Caroxylon dendroides

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Caryophyllales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Eudicots Cladus: Core eudicots Ordo: Caryophyllales

Familia: Amaranthaceae s.l.
Cladus: Chenopodiaceae s.str.
Subfamilia: Salsoloideae
Tribus: Caroxyleae
Genus: Caroxylon
Species: Caroxylon dendroides

Name

Caroxylon dendroides (Pall.) Tzvelev, Ukrayins'k. Bot. Zhurn. 50(1): 81. (1993).

Synonyms

• Basionym
  • Salsola dendroides Pall., Illustr. 22, pl. 14. (1803).
    • Type: (Kazahkhstan): "In maxime australibus, salsuginosis et squalidis deserti Caspici, praesertim inter Volgae ostia et Cuman fluvium, ut et in Majaschnoi bugor, colle littorali inter Volgae et Rhymni ostia sito”, P.S. Pallas. Lectotype (designated by Freitag 1997, Fl. Iran., 172: 202.): BM; Syntypes BM000950605, P-MOQ.
• Homotypic
  • Nitrosalsola dendroides (Pall.) Theodorova, Ukrayins'k. Bot. Zhurn. 72(5): 443. (2015).
• Heterotypic (ref. Hassler 2025)
  • Salsola suaedoides Moq., Chenopod. Monogr.: 148. (1840).
    • Type: Iran: "In Persia". 1825. Isosyntype: Zonguerabad, C.P. Bélanger #436. P00799100. Isotype: C.P. Bélanger #s.n., G00439724.
  • Halogeton olivieri Moq., Chenopod. Monogr.: 159. (1840).
    • Type locality: Iran: "In Persia, circa Teheran". Olivier & Bruguière. Holotype: P.
  • Salsola olivieri (Moq.) Bunge, in Ledeb., Fl. Ross. 3: 814. (1851).
  • Salsola dendroides subsp. olivieri (Moq.) Botsch., Nov. Syst. Pl. Vasc. 11: 132. (1974).
  • Halogeton georgicus Moq., in DC. Prodr. 13,2: 205. (1849).
    • Type: "In Georgia caucasica". Willmsen.
  • Salsola georgica (Moq.) Bunge, in Ledeb., Fl. Ross. 3: 814. (1851)
  • Salsola dendroides subsp. trichantha Botsch., Nov. Syst. Pl. Vasc. 11: 133. (1974).
    • Type: Iran: Persiae australis prov. Farsistan: Niris, ad lacum salsum. 1892-10-06, J.F.N.Bornmüller #4196. Holotype: LE00011931; Isotypes: B_10_0272150, G00439725, JE00021073.
  • Salsola trichantha (Botsch.) Botsch., Nov. Syst. Pl. Vasc. 19: 81. (1982).
  • Salsola ericoides sensu C.A.Mey., Verz. Pfl. Casp. Meer. (C.A. von Meyer). 160. 1831, (cites Salsola ericoides M.Bieb.).
• (+ ref. Freitag, 1997)
  • Salsola ericoides var. leucoxylon Moq., in DC. Prodr. 13,2: 183. (1849).
  • Salsola leucoxylon Moq., Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 183. (1849), nom. inval. in syn.
    • Type: Afghanistan. Griffith 1799.

Distribution

Native distribution areas:
Europe Eastern Europe SE-European Russia (NW-Caspian Sea) Asia-Temperate Middle Asia Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Tadzhikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan Caucasus Azerbaijan, Armenia, Gruziya, Northern Caucasus Western Asia Afghanistan, Iran, Turkey (NE-Anatolia) References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

References

Primary references

• Botschantzev, V.P. 1974. Species subsectionis Caroxylon sectionis Caroxylon (Thunbg.) Fenzl generis Salsola. Novosti Sistematiki Vysshikh Rastenii 11: 110–174. (Russian) Reference page. 
• Botschantzev, V.P. 1982. Species novae e familia Chenopodiaceae. Novitates Systematicae Plantarum Vascularium (Novosti Sistematiki Vysshikh Rastenii) 19: 74–81. Reference page. 
• Ledebour, C.F. 1849–1851. Flora Rossica; (sive, Enumeratio plantarum in totius Imperii Rossici provinciis Europaeis, Asiaticis et Americanis hucusque observatarum). Vol. 3. Pars 2. pp. [1–8], 493–866. Stuttgartiae [Stuttgart], E. Schweizerbart. BHL Reference page. 
• Meyer, C.A.v. 1831. Verzeichniss der Pflanzen, welche während der, auf allerhöchsten Befehl, in den Jahren 1829 und 1830 unternommenen Reise im Caucasus und in den Provinzen am westlichen Ufer des Caspischen Meeres gefunden und eingesammelt worden sind. St. Petersburg, Kaiserliche Akademie der Wissenschaften. Gallica, MDZ Reference page. 
• Moquin-Tandon, A. 1840. Chenopodearum Monographica Enumeratio. P.-J. Loss, Paris. BHL Reference page. 
• Moquin-Tandon, A. 1849. Salsolaceae. In: De Candolle, A.P. (ed.): Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis 13(2): 41–219. Masson, Paris. BHL Reference page. 
• Pallas, P.S. 1803. Illustrationes Plantarum Imperfecte Vel Nondum Cognitarum. Lipsiae: Martini. ULB Halle (incomplete), Gallica Reference page. 
• Theodorova (Feodorova), T.A. 2015. New nomenclatural combinations in Nitrosalsola (Chenopodiaceae). Ukrayins'kyi Botanicnyi Zhurnal 72(5): 442–445. DOI: 10.15407/ukrbotj72.05.442 PDF Reference page. 
• Tzvelev, N.N. 1993. Zametki o marevykh (Chenopodiaceae) vostochnoy Evropy = Заметки о маревых Восточной Европы. (Notes on Chenopodiaceae of eastern Europe.) Ukrayins'kyi Botanicnyi Zhurnal 50(1): 78–85. Reference page. 

Additional references

• Akhani, H., Edwards, G. & Roalson, E.H. 2007. Diversification of the Old World Salsoleae s.l. (Chenopodiaceae): Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis of Nuclear and Chloroplast Data Sets and a Revised Classification. International Journal of Plant Sciences 168(6): 931–956. DOI: 10.1086/518263 ResearchGate Reference page. : 948.
• Freitag, H. 1997. Salsola dendroides. Pp. 202–205 in Hedge, I.C., Akhani, H., Freitag, H., Kothe-Heinrich, G., Podlech, D., Rilke, S. & Uotila, P. , Chenopodiaceae. In: Rechinger, K.H. (ed.): Flora Iranica Vol. 172. 371 pp., 212 tab., Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt Graz. Reference page. 

Links

• Hassler, M. 2025. Caroxylon dendroides. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2025. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2025 May 27. Reference page. 
• International Plant Names Index. 2025. Caroxylon dendroides. Published online. Accessed: May. 27 2025. Reference page.
• Govaerts, R. et al. . 27 in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2025 May. Reference page. 

Vernacular names

• қазақша: Сарсадақ шөре
• oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча: Shoʻrbuta