Conium

Conium maculatum

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Apiales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Cladus: Diaphoretickes Cladus: CAM Cladus: Archaeplastida Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Eudicots Cladus: Core eudicots Cladus: Asterids Cladus: Campanulids Ordo: Apiales

Familia: Apiaceae
Subfamilia: Apioideae
Genus: Conium
Species: C. chaerophylloides – C. divaricatum – C. fontanum – C. hilliburttorum – C. maculatum – C. sphaerocarpum

Name

Conium L., Sp. Pl.: 243 (1753).

• Type Species: Conium maculatum L. LT designated by Hitchcock, Prop. Brit. Bot. 139 (1929)

Synonyms

• Homotypic
  • Cicutaria Heist. ex Fabr., Enum Meth. Pl.: 40 (1759), nom. illeg.

• Heterotypic
  • Cicuta Daubenton & Jaucourt in D.Diderot & J.L.R.d’Alembert, Encycl. Dict. Raisonné Sci. 3: 449 (1753), nom. illeg.

Distribution

Native distribution areas:

Native to: Africa Northeast Tropical Africa Ethiopia. Northern Africa Algeria, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia. Southern Africa Botswana, Cape Provinces, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, Lesotho, Northern Provinces. Asia-Temperate Arabian Peninsula Saudi Arabia, Yemen. Caucasus North Caucasus, Transcaucasus. China Xinjiang. Middle Asia Kazakhstan, Kirgizistan, Tadzhikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. Western Asia Afghanistan, Cyprus, East Aegean Is., Iran, Iraq, Lebanon-Syria, Palestine, Turkey. Asia-Tropical Indian Subcontinent Pakistan, West Himalaya. Europe Eastern Europe Baltic States, Belarus, Central European Russia, East European Russia, Krym, North European Russia, Northwest European Russia, South European Russia, Ukraine. Middle Europe Austria, Belgium, Czechia-Slovakia, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, Switzerland. Northern Europe Denmark, Finland, Sweden. Southeastern Europe Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Kriti, Romania, Sicilia, Türkiye'nin Avrupa kısmı, NW. Balkan Pen. Southwestern Europe Baleares, Corse, France, Portugal, Sardegna, Spain. Introduced into: Africa Macaronesia Azores, Canary Is., Madeira. South Tropical Africa Mozambique, Zimbabwe. Antarctic Subantarctic Islands Amsterdam-St.Paul Is., Falkland Is. Asia-Temperate Eastern Asia Japan, Korea. Russian Far East Primorye. Siberia Altay, Krasnoyarsk, West Siberia. Australasia Australia Tasmania. New Zealand New Zealand North, New Zealand South. Europe Northern Europe Great Britain, Ireland, Norway. Northern America Eastern Canada New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Québec. Mexico Mexico Central, Mexico Northeast. North-Central U.S.A. Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Wisconsin. Northeastern U.S.A. Connecticut, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode I., Vermont, West Virginia. Northwestern U.S.A. Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming. South-Central U.S.A. New Mexico, Texas. Southeastern U.S.A. Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia. Southwestern U.S.A. Arizona, California, Nevada, Utah. Western Canada Alberta, British Columbia, Saskatchewan. Southern America Brazil Brazil South, Brazil Southeast. Caribbean Cayman Is., Dominican Republic, Haiti. Central America El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras. Southern South America Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Argentina South, Chile Central, Chile South, Juan Fernández Is., Uruguay. Western South America Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru. References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

References

Primary references

• Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum. Tomus I: 243. Reference page. 

Links

• Govaerts, R. et al. 2025. Conium in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2025 Dec 15. Reference page. 
• International Plant Names Index. 2025. Conium. Published online. Accessed: 15 Dec 2025. Reference page.
• Hassler, M. 2025. World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. . Conium. Accessed: Dec 15 2025. Reference page. 

Vernacular names

• العربية: شوكران
• azərbaycanca: Badyan
• башҡортса: Монар көпшәһе
• čeština: bolehlav
• чӑвашла: Шăршлаккай
• dansk: Skarntyde-slægten
• Deutsch: Schierling
• Ελληνικά: Κώνειο
• English: Hemlock
• eesti: Surmaputk
• فارسی: شوکران
• suomi: Katkot
• עברית: רוש
• magyar: Bürök
• 日本語: ドクニンジン
• ქართული: კონიო
• lietuvių: Mauda
• polski: Szczwół
• русский: Болиголов
• slovenčina: bolehlav
• svenska: Odörtssläktet
• ไทย: เฮมล็อก
• українська: Болиголов
• 中文: 繖型科

For more multimedia, look at Conium on Wikimedia Commons.