganiaceae
Tribus: Strychneae
Genus: Strychnos
Species: Strychnos spinosa

Name[edit]

Strychnos spinosa Lam., 1794

Synonyms[edit]

Homotypic
- Brehmia spinosa (Lam.) Harv. in London J. Bot. 1: 26 (1842)
Heterotypic
- Strychnos buettneri Gilg in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 17: 574 (1893)
- Strychnos cardiophylla Gilg & Busse in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 36: 110 (1905)
- Strychnos carvalhoi Gilg in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 28: 123 (1899)
- Strychnos courteti A.Chev. in Études Fl. Afr. Centr. Franç. 1: 203 (1913), nom. nud.
- Strychnos cuneifolia Gilg & Busse in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 36: 109 (1905)
- Strychnos djalonis A.Chev. in Rev. Int. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 27: 358 (1947)
- Strychnos dulcis A.Chev. in Études Fl. Afr. Centr. Franç. 1: 203 (1913), nom. nud.
- Strychnos emarginata Baker in D.Oliver & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Trop. Afr. 4(1): 537 (1903)
- Strychnos euryphylla Gilg & Busse in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 179 (1902)
- Strychnos flacurtii Desv. ex Thouars in J. Bot. (Desvaux) 1: 251 (1808)
- Strychnos gilletii De Wild. in Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot., sér. 5, 1: 176 (1904)
- Strychnos gracillima Gilg in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 17: 573 (1893)
- Strychnos gracillima var. paucispinosa De Wild. in Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot., sér. 4, 1: 97 (1903)
- Strychnos harmsii Gilg & Busse in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 36: 109 (1905)
- Strychnos laxa Soler. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 17: 554 (1893)
- Strychnos leiosepala Gilg & Busse in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 36: 111 (1905)
- Strychnos lokua A.Rich. in Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 52 (1850)
- Strychnos madagascariensis Spreng. ex Baker in Fl. Mauritius: 235 (1877), not validly publ.
- Strychnos megalocarpa Gilg & Busse in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 180 (1902)
- Strychnos meughe Chiov. in Racc. Bot.: 83 (1935), orth. var.
- Strychnos miniungansamba Gilg in Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 1: 77 (1895)
- Strychnos mueghe Chiov. in Racc. Bot.: 83 (1935)
- Strychnos omphalocarpa Gilg & Busse in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 181 (1902)
- Strychnos pluvialis A.Chev. in Études Fl. Afr. Centr. Franç. 1: 204 (1913), nom. nud.
- Strychnos radiosperma Gilg & Busse in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 36: 108 (1905)
- Strychnos rhombifolia Gilg & Busse in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 36: 107 (1905)
- Strychnos sansibariensis Gilg in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 28: 124 (1899)
- Strychnos schweinfurthii Gilg in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 17: 568 (1893)
- Strychnos spinosa subsp. lokua (A.Rich.) Bruce in Kew Bull. 10: 42 (1955)
- Strychnos spinosa var. pubescens Baker in D.Oliver & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Trop. Afr. 4(2): 537 (1903)
- Strychnos spinosa subsp. volkensii (Gilg) E.A.Bruce in Kew Bull. 10: 40 (1955)
- Strychnos tonga Gilg in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 17: 575 (1893)
- Strychnos unguacha var. retusa Chiov. in Fl. Somala 2: 305 (1932)
- Strychnos volkensii Gilg ex Engl. in Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1894: 25 (1894)
- Strychnos volkensii Gilg in Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 1: 76 (1895)
- Strychnos vuntac Bojer in Hortus Maurit.: 205 (1837)

Distribution[edit]

Native distribution areas:

Continental: Africa
- Regional: Western Africa
  - Angola, Benin, Cameroon, Congo, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo
- Regional: Central Africa
  - Botswana, Burkina, Burundi, Caprivi Strip, Central African Repu, Chad, Malawi, Mali, Zambia, Zaïre, Zimbabwe
- Regional: Southtern Africa
  - Cape Provinces, KwaZulu-Natal, Northern Provinces, Swaziland
- Regional: Mascareñas
  - Comoros
- Regional: Eastern Africa
  - Ethiopia, Kenya, Mozambique, Rwanda, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda
- Regional: Western Indian Ocean
  - Madagascar
- Introduced into:
  - Florida, Mauritius, Réunion, Seychelles

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2^nd Edition

References[edit]

Primary references[edit]

Lamarck, J.-B. 1794–1819 ["1793"]. Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature. Botanique. Tome second. 551 pp., tt. 112–445. Panckoucke, Paris. BHL Biblioteca Digital Reference page. : 2:38.

Links[edit]

Hassler, M. 2023. Strychnos spinosa. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2023. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2023 August 05. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2023. Strychnos spinosa. Published online. Accessed: August 05 2023.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2023. Strychnos spinosa in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2023 August 05. Reference page.
Tropicos.org 2023. Strychnos spinosa. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 05 August 2023.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Strychnos spinosa in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 07-Oct-06.

Vernacular names[edit]

Afrikaans: Doringklapper, Bobbejaanklapper, Klapper, Wildekalbasboom · Ndebele: Ihlala, Umhlali, Umkibatshame, Umngono
English: Spiny monkey-orange, Green monkey orange, African orange, Bush orange, Kaffir orange, Sweet monkey orange
português: Massala (Moz)
chiShona: Mutamba
SiSwati: umKwakwa, Mhlola, umHlala
Sesotho: Morapa (N)
Setswana: Nsala
Xitsonga: Nsala
Tshivenda: Muramba, Muramba-khomu
isiZulu: Umhlala, iHlala

For more multimedia, look at Strychnos spinosa on Wikimedia Commons.