Imperata cylindrica

Imperata cylindrica

File:Impera cylind 071122–1339 stgd.jpg

Imperata cylindrica

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Poales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Monocots Cladus: Commelinids Ordo: Poales

Familia: Poaceae
Subfamilia: Panicoideae
Tribus: Andropogoneae
Subtribus: Germainiinae
Genus: Imperata
Species: Imperata cylindrica

nom

• Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 3: 10 (1797)
• Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv., Essai d'une Nouvelle Agrostographie 8, 165, 177, pl. 5, f. 1. (1812)

Synonyms

• Basionym
  • Lagurus cylindricus L., Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 2: 878 (1759).
• Homotypic
  • Saccharum cylindricum (L.) Lam., Encycl. 1: 594 (1785).
  • Calamagrostis lagurus Koeler, Descr. Gramin.: 112 (1802), nom. superfl.
  • Saccharum europaeum Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 103 (1805), nom. superfl.
• Heterotypic
  • Saccharum laguroides Pourr., Mém. Acad. Sci. Toulouse 3: 326 (1788).
  • Saccharum diandrum J.Koenig ex Retz., Observ. Bot. 5: 16 (1789), nom. nud.
  • Saccharum koenigii Retz., Observ. Bot. 5: 16 (1789).
  • Saccharum thunbergii Retz., Observ. Bot. 5: 17 (1789).
  • Imperata arundinacea Cirillo, Pl. Rar. Neapol. 2: XXVI (1792).
  • Saccharum sisca Cav., Icon. 3: 47 (1794).
  • Saccharum indum Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 103 (1805), pro syn.
  • Imperata koenigii (Retz.) P.Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr.: 165 (1812).
  • Imperata sieberi Opiz, Naturalientausch 10: 190 (1825).
  • Saccharum spicatum J.Presl in C.B.Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1: 346 (1830), nom. superfl.
  • Saccharum spicatum Burm. ex Kunth, Enum. Pl. 1: 477 (1833), pro syn.
  • Arundo epigeios Forssk. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 144 (1840), pro syn.
  • Imperata allang Jungh., Tijdschr. Natuurl. Gesch. Physiol. 7: 295 (1840).
  • Imperata koenigii var. major Nees, Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill.: 90 (1841).
  • Imperata sisca P.Beauv. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 805 (1841), pro syn.
  • Imperata thunbergii (Retz.) Nees, Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill.: 89 (1841).
  • Imperata pedicellata Steud., Flora 29: 22 (1846).
  • Saccharum alopecurus Nees, Hooker's J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 2: 100 (1850).
  • Imperata arundinacea var. glabrescens Buse in F.A.W.Miquel, Pl. Jungh.: 366 (1854).
  • Imperata filifolia Nees ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 405 (1854).
  • Saccharum negrosense Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 407 (1854), nom. superfl.
  • Imperata arundinacea var. africana Andersson, Öfvers. Kongl. Vetensk.-Akad. Förh. 12: 159 (1855).
  • Imperata arundinacea var. europaea Andersson, Öfvers. Kongl. Vetensk.-Akad. Förh. 12: 159 (1855).
  • Imperata arundinacea var. indica Andersson, Öfvers. Kongl. Vetensk.-Akad. Förh. 12: 159 (1855).
  • Imperata ramosa Andersson, Öfvers. Kongl. Vetensk.-Akad. Förh. 12: 158 (1855), nom. superfl.
  • Imperata arundinacea var. koenigii (Retz.) Benth., Fl. Hongk.: 419 (1861).
  • Imperata arundinacea var. pedicellata (Steud.) Debeaux, Rech. Fl. Pyr. Or. 1: ? (1878).
  • Imperata cylindrica var. pedicellata (Steud.) Debeaux, Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 32: 52 (1878).
  • Imperata cylindrica subvar. koenigii (Retz.) T.Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afric. 5: 694 (1894).
  • Imperata cylindrica var. thunbergii (Retz.) T.Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afric. 5: 693 (1894), nom. superfl.
  • Imperata arundinacea var. latifolia Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 7: 106 (1896).
  • Imperata arundinacea var. thunbergii (Retz.) Stapf in W.H.Harvey & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Cap. 7: 320 (1898), nom. superfl.
  • Imperata cylindrica var. europaea (Andersson) Asch. & Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 2(1): 37 (1898).
  • Imperata angolensis Fritsch, Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 1: 1096 (1901).
  • Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii (Retz.) Pilg., Fragm. Fl. Philipp. 1: 137 (1904).
  • Imperata cylindrica var. parviflora Batt. & Trab., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 53: 32 (1906).
  • Imperata dinteri Pilg., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 48: 342 (1912).
  • Imperata cylindrica f. pallida Honda, J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 3: 374 (1930).
  • Imperata praecoquis Honda, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 53: 385 (1939).
  • Imperata cylindrica var. major (Nees) C.E.Hubb., Grasses Mauritius: 96 (1940).
  • Imperata cylindrica subsp. koenigii (Retz.) Masam. & Yanagita, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 31: 326 (1941).
  • Imperata cylindrica var. africana (Andersson) C.E.Hubb., Joint Publ. Imp. Agric. Bur. 7: 10 (1944).
  • Imperata cylindrica var. latifolia (Hook.f.) C.E.Hubb., Joint Publ. Imp. Agric. Bur. 7: 14 (1944).
  • Imperata robustior A.Chev., Rev. Int. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 29: 114 (1949).
  • Imperata laguroides (Pourr.) J.Roux, Nat. Monspel., Sér. Bot. 9: 177 (1958).
  • Imperata latifolia (Hook.f.) L.Liu, Vasc. Pl. Hengduan Mount. 2: 2299 (1994).

Distribution

Native distribution areas:

Continental: Asia-Temperate Regional: Central Asia Afghanistan Regional: Western Asia Cyprus, East Aegean Is., Iran, Iraq, Lebanon-Syria, Palestine, Sinai, Turkey Regional: Arabian Peninsula Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Socotra, Yemen Continental: Europe Regional: Southeastern Europe Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Kriti, Sicilia, Turkey-in-Europe, Yugoslavia Regional: Southwestern Europe Baleares, Corse, France, Portugal, Sardegna, Spain Continental: Africa Regional: Northern Africa Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia Regional: Macaronesia Canary Is., Cape Verde, Madeira Regional: Southern Africa Angola, Cape Provinces, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, Lesotho, Northern Provinces, Swaziland Regional: Western Africa Benin, Cameroon, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Gulf of Guinea Is., Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo Regional: Tropical Africa Botswana, Burkina, Burundi, Central African Repu, Chad, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Malawi, Mali, Niger, Rwanda, Zambia, Zaïre, Zimbabwe Regional: Eastern Africa Comoros, Ethiopia, Kenya, Liberia, Mozambique, Mauritius, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda Regional: Western Indian Ocean Madagascar Introduced into: Alabama, Andaman Is., Assam, Bangladesh, Bismarck Archipelago, Borneo, Cambodia, Caroline Is., China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Christmas I., Cocos (Keeling) Is., East Himalaya, Fiji, Florida, Georgia, Hainan, India, Inner Mongolia, Japan, Jawa, Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Korea, Laos, Lesser Sunda Is., Louisiana, Malaya, Maluku, Manchuria, Marianas, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Mississippi, Myanmar, Nansei-shoto, Nepal, New Caledonia, New Guinea, New Zealand North, Nicobar Is., Norfolk Is., North Caucasus, Ogasawara-shoto, Oregon, Pakistan, Philippines, Samoa, Solomon Is., South Carolina, South China Sea, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Tadzhikistan, Taiwan, Texas, Thailand, Tibet, Tonga, Transcaucasus, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Vietnam, Virginia, Wallis-Futuna Is., West Himalaya, Xinjiang References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

References

Primary references

• Palisot de Beauvois, A.M.F.J. 1812. Essai d'une Nouvelle Agrostographie; ou Nouveaux Genres des Graminées; Avec Figures Représentant les Caractéres de tous le Genres. Imprimerie de Fain. BHL Reference page.  8, 165, 177, t. 5, fig. 1., (E. A. Raeuschel, Nomencl. bot. 10. 1797, nom. nud.)

Additional references

• Clayton, W.D., Harman, K.T. & Williamson, H. (2006). World Grass Species - Synonymy database The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Links

• Govaerts, R. et al. 2022. Imperata cylindrica in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accedit el: 2022 September 29. Reference page. 
• Hassler, M. 2022. Imperata cylindrica. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2022. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published on the internet. Accedit el: 2022 September 29. Reference page. 
• Tropicos.org 2022. Imperata cylindrica. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accedit el: 29 September 2022.
• International Plant Names Index. 2022. Imperata cylindrica. Published online. Accessed September 29 2022.
• USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Imperata cylindrica in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accedit el: 04-Mar-22.

Vernacular names

Afrikaans: Donsgras, Silweraargras
العربية: حلف (نبات)
Deutsch: Blutgras
español: Cisca
eesti: Harilik alang
suomi: Silkkiheinä
Bahasa Indonesia: Alang-alang
日本語: チガヤ
한국어: 띠
Bahasa Melayu: Lalang
Nederlands: Japans bloedgras
русский: Императа цилиндрическая, Аланг-аланг
Sunda: Eurih
Tagalog: Kugon
Türkçe: Kogon
Tiếng Việt: Cỏ tranh

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