Crocanthemum bicknellii

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Malvales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Cladus: Diaphoretickes Cladus: CAM Cladus: Archaeplastida Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Eudicots Cladus: Core eudicots Cladus: Rosids Cladus: Eurosids II Ordo: Malvales

Crocanthemum bicknellii (Fernald) Janch. in H.G.A.Engler, Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2. 21: 307 (1925).

Basionym
- Helianthemum bicknellii Fernald, Rhodora 21: 36 (1919), nom. nov.
  - Typus: Maine, Bangor, 7 Aug 1908, Fernald (Holotype: GH)
Heterotypic
- Helianthemum canadense var. walkerae W.H.Evans, Bot. Gaz. 15: 211 (1890).
  - Helianthemum walkerae (W.H.Evans) M.W.Lyon, Amer. Midl. Naturalist 10: 278 (1927), as "walkedae".
Misapplied names
- Helianthemum majus E.P.Bicknell, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 21: 257 (1894), nom. illeg. non Helianthemum majus (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb., Prelim. Cat.: 6 (1888).
  - Halimium majus (E.P.Bicknell) Grosser in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV, 193: 50 (1903).

Native distribution areas:

Continental: Northern America
- Regional: Western Canada
  - Manitoba.
- Regional: Eastern Canada
  - Ontario, Québec.
- Regional: Northwestern U.S.A.
  - Colorado, Montana, Wyoming.
- Regional: North-Central U.S.A.
  - Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, South Dakota, Wisconsin.
- Regional: Northeastern U.S.A.
  - Connecticut, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia.
- Regional: Southeastern U.S.A.
  - Arkansas, Delaware (extinct), Georgia, Kentucky, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia.

Janchen, E.E.A. 1925. Cistaceae. Pp. 283–307 in Engler, H.G.A. (ed.), Gilg, E.F. (red.), Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien nebst ihren Gattungen und wichtigeren Arten, insbesondere den Nutzpflanzen. ed. 2. Band 21. Parietales und Opuntiales. 660 pp. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig. Internet Archive Reference page.
Fernald, M.L. 1919. Helianthemum bicknellii and H. propinquum. Rhodora 21(242): 36–37. JSTOR BHL Reference page.

Daoud, H.S. & Wilbur, R.L. 1965. A revision of the North American species of Helianthemum (Cistaceae). Rhodora 67(769): 63–82 JSTOR BHL, (770): 201–216 JSTOR BHL, (771): 255–312. JSTOR BHL. Reference page.
Sorrie, B.A. 2015. Crocanthemum. Pp. 400–408 in Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.), Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 6: Magnoliophyta: Cucurbitaceae to Droseraceae. 496 pp. Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-534027-3. efloras FNA Website Reference page.

Govaerts, R. et al. 2025. Crocanthemum bicknellii in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2025 Nov 23. Reference page.
Tropicos.org 2025. Crocanthemum bicknellii. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 23 Nov 2025. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2025. Crocanthemum bicknellii. Published online. Accessed: 23 Nov 2025. Reference page.
Hassler, M. 2025. World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. . Crocanthemum bicknellii. Accessed: 23 Nov 2025. Reference page.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Crocanthemum bicknellii in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 09-Oct-10. Reference page.