Echinopsis

Echinopsis oxygona

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Caryophyllales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Eudicots Cladus: Core eudicots Ordo: Caryophyllales

Familia: Cactaceae
Subfamilia: Cactoideae
Tribus: Cereeae
Subtribus: Trichocereinae
Genus: Echinopsis
Widely Accepted Species: E. aurea – E. breviflora – E. calochlora – E. chrysantha – E. densispina – E. haematantha – E. marsoneri – E. oxygona – E. tubiflora
Accepted Species in Dispute: E. albispinosa – E. chalaensis – E. clavata – E. cuzcoensis – E. hammerschmidii – E. huotii – E. ibicuatensis – E. jajoiana – E. lageniformis – E. oligotricha – E. rauschii – E. rhodacantha – E. rojasii – E. silvestrii – E. tacaquirensis – E. torrefluminensis – E. werdermannii

Name

Echinopsis Zucc. (1837)

• Type species: Echinopsis eyriesii (Turpin) Zucc. (1838) nom. illeg. = Echinopsis oxygona (Link) Zucc. ex Pfeiff. & Otto, Abbild. Beschr. Cact. 1: t. IV. (1838)

Synonyms

• Homotypic
  • Echinonyctanthus Lem., Cact. Gen. Sp. Nov. 10. 1839, nom. illeg.
  • Echinopsis ser. Macracanthae K.Schum. in Mart. & al.(ed.), Fl. Bras. 4(2): 227. 1890 [1].
  • Echinopsis ser. Micracanthae K.Schum. in Mart. & al.(ed.), Fl. Bras. 4(2): 227. 1890 [2].

• Heterotypic
  • Acanthechinopsis Y.Itô, Illus. Flower. Cacti. 67. 1967.
    • Type species: Echinopsis berlingii Y.Itô
  • Andenea Kreuz, Verzeichn. Amer. Sukkulent. 34. 1935.
    • Type species: Andenea gregeri Kreuz.
  • Aureilobivia Frič in Kreuz., Verzeichnis Amer. Sukk. Rev. Syst. Kakteen 33. 1935, nom. inval.
    • Type species: Echinopsis aurea Britton & Rose
  • × Echinobivia G.D.Rowley in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 21: 82. 1966
  • Echinopsis subg. Pseudoechinopsis Backeb., Systematische Übersicht, Blätter für Kakteenforschung 1(3):[2]. 1934 nom. illeg.
    • Type species: Echinopsis aurea Britton & Rose
  • Heterolobivia Y.Itô, Bulletin of the Takarazuka Insectarium 71: 18. 1950, nom. inval.
    • Type species: non design.
  • Hymenorebulobivia Frič ex Kreuz., Verzeichnis Amer. Sukk. Revision Syst. Kakteen 29. 30. 1935 [3], nom. inval.
    • Type species: non design.
  • Hymenorebulobivia [infragen. unranked] Pectinatae Kreuz., Verzeichnis Amer. Sukk. Revision Syst. Kakteen 29. 1935 [4], nom. inval.
    • Type species: Hymenorebulobivia kreuzingeri Frič, nom. inval.
  • Hymenorebulobivia [infragen. unranked] Spinosissimae Kreuz., Verzeichnis Amer. Sukk. Revision Syst. Kakteen 29. 1935 [5], nom. inval.
    • Type species: Hymenorebulobivia spinosissima Kreuz., nom. inval.
  • Hymenorebutia Frič ex Buining, Succulenta (Netherlands) 21 [101]. 1939.
    • Lobivia subg. Hymenorebutia (Frič ex Buining) J.Ullmann, Kaktusy (Brno) 28(1): 5. 1992.
    • Type species: Hymenorebutia kreuzingeri Frič ex Buining
  • Lobivia ser. Cylindricae Backeb., Cactaceae Jb. der DKG. 1941(2): 33. 1942, nom. inval.
    • Type species: Lobivia cylindrica Backeb.
  • Lobivia subg. Cyclolobivia Y.Itô, Bulletin of the Takarazuka Insectarium 71: 18. 1950, nom. inval.
    • Type species: non design.
  • Lobivia subg. Hymenolobivia Buining & Kreuz. ex F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 2: 460. 1980.
    • Hymenolobivia Kreuz. ex Buining, Rebutieae V., Succulenta 20(5): 75. 1938, nom. inval.
      • Type species: Lobivia buiningiana F.Ritter
  • Megalolobivia Y.Itô, Bulletin of the Takarazuka Insectarium 71: 18. 1950, nom. inval.
    • Type species: non design.
  • Pilopsis Y.Itô, Bulletin of the Takarazuka Insectarium 71: 17. 1950, nom. inval.
    • Type species: non design.
  • Salpingolobivia Y.Itô, Explor. Diagr. Austro-echinocact. 290. 1957, nom. inval.
    • Type species: Salpingolobivia aurea (Britton & Rose) Y.Itô, nom. inval.
  • × Soehrenantha Y.Itô, Shaboten (Zushi) 92: 25. 1976
  • × Soehrenopsis Ficzere & Fabian, Debreceni Pozsgástár 18(2): 5. 2015
  • × Soehrenfuria Y.Itô, Cactaceae: 649. 1981
  • Scoparebutia Frič, Rebotioideae: [3]. 1936, nom. inval.
    • Scoparebutia Frič ex Buining, Succulenta 20(4): 55. 1938, nom. inval.
    • Hymenorebutia subg. Scoparebutia Frič ex Buining, Succulenta 21(9): 103. 1939, nom. inval.
      • Type species: non design.
        

Note: This is a view of Echinopsis s.s. v. s.l. and all species listed above require their own taxon page as there are significant differences in species circumscriptions between, for example POWO and CACO.

Hybrids

× Acanthinopsis – × Cleistopsis – × Echinobivia – × Echinomoza – × Echinopalxochia – × Echinophyllum – × Oreonopsis

Distribution

Native distribution areas:
Continental: Southern America Bolivia, Peru, S-Brazil, S-South America References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

References

Primary references

• Zuccarini, J.G. 1831-1836 publ. 1838: Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 2: 675.

Additional references

• Anceschi, G. & Magli, A. 2013. The new monophyletic macrogenus Echinopsis. No risk of paraphyly, and the most convincing hypothesis in phylogenetic terms. Cactaceae Systematics Initiatives 31: 24-27. PDF
• Korotkova, N., Aquino, D., Arias, S., Eggli, U., Franck, A. , Gómez-Hinostrosa, C., Guerrero, P.C., Hernández, H.M., Kohlbecker, A., Köhler, M., Luther, K., Majure, L.C., Müller, A., Metzing, D., Nyffeler, R., Sánchez, D., Schlumpberger, B. & Berendsohn, W.G. 2021. Cactaceae at Caryophyllales. org–a dynamic online species-level taxonomic backbone for the family. Willdenowia 51(2): 251–270. DOI: 10.3372/wi.51.51208 Reference page. 
• Preston-Mafham, R. & Preston-Mafham, K. 1992: Cacti the Illustrated Dictionary
• Schlumpberger, B.O. & Renner, S.S. 2012. Molecular phylogenetics of Echinopsis (Cactaceae): Polyphyly at all levels and convergent evolution of pollination modes and growth forms. American Journal of Botany 99(8): 1335-1349. DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1100288 PDF. Reference page. 
• Schlumpberger, B.O. 2012. New combinations in the Echinopsis alliance Cactaceae Systematics Initiatives 28.
• GRIN Taxonomy for Plants

Links

• Govaerts, R. et al. 2021. Echinopsis in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2021 Nov 04. Reference page. 
• Hassler, M. 2025. World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. . Echinopsis. Accessed: 04 My 2025.
• International Plant Names Index. 2021. Echinopsis. Published online. Accessed: Nov 04 2021. Reference page.
• Korotkova, N. et al. 2025. Echinopsis in Cactaceae at Caryophyllales.org. A global synthesis of species diversity in the angiosperm order Caryophyllales. Published online. Accessed: 2025 May 04. Reference page. 
• Tropicos.org 2021. Echinopsis. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 04 Nov 2021. Reference page.

Vernacular names

• English: Hedgehog Cacti, Sea-urchin Cactus, Easter Lily Cactus
• español: Quisco
• suomi: Pallokaktukset
• magyar: tengerisünkaktusz
• svenska: Sjöborrekaktussläktet

For more multimedia, look at Echinopsis on Wikimedia Commons.