Quercus rubra

Quercus rubra

Quercus rubra

The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Quercus rubra is listed as Least Concern.

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Fagales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Cladus: Diaphoretickes Cladus: CAM Cladus: Archaeplastida Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Eudicots Cladus: Core eudicots Cladus: Rosids Cladus: Eurosids I Ordo: Fagales

Familia: Fagaceae
Genus: Quercus
Species: Quercus rubra

Name

Quercus rubra L., Sp. Pl.: 996 (1753).

Synonyms

• Homotypic
  • Erythrobalanus rubra (L.) O.Schwarz, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 13: 4 (1936).
• Heterotypic
  • Quercus acerifolia G.Kirchn. in E.A.Petzold & G.Kirchner, Arbor. Muscav.: 652 (1864), pro syn.
  • Quercus ambigua F.Michx., Hist. Arbr. Forest. 2: 120 (1811), nom. illeg.
  • Quercus angulizana Raf., Alsogr. Amer.: 22 (1838).
  • Quercus borealis F.Michx., N. Amer. Sylv. Illustr. 1: 98 (1817).
  • Quercus borealis var. flabellata Croizat, Torreya 36: 141 (1936).
  • Quercus borealis f. flabellata (Croizat) Rehder, Bibliogr. Cult. Trees: 653 (1949).
  • Quercus borealis var. maxima (Marshall) Sargent, Rhodora 18: 48 (1916).
  • Quercus coccinea var. ambigua A.Gray, Manual, ed. 5: 454 (1867).
  • Quercus maxima (Marshall) Ashe, Proc. Soc. Amer. Foresters 11: 90 (1916).
  • Quercus michauxii F.Dietr., Nachtr. Vollst. Lex. Gärtn. 7: 54 (1821), nom. illeg.
  • Quercus rubra var. ambigua (A.Gray) Fernald in A.Gray, Manual, ed. 7: 341 (1908).
  • Quercus rubra var. borealis (F.Michx.) Farw., Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 6: 206 (1904).
  • Quercus rubra var. hispanica Castigl., Viagg. Stati Uniti 2: 347 (1790).
  • Quercus rubra f. houbae Trel., Mem. Natl. Acad. Sci. 20: 201 (1924).
  • Quercus rubra f. juvenilis Trel., Mem. Natl. Acad. Sci. 20: 201 (1924).
  • Quercus rubra var. latepinnatifida Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 642 (1891).
  • Quercus rubra var. latifolia Aiton, Hortus Kew. 3: 357 (1789).
  • Quercus rubra var. maxima Marshall, Arbust. Amer.: 122 (1785).
  • Quercus rubra f. obovata Trel., Mem. Natl. Acad. Sci. 20: 201 (1924).
  • Quercus rubra var. pendula de Vos, Bered. Woordenb.: 101 (1867).
  • Quercus rubra var. ramosissima Marshall, Arbust. Amer.: 122 (1785).
  • Quercus rubra var. subserrata Lam., Encycl. 1: 720 (1785).
  • Quercus sada Mast., Gard. Chron., n.s., 4: 685 (1875).

Hybrids

• Quercus × benderi
• Quercus × heterophylla

Distribution

Native distribution areas:

Quercus rubra Continental: Europe (introduced) Regional: Northern Europe Denmark, Norway, Sweden. Regional: Middle Europe Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, Switzerland. Regional: Southwestern Europe France, Portugal, Sardegna, Spain. Regional: Southeastern Europe Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Romania. Regional: Eastern Europe Krym, Ukraine. Continental: Australasia (introduced) Regional: New Zealand New Zealand North, New Zealand South. Continental: Northern America Regional: Eastern Canada New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Québec. Regional: North-Central U.S.A. Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, Oklahoma, Wisconsin. Regional: Northeastern U.S.A. Connecticut, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia. Regional: Southeastern U.S.A. Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, District of Columbia. References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

References

Primary references

• Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum. Tomus II: 996. Reference page. 

Additional references

• Govaerts, R.H.A. & Frodin, D. 1998. World Checklist and Bibliography of Fagales (Betulaceae, Corylaceae, Fagaceae and Ticodendraceae). VIII + 408 p. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. ISBN 1-900347-46-6. Reference page. 

• Wenzell, K. & Kenny, L. 2015. Quercus rubra. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015. IUCN Red List Category: Least Concern . DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T194226A2305058.en..
• Stace, C.A. 2019. New Flora of the British Isles. ed. 4. 1266 pp. C & M Floristics, Middelwood Green, Suffolk ISBN 978-1-5272-2630-2 Reference page. 
• Knapp, W.M. & Naczi, R.F.C. 2021. Vascular plants of Maryland, USA. A comprehensive account of the state's botanical diversity. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 113: 1–151. BHL Reference page. 
• Hassler, M. & Muer, T. 2022. Flora Germanica: alle Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands in Text und Bild. 2 vols., 1712 pp., Verlag Regionalkultur (Ubstadt-Weiher). ISBN 978-3-95505-333-8 Reference page. 

Links

• Govaerts, R. et al. 2025. Quercus rubra in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2025 Nov 9. Reference page. 
• International Plant Names Index. 2025. Quercus rubra. Published online. Accessed: 9 Nov 2025. Reference page.
• Hassler, M. 2025. World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. . Quercus rubra. Accessed: Nov 9 2025. Reference page. 

Vernacular names

• aragonés: Caxico americano
• dansk: Rød-Eg
• Deutsch: Amerikanische Rot-Eiche
• English: Northern red oak
• Esperanto: Ruĝa kverko
• eesti: Punane tamm
• euskara: Haritz gorria / Haritz amerikarra
• suomi: Punatammi
• français: Chêne rouge d'Amérique
• galego: Carballo americano
• magyar: Vörös tölgy, amerikai tölgy, amerikai vöröstölgy
• македонски: Црвен даб
• polski: dąb czerwony
• português: Carvalho-americano
• 中文: 北美紅橡

For more multimedia, look at Quercus rubra on Wikimedia Commons.