Pinus sylvestris

Pinus sylvestris var. sylvestris, Nethybridge, Scotland

Pinus sylvestris var. sylvestris, Larvik, Norway

The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Pinus sylvestris is listed as Least Concern.

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Pinales
Superregnum: Eukaryota Cladus: Diaphoretickes Cladus: CAM Cladus: Archaeplastida Regnum: Plantae Divisio: Tracheophyta Divisio: Pinophyta Classis: Pinopsida Ordo: Pinales

Familia: Pinaceae
Genus: Pinus
Subgenus: P. subg. Pinus
Sectio: P. sect. Pinus
Subsectio: P. subsect. Pinus
Species: Pinus sylvestris
Varietates: P. s. var. elicinii – P. s. var. hamata – P. s. var. mongholica – P. s. var. sylvestris

Name

Pinus sylvestris L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1000 (1753).

• Protologue locality: "Habitat in Europae borealis sylvis glareosis"
• Lectotypus: Illustration, Daléchamps, Hist. General. Pl. 45, icon. (1586), designated by Farjon & Jarvis, Regnum Veg. 127: 76 (1993)

Synonyms

• Homotypic
  • Pinus borealis Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 398 (1796), nom. superfl.

Distribution

Native distribution areas:

Europe Northern Europe Denmark (possibly extinct in wild; reintroduced), Finland, Great Britain, Iceland (introduced), Ireland (endangered), Norway, Sweden. Middle Europe Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands (extinct in wild; reintroduced), Poland, Switzerland. Southwestern Europe France, Portugal (introduced), Spain. Southeastern Europe Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Romania, Turkey-in-Europe (introduced), Yugoslavia. Eastern Europe Belarus, Baltic States, Krym, Central European Russia, East European Russia, North European Russia, Northwest European Russia, Ukraine. Asia-Temperate Siberia Altay, Buryatiya, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, West Siberia, Yakutiya. Russian Far East Amur, Khabarovsk. Middle Asia Kazakhstan. Caucasus North Caucasus, Transcaucasus. Western Asia Turkey. China Inner Mongolia, Manchuria. Mongolia Mongolia. Eastern Asia (introduced) Korea. Northern America (introduced) North-Central U.S.A. Illinois. Northeastern U.S.A. New York, Vermont. References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

References

Primary references

• Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum. Tomus II: 1000. Reference page. 

Additional references

• Gaussen, H.M.†, Heywood, V.H. & Chater, A.O. 1993. Pinus. Pp. 40–44 in Tutin, T.G., Burges, N.A., Chater, A.O., Edmondson, J.R., Heywood, V.H., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A. (eds.), Flora Europaea. Volume 1: Psilotaceae to Platanaceae. 2nd edition, xlvi + 581 pp., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (UK) / New York / Melbourne, ISBN 0-521-41007-X. Reference page. 
• Farjon, A. 2001. World Checklist and Bibliography of Conifers. 2. ed., 309 pp. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. ISBN 1-84246-025-0 Reference page. 
• Businský, R. 2008. The genus Pinus L., pines: contribution to knowledge. A monograph with cone drawings of all species of the world by Ludmila Businská. Acta Pruhoniciana 88: 1–126. PDF (Text) Photos 1–32 Photos 33–42 Figures 1–73Reference page. 
• Farjon, A. 2010. A Handbook of the World's Conifers. 2 vols., pp. 1–526 + 527–1111, Koninklijke Brill, Leiden, Boston. ISBN 978-90-04-17718-5. Reference page. 

Links

• Earle, C.J. 2023. Pinus sylvestris in The Gymnosperm Database. Accessed: 2023 March 25.

• Gardner, M. 2013. Pinus sylvestris. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013. IUCN Red List Category: Least Concern . DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T42418A2978732.en.
• Govaerts, R. et al. 2023. Pinus sylvestris in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2023 March 25. Reference page. 
• International Plant Names Index. 2023. Pinus sylvestris. Published online. Accessed: March 25 2023. Reference page.
• Hassler, M. 2023. World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. . Pinus sylvestris. Accessed: 25 March 2023.Reference page. 
• Hassler, M. 2023. Pinus sylvestris. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2023. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2023 March 25. Reference page. 

Vernacular names

• aragonés: Pin royo
• العربية: صنوبر بري
• asturianu: Pinu montés
• azərbaycanca: Adi şam
• žemaitėška: Pošės
• башҡортса: Ҡарағай
• беларуская (тарашкевіца): Хвоя звычайная
• беларуская: Хвоя звычайная
• български: Бял бор
• bosanski: Bijeli bor
• català: Pi roig
• kaszëbsczi: Sosna
• čeština: Borovice lesní
• чӑвашла: Хыр
• Cymraeg: Pinwydden yr Alban
• dansk: Skovfyr
• Deutsch: Wald-Kiefer
• dolnoserbski: Pěskowa chójca
• Ελληνικά: Δασική Πεύκη
• English: Scots Pine
• Esperanto: Arbara pino
• español: Pino silvestre
• eesti: Harilik mänd
• euskara: Pinu gorri
• فارسی: کاج اسکاتلندی
• võro: Petäi
• suomi: Metsämänty
• français: Pin sylvestre
• Gaeilge: Péine Albanach
• galego: Piñeiro rubio
• hrvatski: Obični bor
• hornjoserbsce: Pěskowa chójna
• magyar: Erdeifenyő
• հայերեն: Սոճի սովորական
• Ido: Pinastro
• íslenska: Skógarfura
• italiano: Pino silvestre
• 日本語: ヨーロッパアカマツ
• ქართული: ჩვეულებრივი ფიჭვი
• қазақша: Кәдімгі қарағай
• перем коми: Миян пожум
• 한국어: 구주소나무
• lietuvių: Paprastoji pušis
• latviešu: Parastā priede
• македонски: Бел бор
• Nederlands: Grove den
• norsk nynorsk: Furu
• norsk: Furu
• polski: Sosna zwyczajna
• português: Pinheiro silvestre
• rumantsch: Tieu da guaud
• română: Pin de pădure
• русский: Сосна обыкновенная
• Scots: Scots Pine
• davvisámegiella: Beahci
• srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски: Bijeli bor
• slovenčina: Borovica lesná
• slovenščina: Rdeči bor
• српски / srpski: Бели бор - Beli bor
• svenska: Tall
• Türkçe: Sarıçam
• українська: Сосна звичайна
• West-Vlams: Geweune pynboom
• walon: Såvadje sapén
• 吴语: 欧洲赤松
• 中文: 歐洲赤松

For more multimedia, look at Pinus sylvestris on Wikimedia Commons.