Tephromela atra var. atra

Taxonavigation[edit]

Taxonavigation: Lecanorales
Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Fungi Subregnum: Dikarya Divisio: Ascomycota Subdivisio: Pezizomycotina Classis: Lecanoromycetes Subclassis: Lecanoromycetidae Ordo: Lecanorales

Tephromela atra (Huds.) Hafellner, 1983 var. atra

Substrate and ecology: Usually on non-calciferous rock, or sometimes calciferous rock in open montane habitats as well as coastal regions.

World distribution: Fairly cosmopolitan in Antarctica, Africa, temperate Asia, Australia, Europe, North and South America

Lecanora atra (Huds.) Ach., Lich. univ.: 344 (1810)
Lecanora atra f. corticola Hepp, Flecht. Europ.: no. 613 (1860)
Lecanora atra var. subbyssoides Stirt., Trans. Glasgow Soc. Fld Nat. 4: 85 (1876)

Lecidea atroides Walt. Watson, J. Bot., Lond. 73: 151 (1935)
Lichen ater Huds., Fl. Angl.: 445 (1762)
Parmelia atra (Huds.) Ach., Method. Lich.: 154 (1803)
Parmelia atra (Huds.) Ach., (1803) ß atra
Patellaria atra (Huds.) Wibel, Primit. Fl. Werthem.: 325 (1799)
Psora atra (Huds.) Hampe, in Fürnr., Naturhist. Topogr. Regensburg 2: 251 (1839)
Rinodina atra (Huds.) Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. (London) 1: 449 (1821)
Scutellaria atra (Huds.) Baumg., Fl. Lips.: 586 (1790)
Tephromela atra var. corticola (Hepp) Hafellner & Jerzer, in Nimis & Poelt, Stud. Geobot. 7(suppl. 1): 229 (1987)
Verrucaria atra (Huds.) Hoffm., Deutschl. Fl., Zweiter Theil (Erlangen): 183 (1796) [1795]

Atienza, V.; Pérez-Ortega, S. and Etayo, J. (2009) Two new conidial lichenicolous fungi from Spain indicate the distinction of Lichenodiplis and Minutoexcipula. - Lichenologist 41(3): 223–229. (RLL List # 215 / Rec. # 30526 - Recent Literature on Lichens) (DOI: 10.1017/S0024282909008378)

Kalb, K. (1983) Lichenes Neotropici ausgegeben von Klaus Kalb. Fascikel VII (No. 251-300). - Newmarkt/OPf. 8 November 1983. 16 pp. (RLL List # 120-80 / Rec. # 9673 - Recent Literature on Lichens)

Brodo, I.M.; Sharnoff, S.D. and Sharnoff, S. (2001) Tephromela (pp. 675-677) In, Lichens of North America. Yale University Press, New Haven, 795 pages. (RLL List # 184 / Rec. # 22465 - Recent Literature on Lichens) (Discussion of Tephromela atra: pp. 676-677; distribution map for North America: p. 676; color photo: p. 677, plate 830)

Dobson, F.S. (2000) (Fourth edition) Tephromela (pp. 373-374) In, Lichens: An illustrated guide to the British and Irish species. The Richmond Publishing Co., Ltd., Slough, England, 431 pp. (RLL List # 184 / Rec. # 22402 - Recent Literature on Lichens) (Discussion of Tephromela atra, map and color photo: p. 374)

Nash III, T.H.; Kalb, K. and Rambold, G. (2004) Tephromela (pp. 530-532) In: Nash III, T.H.; Ryan, B.D.; Diederich, P.; Gries, C. and Bungartz, F. (eds.), Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region, Vol. 2. Lichens Unlimited, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, 742 pages. (RLL List # 196 / Rec. # 25965 - Recent Literature on Lichens) (Description of Tephromela atra: pp. 530-531; distribution map for the Sonoran region: p. 531)

Purvis, O.W. (1992) Tephromela M. Choisy (1929) (pp. 589-591) In: Purvis, O.W., Coppins, B.J., Hawksworth, D.L., James, P.W. and Moore, D.M. (eds.) The Lichen Flora of Great Britain and Ireland. London: Natural History Museum Publication, 710 pp. (RLL List # 151 / Rec. # 15105 - Recent Literature on Lichens) (Discussion of Tephromela atra: p. 591)

St. Clair, L.L. (1999) Tephromela A. Choisy (pp. 190-191) In, A color guidebook to common Rocky Mountain lichens. M.L. Bean Life Science Museum of Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, Publisher, 242 pp. (RLL List # 180 / Rec. # 21417 - Recent Literature on Lichens) (Discussion of Tephromela atra and color photo: p. 191)

Thomson, J.W. (1997) Tephromela M. Choisy (pp. 599-604) In American Arctic Lichens: 2. The Microlichens. The University of Wisconsin Press, 675 pages. (RLL List # 170 / Rec. # 18517 - Recent Literature on Lichens) (Discussion of Tephromela atra: pp. 603-604, distribution map for the American arctic: p. 603)

van Herk, K. and Aptroot, A. (2004) Tephromela M. Choisy (pp. 358-359) In, Veldgids Korstmossen. Koninkliijke Nederlandse Natuurhistorische Vereniging, 423 pages; in Dutch. (RLL List # 196 / Rec. # 26085 - Recent Literature on Lichens) (Discussion of Tephromela atra: p. 358; color photo: p. 359)

Wirth, V. (1995) Tephromela Choisy (pp. 891-894) - Teil 2 - In, Die Flechten Baden-Württembergs, Teil 1 & 2. Eugen Ulmer GmbH & Co., Stuttgart. 1006 pp.; in German. (RLL List # 159 / Rec. # 20405 - Recent Literature on Lichens) (Discussion of Tephromela atra: p. 894; color photo: p. 893)