Muscari

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Asparagales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Monocots Ordo: Asparagales

Familia: Asparagaceae
Subfamilia: Scilloideae
Tribus: Hyacintheae
Subtribus: Hyacinthinae
Genus: Muscari
Subgenera: M. subg. Leopoldia – M. subg. Moscharia – M. subg. Muscari – M. subg. Pseudomuscari – M. subg. Pulchella
Species: M. adilii – M. albiflorum – M. alpanicum – M. anatolicum – M. armeniacum – M. artvinense – M. atillae – M. atlanticum – M. aucheri – M. azureum – M. babachii – M. baeticum – M. bicolor – M. botryoides – M. bourgaei – M. caucasicum – M. cazorlanum – M. coeleste – M. coeruleum – M. commutatum – M. comosum – M. cycladicum – M. discolor – M. dolichanthum – M. eburneum – M. elmasii – M. erdalii – M. erzincanicum – M. fatmacereniae – M. fertile – M. filiforme – M. forniculatum – M. ghouschtchiense – M. gussonei – M. haradjianii – M. heldreichii – M. hermonense – M. hierosolymitanum – M. inconstrictum – M. inundatum – M. kerkis – M. kurdicum – M. latifolium – M. lazulinum – M. longipes – M. longistylum – M. macbeathianum – M. macrocarpum – M. maritimum – M. massayanum – M. matritense – M. microstomum – M. mirum – M. muglaense – M. nazimiyense – M. neglectum – M. neumannii – M. olivetorum – M. pallens – M. pamiryigidii – M. parviflorum – M. pendulum – M. pseudomuscari – M. pseudopallens – M. pulchellum – M. racemosum – M. sabihapinariae – M. salah-eidii – M. sandrasicum – M. savranii – M. serpentinicum – M. sintenisii – M. sivrihisardaghlarense – M. spreitzenhoferi – M. stenanthum – M. szovitsianum – M. tabrizianum – M. tauricum – M. tavoricum – M. tenuiflorum – M. tijtijense – M. turcicum – M. tuzgoluense – M. ufukii – M. vanense – M. vuralii – M. wallii – M. weissii

Name

Muscari Mill., Gard. Dict. Abr. ed. 4 (1754). BHL

Lectotypus: Muscari botryoides (L.) Mill. (designated by Britton & Brown, Ill. Fl. N.U.S. ed. 2. 1: 510 (1913), supported by Garbari & Greuter 1970 and Speta 1982)

Synonyms

Homotypic
- Botryoides Wolf, Gen. Pl.: 83 (1776).
- Eubotrys Raf., Fl. Tellur. 3: 5 (1837), nom. nud.
- Eubotrys Raf., Autik. Bot.: 124, 139 (1840), nom. superfl. & nom. rej., non Eubotrys Nutt. (nom. cons.)
- Botryanthus Kunth, Enum. Pl. 4: 310 (1843).
  - Lectotypus (designated by Garbari & Greuter 1970: 333): Botryanthus vulgaris Kunth, nom. illeg. (= Muscari botryoides (L.) Miller).
- Botryphile Salisb., Gen. Pl.: 25 (1866).
  - Lectotypus (designated by Garbari & Greuter 1970: 334): Botryphile botryoides (L.) Salisb. (= Muscari botryoides (L.) Mill.).
Heterotypic
- Muscari Kunth, Enum. Pl. 4: 313 (1843), non Mill.
  - Typus: Muscari moschatum Willd. (supported by Stuart 1965 as type of Muscari)
- Czekelia Schur, Oesterr. Bot. Wochenbl. 6: 237 (1856).
  - Typus: Czekelia transsylvanica (Schur) Schur
- Moscharia Salisb., Gen. Pl.: 25 (1866), (nom. illeg. non Moscharia Ruiz & Pavon, WCSP: “Moscharea”)
  - Typus: Moscharia muscari (L.) Salisb. nom. inval.
- Muscarimia Kostel. ex Losinsk. in V.L.Komarov (ed.), Fl. URSS 4: 411 (1935). DJVU
  - Typus: Muscarimia muscari (L.) Losinsk.
- Leopoldia Parl., Fl. Palerm. 1: 435 (1845), nom. cons.
  - Lectotype species (designated by Garbari & Greuter, Taxon 19: 333 (1970)): Leopoldia comosa (L.) Parl.
- Pseudomuscari Garbari & Greuter, Taxon 19: 334 (1970).
  - Type species: Pseudomuscari azureum (Fenzl) Garbari & Greuter, Taxon 19: 334 (1970).

Note: This is a view of Muscari s.l. sensu Speta (1982) & Pfosser & Speta (1999), however, this circumscription is not accepted by all authorities or botanists, Govaerts et al. (2017) & Jafari (2014). See Discussion Page for more information.

Distribution

Native distribution areas:

Europe
- Middle Europe
  - Austria, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Switzerland.
- Southwestern Europe
  - Baleares, Corse, France, Portugal, Sardegna, Spain.
- Southeastern Europe
  - Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Kriti, Romania, Sicilia, Turkey-in-Europe, Yugoslavia.
- Eastern Europe
  - Belarus, Krym, Central European Russia, South European Russia, Ukraine.
Africa
- Northern Africa
  - Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia.
Asia-Temperate
- Middle Asia
  - Kirgizstan, Turkmenistan, Tadzhikistan, Uzbekistan.
- Caucasus
  - North Caucasus, Transcaucasus.
- Western Asia
  - Afghanistan, Cyprus, East Aegean Islands, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon-Syria, Palestine, Sinai, Turkey.
Asia-Tropical
- Indian Subcontinent
  - Pakistan.

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2^nd Edition

References

Primary references

Miller, P. 1754. The Gardeners Dictionary. Abridged. Ed. 4, Vol. 1–3 (unpaged). John & James Rivington, London. DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.79061 Reference page.

Additional references

Böhnert, T. & Lobin, W. 2017. Leopoldia neumannii sp. nov. (Asparagaceae, Scilloideae): a new species of Muscari sensu lato from Greece. Willdenowia 47(2): 179–185. DOI: 10.3372/wi.47.47210 Reference page. (new species described as Leopoldia)
Böhnert, T., Neumann, M., Quandt, D. & Weigend, M. 2023. Phylogeny based generic reclassification of Muscari sensu lato (Asparagaceae) using plastid and genomic DNA. Taxon 72(2): 261–277. DOI: 10.1002/tax.12864 Reference page.
Dizkirici, A., Yigit, O., Pınar, S.M. & Eroğlu, H. 2019. Molecular phylogeny of Muscari (Asparagaceae) inferred from cpDNA sequences. Biologia (Bratislava) 74(3): 205–214. DOI: 10.2478/s11756-018-00164-0 Reference page. (supporting Muscari s.l.)
Garbari F. & Greuter, W. 1970. On the taxonomy and typification of Muscari Miller (Liliaceae) and allied genera, and on the typification of generic Names. Taxon 19(3): 329–335. DOI: 10.2307/1219056 Reference page. (supporting Muscari s.str. excl. Leopoldia and Pseudomuscari)
Jafari, A. & Maassoumi, A.A. 2011. Synopsis of Leopoldia, Muscari and Pseudomuscari (Hyacinthaceae) in Iran, with Leopoldia ghouschtchiensis sp. nova. Annales Botanici Fennici 48(5): 396–400. DOI: 10.5735/085.048.0502 PDF Reference page.
Jafari, A. 2014. A new species of Leopoldia (Asparagaceae Scilloideae formerly Hyacinthaceae) from Iran. Feddes Repertorium 123(4): 291–294. DOI: 10.1002/fedr.20100000 Reference page. (new species described as Leopoldia)
Speta, F. 1982. Über die Abgrenzung und Gliederung der Gattung Muscari und über ihre Beziehungen zu anderen Vertretern der Hyacinthaceae. Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 103(2): 247–291. Reference page. (supporting Muscari s.l.)
Pfosser, M. & Speta, F. 1999. Phylogenetics of Hyacinthaceae based on plastid DNA sequences. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 86(4): 852–875. JSTOR BHL Reference page. (supporting Muscari s.l.)
Stuart, D.C. 1965. Muscari and allied genera. A Lily Group discussion. Lily Year-Book 29: 125–138. Reference page. (supporting Muscari s.l., but with only three species included in the analysis)

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2023. Muscari in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2023 Jul 21. Reference page.
Tropicos.org 2023. Muscari. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 21 Jul 2023.
International Plant Names Index. 2023. Muscari. Published online. Accessed 21 Jul 2023.
Hassler, M. 2023. World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. . Muscari. Accessed: 21 Jul 2023.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Muscari Mill. in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 2014-03-29.
Muscari Mill. – Taxon details on Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
Muscari – Taxon details on National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).
EOL: Muscari

Vernacular names

bosanski: Presličica
čeština: modřenec
dansk: Perlehyacint
Deutsch: Traubenhyazinthen
English: Grape Hyacinths
فارسی: کلاغک
suomi: Helmililjat
Gaeilge: Bú finiúna
עברית: כדן
hornjoserbsce: Kitelnička
magyar: Gyöngyike
հայերեն: Պապլոր
日本語: ムスカリ属
lietuvių: Žydrė
latviešu: Muskares
Nedersaksies: Druufhyacint
Nederlands: Druifhyacint, Blauwe druifjes
norsk: Perleblomslekta
polski: Szafirek
русский: Гадючий лук, Мышиный гиацинт
slovenčina: modrica
svenska: Pärlhyacinter
Türkçe: Arap otu, Arap sümbülü
Tiếng Việt: Muscari
中文（简体）: 葡萄风信子属
中文（繁體）: 葡萄風信子屬
中文: 葡萄风信子属