Nerium oleander

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Nerium oleander, Ouarzazate, Morocco

Taxonavigation

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Taxonavigation: Gentianales 
Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Asterids
Cladus: Lamiids
Ordo: Gentianales

Familia: Apocynaceae
Subfamilia: Apocynoideae
Tribus: Nerieae
Subtribus: Neriinae
Genus: Nerium
Species: Nerium oleander

Name

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Nerium oleander L., Sp. Pl.: 209 (1753).

Synonyms

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  • Heterotypic
    • Nerium indicum Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8.: n.° 2 (1768).
      • Oleander indica (Mill.) Medik., Hist. & Commentat. Acad. Elect. Sci. Theod.-Palat. 6: 381 (1790).
      • Nerium oleander var. indicum (Mill.) O.Deg. & Greenwell in O.Degener, Fl. Hawaiiensis 305: [s.p.] (1952).
    • Nerium latifolium Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8.: n.° 3 (1768).
    • Nerium lauriforme Lam., Fl. Franç. 2: 299 (1779).
    • Nerium odorum Soland. in Aiton, Hort. Kew. 1: 297 (1789).
      • Nerium indicum var. odorum (Aiton) Poit., Bon Jard. 1835: 651 (1835).
    • Oleander vulgaris Medik., Hist. & Commentat. Acad. Elect. Sci. Theod.-Palat. 6: 381 (1790).
    • Nerium odoratum Lam., Encycl. 3: 456 (1792).
    • Nerium verecundum Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 147 (1796), nom. superfl.
    • Nerium odorum Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 147 (1796), nom. illeg.
    • Nerium floridum Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 147 (1796).
    • Nerium carneum Dum.Cours., Bot. Cult., ed. 2, 3: 268 (1811).
    • Nerium flavescens Spin, Jard. St. Sebastien: 1 (1812).
    • Nerium grandiflorum Desf., Tabl. École Bot., ed. 2: 92 (1815), nom. nud.
    • Nerium luteum Nois. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot. 1: 553 (1821), nom. inval.
    • Nerium oleander var. flore-variegato G.Lodd., Bot. Cab. 7: t. 666 (1827), contrary to Art. 23.6. (ICN, 2012).
    • Nerium oleander var. album G.Lodd., Bot. Cab. 7: t. 700 (1827).
    • Nerium coccineum Bürger, Ann. Blumisterei Gartenbesitz. 6: 273 (1830), nom. illeg.
    • Nerium atropurpureum Bürger, Ann. Blumisterei Gartenbesitz. 6: 273 (1830).
    • Nerium odoratissimum Wender., Schriften Ges. Beförd. Gesammten Naturwiss. Marburg 2: 245 (1831).
    • Nerium oleander var. atropurpureum Van Houtte, Hort. Belge 1: 99 (1833).
    • Nerium indicum var. ragonotii C.Morren, Hort. Belge 2: 246 (1835).
    • Nerium oleander var. radicans Poit., Bon Jard. 1835: 650 (1835).
    • Nerium indicum var. oxiacantholens Poit., Bon Jard. 1835: 650 (1835).
    • Nerium indicum var. ochroleucum Poit., Bon Jard. 1835: 650 (1835).
    • Nerium indicum var. aurantiacum Poit., Bon Jard. 1835: 650 (1835).
    • Nerium indicum var. luteum Poit., Bon Jard. 1835: 650 (1835).
    • Nerium indicum var. splendens Poit., Bon Jard. 1835: 651 (1835).
    • Nerium splendens Paxton, Paxton's Mag. Bot. 3: 73 (1837).
    • Nerium thyrsiflorum Paxton, Paxton's Mag. Bot. 3: 73 (1837).
    • Nerium mascatense A.DC. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 8: 421 (1844).
    • Nerium kotschyi Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. 7: 21 (1846).
      • Nerium odorum var. kotschyi (Boiss.) Boiss., Fl. Orient. 4(1): 48 (1875).
      • Nerium indicum subsp. kotschyi (Boiss.) Rech.f., Fl. Iranica 103: 3 (1974).
    • Nerium haqueville Pancher in Cuzent, Iles Soc. Tahiti 235 (1860), nom. inval.
    • Nerium madonii M.Vincent, J. Soc. Centr. Hort. France, sér. 2, 8: 184 (1875).
    • Nerium oleander var. luteomarginatum Van Geert, Nursery Cat. (Auguste Van Geert) 76: 25 (1878).
    • Nerium oleander var. pictum-argenteum Van Geert, Nursery Cat. (Auguste Van Geert) 76: 25 (1878).
    • Nerion oleandrum St.-Lag., Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 130 (1880).
    • Nerium oleander var. madonii-grandiflorum Hovey, Nursery Cat. (Hovey & co.) 1882: 12 (1882).
    • Nerium oleander atropurpureum-plenum Hovey, Nursery Cat. (Hovey & co.) 1882: 12 (1882).
    • Nerium japonicum Gentil, Pl. Cult. Serres Jard. Bot. Brux.: 130 (1907).
    • Nerium sinense Hunter ex Ridl., J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 53: 81 (1909).
    • Nerium indicum var. leucanthum Makino, Ill. Fl. Nippon: 207 (1940), no Latin descr.
    • Nerium indicum var. lutescens Makino, Ill. Fl. Nippon: 207 (1940), no Latin descr.
      • Nerium indicum f. lutescens (Makino) Okuyama, J. Jap. Bot. 30: 43 (1955), nom. inval.
    • Nerium indicum var. plenum Makino, Ill. Fl. Nippon: 207 (1940), no Latin descr.
    • Nerium oleander subsp. kurdicum Rech.f., Fl. Iranica 103: 2 (1974).

Distribution

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Native distribution areas:
  • Continental: Europe
    • Regional: Southwestern Europe
      • Baleares, Corse, France, Portugal, Sardegna, Spain.
    • Regional: Southeastern Europe
      • Albania, Greece, Italy, Sicilia, Turkey-in-Europe, Yugoslavia.
    • Regional: Eastern Europe
      • Krym (introduced).
  • Continental: Africa
    • Regional: Northern Africa
      • Algeria, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia, Western Sahara (introduced).
    • Regional: Macaronesia
      • Azores, Canary Islands, Madeira (introduced).
    • Regional: West Tropical Africa
      • Niger, Senegal (introduced).
    • Regional: West-Central Tropical Africa
      • Cameroon, Gulf of Guinea Islands (introduced).
    • Regional: Northeast Tropical Africa
      • Chad, Eritrea, Ethiopia (introduced).
    • Regional: East Tropical Africa
      • Kenya (introduced).
    • Regional: South Tropical Africa
      • Zimbabwe (introduced).
    • Regional: Southern Africa
      • Cape Provinces (introduced).
    • Regional: Middle Atlantic Ocean
      • Ascension (introduced).
    • Regional: Western Indian Ocean
      • Chagos Archipelago, Comoros, Madagascar (introduced).
  • Continental: Asia-Temperate
    • Regional: Western Asia
      • Afghanistan, Cyprus, East Aegean Islands, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon-Syria, Palestine, Turkey.
    • Regional: Arabian Peninsula
      • Gulf States, Oman.
    • Regional: China
      • China South-Central, Hainan, Manchuria, China North-Central, China Southeast (introduced).
    • Regional: Eastern Asia
      • Japan, Korea (introduced).
  • Continental: Asia-Tropical
    • Regional: Indian Subcontinent
      • Bangladesh (introduced), India, Pakistan, West Himalaya.
    • Regional: Indo-China
      • Myanmar.
    • Regional: Malesia
      • Jawa, Lesser Sunda Islands (introduced).
  • Continental: Australasia (introduced)
    • Regional: Australia
      • New South Wales.
    • Regional: New Zealand
      • Kermadec Islands, New Zealand North.
  • Continental: Pacific (introduced)
    • Regional: Southwestern Pacific
      • Gilbert Islands, Nauru, Vanuatu.
    • Regional: South-Central Pacific
      • Cook Islands, Line Islands, Society Islands, Tuamotu, Tubuai Islands.
    • Regional: Northwestern Pacific
      • Caroline Islands, Marianas, Marshall Islands.
    • Regional: North-Central Pacific
      • Hawaii.
  • Continental: Northern America (introduced)
    • Regional: Southeastern U.S.A.
      • Alabama, Arkansas.
    • Regional: Mexico
      • Mexico Central, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Southwest, Mexico Southeast.
  • Continental: Southern America (introduced)
    • Regional: Central America
      • Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama.
    • Regional: Caribbean
      • Bermuda, Trinidad-Tobago.
    • Regional: Brazil
      • Brazil South.
    • Regional: Southern South America
      • Juan Fernández Islands.

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

References

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Primary references

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Vernacular names

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беларуская: Алеандр
বাংলা: করবী
čeština: Oleandr obecný
Deutsch: Oleander
English: Oleander
español: Adelfa
suomi: Oleanteri
français: Laurier Rose
italiano: Oleandro
sardu: Olisandru
српски / srpski: Олеандер - Oleander
svenska: Oleander
Türkçe: Zakkum
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