Pyrus communis

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Rosales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Cladus: Diaphoretickes Cladus: CAM Cladus: Archaeplastida Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Eudicots Cladus: Core eudicots Cladus: Rosids Cladus: Eurosids I Ordo: Rosales

Familia: Rosaceae
Subfamilia: Amygdaloideae
Tribus: Maleae
Subtribus: Malinae
Genus: Pyrus
Subgenus: Pyrus subg. Pyrus
Species: Pyrus communis
Subspecies: P. c. subsp. caucasica – P. c. subsp. communis

Name

Pyrus communis L., Sp. Pl.: 479 (1753).

Synonyms

Homotypic
- Malus communis (L.) Poir. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl. 5: 560 (1804), nom. illeg.
- Sorbus pyrus Crantz, Stirp. Austr. Fasc. 2: 56 (1763), nom. superfl.

Hybrids

P. × babadagensis – P. × jordanovii – P. × michauxii – P. × sinkiangensis – P. × vavilovii

Distribution

Native distribution areas:

Native to:

Asia-Temperate
- Caucasus
  - North Caucasus, Transcaucasus.
- Western Asia
  - Cyprus, East Aegean Is., Iraq, Türkiye.
Europe
- Eastern Europe
  - Baltic States, Belarus, Central European Russia, East European Russia, Krym, South European Russia, Ukraine.
- Middle Europe
  - Austria, Belgium, Czechia-Slovakia, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, Switzerland.
- Southeastern Europe
  - Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, NW. Balkan Pen., Romania, Sicilia, Türkiye-in-Europe.
- Southwestern Europe
  - Corse, France, Sardegna, Spain.

Introduced into:

Africa
- Macaronesia
  - Canary Is.
- Southern Africa
  - Cape Provinces, Free State.
Asia-Temperate
- Eastern Asia
  - Korea.
- Middle Asia
  - Kazakhstan, Tadzhikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan.
Asia-Tropical
- Indian Subcontinent
  - East Himalaya, India, Pakistan, West Himalaya.
Australasia
- Australia
  - South Australia.
Europe
- Middle Europe
  - Hungary.
- Northern Europe
  - Denmark, Great Britain, Ireland, Sweden.
- Southeastern Europe
  - Kriti.
- Southwestern Europe
  - Portugal.
Northern America
- Eastern Canada
  - Nova Scotia, Ontario.
- Mexico
  - Mexico Northwest.
- North-Central U.S.A.
  - Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Oklahoma, Wisconsin.
- Northeastern U.S.A.
  - Connecticut, Indiana, Maine, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode I., Vermont, West Virginia.
- Northwestern U.S.A.
  - Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington.
- South-Central U.S.A.
  - New Mexico, Texas.
- Southeastern U.S.A.
  - Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia.
- Southwestern U.S.A.
  - California, Utah.
- Western Canada
  - British Columbia.
Southern America
- Brazil
  - Bahia, Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Minas Gerais, São Paulo.
- Western South America
  - Ecuador.

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2^nd Edition

References

Primary references

Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum. Tomus II: 1200. Reference page.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2026. Pyrus communis in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2026 Jan 1. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2026. Pyrus communis. Published online. Accessed: 1 Jan 2026. Reference page.
Hassler, M. 2026. World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. . Pyrus communis. Accessed: 1 Jan 2026. Reference page.

Vernacular names

aragonés: Perera
العربية: كمثرى
azərbaycanca: Adi armud
беларуская: Груша звычайная
български: Обикновена круша
català: Perera europea
kaszëbsczi: Zwëczajnô krëszka
čeština: Hrušeň obecná
Cymraeg: Coeden Ellyg
dansk: Almindelig Pære
Deutsch: Wildbirne
dolnoserbski: Zagrodna kšušcyna
Ελληνικά: Αχλαδιά
English: European Pear
español: Peral europeo
eesti: Harilik pirnipuu
euskara: Madariondo arrunt
فارسی: گلابی اروپایی
suomi: Päärynä
Nordfriisk: Peerbuum
français: Poirier commun
furlan: Piruçâr
galego: Pereira
hornjoserbsce: Zahrodna krušwina
magyar: Nemes körte
italiano: Pero
日本語: セイヨウナシ
한국어: 서양배나무
Ripoarisch: Bir
лакку: Хъюрт
lietuvių: Paprastoji kriaušė
монгол: Европ лийр
Nāhuatl: Peracuahuitl
occitan: Perièr
polski: grusza pospolita
پنجابی: ناشپاتی
română: Păr
русский: Груша обыкновенная
sardu: Pira
slovenčina: Hruška obyčajná
slovenščina: Hruška
српски / srpski: Крушка
svenska: Päron
ไทย: แพร์
Türkçe: Armut
українська: Груша звичайна
West-Vlams: Peire
中文（简体）: 西洋梨
中文（繁體）: 西洋梨
中文（臺灣）: 西洋梨
粵語: 啤梨
中文: 西洋梨