Equus ferus caballus

Equus ferus caballus

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Equoidea

Superregnum: Eukaryota Cladus: Unikonta Cladus: Opisthokonta Cladus: Holozoa Regnum: Animalia Subregnum: Eumetazoa Cladus: ParaHoxozoa Cladus: Bilateria Cladus: Nephrozoa Superphylum: Deuterostomia Phylum: Chordata Cladus: Olfactores Subphylum: Vertebrata Infraphylum: Gnathostomata Megaclassis: Osteichthyes Cladus: Sarcopterygii Cladus: Rhipidistia Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes Cladus: Elpistostegalia Superclassis: Tetrapoda Cladus: Reptiliomorpha Cladus: Amniota Cladus: Synapsida Cladus: Eupelycosauria Cladus: Metopophora Cladus: Haptodontiformes Cladus: Sphenacomorpha Cladus: Sphenacodontia Cladus: Pantherapsida Cladus: Sphenacodontoidea Cladus: Therapsida Cladus: Theriodontia Cladus: Eutheriodontia Cladus: Cynodontia Cladus: Epicynodontia Cladus: Eucynodontia Cladus: Probainognathia Cladus: Prozostrodontia Cladus: Mammaliamorpha Cladus: Mammaliaformes Classis: Mammalia Cladus: Theriimorpha Cladus: Theriiformes Cladus: Trechnotheria Cladus: Cladotheria Cladus: Prototribosphenida Cladus: Zatheria Cladus: Tribosphenida Subclassis: Theria Cladus: Eutheria Infraclassis: Placentalia Magnordo: Boreoeutheria Superordo: Laurasiatheria Cladus: Scrotifera Grandordo: Ferungulata Cladus: Pan-Euungulata Mirordo: Euungulata Cladus: Panperissodactyla Cladus: Perissodactylamorpha Ordo: Perissodactyla Subordo: Hippomorpha Superfamilia: Equoidea

Familia: Equidae
Subfamilia: Equinae
Tribus: Equini
Genus: Equus
Species: Equus ferus
Subspecies: Equus ferus caballus

Name

Equus caballus Linnaeus, 1758

• Type locality: "Habitat in Europa" (= Sweden?); based on domestic horses.
• Original combination: Equus Caballus Linnaeus, 1758

Alternative treatments

• Equus caballus Linnaeus, 1758 [if treated as subspecies of ferus, which name should have priority over the domestic form at species level per ICZN Opinion 2027; conversely, MSW 3 treated ferus as a subspecies of caballus, but see below]. Note, as at May 2023, the term Equus ferus caballus is still used in the scientific literature for the domestic horse (example: 3,120 hits on Google Scholar, date range 2010-2023), but less frequently than Equus caballus over the same period ("about 18,000 results").
• Equus caballus caballus Linnaeus, 1758: Wilson & Reeder, Mammal Species of the World (3rd edition), 1995 - online version at https://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=14100016 [incorrect]. This treatment is equivalent to the above, i.e. domestic horse treated as a subspecies of a larger taxon covering both domestic and wild horses, except in MSW 3's view the correct specific name for the larger taxon was caballus, not ferus. In this view, the larger taxon is caballus and its included subspecies are then caballus (nominate subspecies), ferus (as E. c. ferus) and przewalskii (as E. c. przewalskii). However, the selection of caballus for the name of the larger, more inclusive taxon was later recognised to have been an error made at the time by the author of that section based on a mis-interpretation of ICZN Opinion 2027, but one that could not subsequently be corrected in the print version, for full details refer Groves & Grubb, 2011, p. 8.

Note that more recent authorities tend to treat both caballus and ferus as separate species, while generally (but not exclusively) retaining przewalskii at subspecies level, i.e. of ferus as per the Mammal Diversity Database; for an alternative view regarding the ranking of the latter taxon, refer Groves & Grubb, 2011.

References

Primary references

• Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio Decima, Reformata. Tomus I. Holmiæ (Stockholm): impensis direct. Laurentii Salvii. 824 pp. DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542 BHL p. 73 BHL Reference page. 

Additional references

• Groves, C. & Grubb, P. 2011. Ungulate Taxonomy. Baltimore, USA: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 179. ISBN 978-1-4214-0093-8.
• ICZN 2003. OPINION 2027 (Case 3010). Usage of 17 specific names based on wild species which are pre-dated by or contemporary with those based on domestic animals (Lepidoptera, Osteichthyes, Mammalia): conserved. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 60(1): 81–85. BHL Reference page. 

Links

• Equus ferus caballus in Mammal Species of the World.
  Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn M. (Editors.) 2005. Mammal Species of the World – A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Third edition. ISBN 0-8018-8221-4. [as caballus caballus within an enlarged caballus [error for ferus], the latter also including ferus and przewalskii as other subspecies - not followed here]
• Equus ferus caballus – Taxon details on Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
• Equus caballus in ASM Mammal Diversity Database.

Vernacular names

• Afrikaans: Perd
• Akan: Pɔnkɔ
• አማርኛ: ፈረስ
• aragonés: Caballo
• ܐܪܡܝܐ: ܣܘܣܝܐ
• مصرى: حصان
• العربية: حصان
• asturianu: Caballu
• অসমীয়া: ঘোঁৰা
• авар: Чу
• Aymar aru: Kawallu
• azərbaycanca: At
• Boarisch: Roß
• башҡортса: Ат
• Bikol Central: Kabayo
• беларуская (тарашкевіца): Конь
• беларуская: Конь
• български: Кон
• বাংলা: ঘোড়া
• བོད་ཡིག: རྟ།
• brezhoneg: Marc'h
• bosanski: Konj
• català: Cavall
• 閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄: Mā
• нохчийн: Говр
• کوردی: ئەسپ
• corsu: Cavaddu
• čeština: Kůň
• чӑвашла: Лаша
• Cymraeg: Ceffyl
• dansk: Hest
• Deutsch: Pferd
• Zazaki: Estor
• eʋegbe: Esɔ
• Ελληνικά: Άλογο
• emiliàn e rumagnòl: Cavàl
• English: Horse
• Esperanto: Ĉevalo
• español: Caballo
• eesti: Hobune
• euskara: Zaldi
• فارسی: اسب
• suomi: Hevonen
• Nordfriisk: Hingst
• français: Cheval
• furlan: Cjaval
• Frysk: Hynder
• Gaeilge: Capall
• Gàidhlig: Each
• galego: Cabalo
• Avañe'ẽ: Kavaju
• 客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî: Mâ
• Hausa: Doki
• עברית: סוס הבית
• हिन्दी: घोड़ा
• hrvatski: Domaći konj
• Kreyòl ayisyen: Chwal
• magyar: Ló
• հայերեն: Պրժևալսկու ձի
• interlingua: Cavallo
• Bahasa Indonesia: Kuda
• Ido: Kavalo
• íslenska: Hestur
• italiano: Cavallo
• 日本語: ウマ
• Jawa: Jaran
• Taqbaylit: Ayis
• ქართული: ცხენი
• Tyap: Tsaai
• қазақша: Ат
• ಕನ್ನಡ: ಕುದುರೆ
• 한국어: 말
• کٲشُر: گُر
• kurdî: Hesp
• кыргызча: Жылкы
• Ladino: Kavayo
• лакку: Чу
• Lëtzebuergesch: Päerd
• Ligure: Cavallo
• Limburgs: Taam peerd
• lombard: Caàl
• lietuvių: Arklys
• latviešu: Zirgs
• Malagasy: Soavaly
• македонски: Коњ
• മലയാളം: കുതിര
• монгол: Адуу
• मराठी: घोडा
• Bahasa Melayu: Kuda
• Malti: Żiemel
• မြန်မာဘာသာ: မြင်း
• مازِرونی: اسپ
• Nāhuatl: Cahuāyoh
• नेपाल भाषा: सल
• नेपाली: घोडा
• Nederlands: Paard
• norsk nynorsk: Hest
• norsk: Hest
• Diné bizaad: Łį́į́ʼ
• occitan: Caval
• ଓଡ଼ିଆ: ଘୋଡ଼ା
• ирон: Бæх
• ਪੰਜਾਬੀ: ਘੋੜਾ
• polski: Koń domowy
• پنجابی: گھوڑا
• پښتو: آس
• português: Cavalo
• Runa Simi: Kawallu
• rumantsch: Chaval
• armãneashti: Calu
• română: Cal
• русский: Лошадь домашняя
• Ikinyarwanda: Ifarashi
• sicilianu: Cavaddu
• Scots: Horse
• sardu: Caddu
• srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски: Konj
• සිංහල: අශ්වයා
• slovenčina: Kôň
• slovenščina: Konj
• chiShona: Bhiza
• Soomaaliga: Faras
• shqip: Kali
• српски / srpski: Kоњ
• Sunda: Kuda
• svenska: Häst
• Kiswahili: Farasi
• ślůnski: Kůń
• தமிழ்: குதிரை
• తెలుగు: గుర్రము
• тоҷикӣ: Асп
• ไทย: ม้า
• Tagalog: Kabayo
• Türkçe: At
• татарча / tatarça: Ат
• удмурт: Вал
• ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche: ئات
• українська: Свійський кінь
• اردو: گھوڑا
• oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча: Ot
• vèneto: Caval
• Tiếng Việt: Ngựa
• Winaray: Kabayo
• walon: Tchivå
• ייִדיש: פערד
• 粵語: 馬
• 中文: 馬

For more multimedia, look at Equus ferus caballus on Wikimedia Commons.