Soda

Soda inermis

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Caryophyllales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Cladus: Diaphoretickes Cladus: CAM Cladus: Archaeplastida Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Eudicots Cladus: Core eudicots Ordo: Caryophyllales

Familia: Amaranthaceae s.l.
Cladus: Chenopodiaceae s.str.
Subfamilia: Salsoloideae
Tribus: Salsoleae
Genus: Soda
Species: S. acutifolia – S. austroiranica – S. cruciata – S. cycloptera – S. cyrenaica – S. florida – S. foliosa – S. gillettii – S. glomerata – S. grandis – S. inermis – S. kerneri – S. longifolia – S. makranica – S. oppositifolia – S. rosmarinus – S. schimperi – S. schweinfurthii – S. stocksii – S. subglabra – S. zygophylla – S. zygophylloides

Names in synonymy

Names in synonymy S. cinerea – S. drummondii for Caspia: C. foliosa for Choriptera C. semhahensis for Darniella: D. cruciata – D. cyrenaica – D. glomerata – D. gymnomaschala – D. longifolia – D. melitensis – D. schweinfurthii – D. sinaica – D. tunetana – D. verticillata – D. zygophylla for Fadenia: F. zygophylloides for Gyroptera: G. cycloptera – G. gillettii – G. somalensis for Lagenantha: L. cycloptera – L. gillettii – L. nogalensis for Neocaspia: N. foliosa for Hypocylix: H. kerneri for Seidlitzia: S. cinerea – S. florida – S. gymnomaschala – S. lanigera – S. longifolia – S. lowei – S. oppositifolia – S. orotavensis – S. rosmarinus – S. stocksii – S. verticillata for Sevada: S. schimperi

Name

Soda (Dumort.) Fourr., Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n.s., 17: 145 (1869), nom. cons. prop.

• Type species: Soda inermis Fourr.

Synonyms

• Basionym
  • Salsola sect. Soda Dumort., Fl. Belg. 23 (1827).
• Heterotypic
  • Caspia Galushko, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 13: 250. (1976) (for homonyms see Caspia), replaced by Neocaspia.
    • Type species: Caspia foliosa (L.) Galushko
  • Choriptera Botsch., Bot. Journ., URSS 52: 804. (1967)
    • Type species: Choriptera semhahensis (Vierh.) Botsch.
  • Darniella Maire & Weiller, Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 30: 301. (1939)
    • Type species: Darniella cyrenaica Maire & Weiller
  • Fadenia Aellen & C.C.Towns., Kew Bull. 27(3): 501. (1972)
    • Type species: Fadenia zygophylloides Aellen & C.C.Towns.
  • Gyroptera Botsch., Bot. Journ., URSS 52: 807. (1967)
    • Type species: Gyroptera somalensis Botsch.
  • Lagenantha Chiov., Fl. Somala 1: 292. (1929)
    • Type species: Lagenantha nogalensis Chiov.
  • Neocaspia Tzvelev, Ukrayins'k. Bot. Zhurn. 50(1): 81. (1993), nomen.nov.
    • Type species: Neocaspia foliosa (L.) Tzvelev
  • Hypocylix Wol., Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Wien. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 51(2): 275. (1886)
    • Type species: Hypocylix kerneri Wol.
  • Seidlitzia Bunge ex Boiss., Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 4(2): 950. (1879)
    • Type species: Seidlitzia florida (M. Bieb.) Boiss. (Lectotype designated by Ulbrich, Nat. Pflanzenfam. ed. 2. 16c: 563, 1934)
  • Salsola sect. Coccosalsola Fenzl, in Ledeb., Fl. Ross. 3,2: 802 (1851)
    • Type species: Salsola foliosa (L.) Schrad. ex Schult.
  • Salsola sect. Coccosalsola Fenzl subsect. Coccosalsola (autonym in Botsch., Nov. Syst. Pl. Vasc. 13: 94. 1976)
  • Salsola sect. Darniella (Maire & Weiller) Brullo, Willdenowia 12: 242. (1982)
  • Sevada Moq., Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(2): 154. (1849)
    • Type species: Sevada schimperi Moq.

Distribution

Native distribution areas:

Continental: Europe Regional: Middle Europe Germany (introduced), Hungary. Regional: Southwestern Europe Baleares, Corse, France, Portugal, Sardegna, Spain. Regional: Southeastern Europe Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Romania, Sicilia, Türkiye-in-Europe, Northwest Balkan Peninsula. Regional: Eastern Europe Krym, East European Russia, South European Russia, Ukraine. Continental: Africa Regional: Northern Africa Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia, Western Sahara. Regional: West Tropical Africa Mauritania. Regional: Northeast Tropical Africa Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Socotra, Somalia, Sudan-South Sudan. Regional: East Tropical Africa Kenya. Continental: Asia-Temperate Regional: Siberia Altay. Regional: Middle Asia Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Turkmenistan, Tadzhikistan, Uzbekistan. Regional: Caucasus North Caucasus, Transcaucasus. Regional: Western Asia Afghanistan, Cyprus, East Aegean Islands, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon-Syria, Palestine, Sinai, Türkiye. Regional: Arabian Peninsula Gulf States, Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen. Regional: China Xinjiang. Regional: Mongolia Mongolia. Continental: Asia-Tropical Regional: Indian Subcontinent India, Pakistan, West Himalaya. Continental: Northern America Regional: Southwestern U.S.A. California (introduced). Continental: Southern America Regional: Southern South America Argentina Northeast (introduced). References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

References

Primary references

• Aellen, P. & Townsend, C.C. 1972. Fadenia - a new genus of Chenopodiaceae from Tropical Africa. Kew Bulletin 27(3): 501–503. Reference page. 
• Boissier, P.E. 1879. Flora Orientalis sive enumeratio plantarum in Oriente a Graecia et Aegypto and Indiae fines hucusque observatarum Volumen quartum. Corolliflorae et Monochlamydeae. Fasciculus secundus. Pp. 281–1276. Genevae et Basileae: H. Georg. BHL Biblioteca Digital Reference page. 
• Botschantzev, V.P. 1967. Sevadinae Botsch., a new subtribe of the fam. Chenopodiaceae. Botanicheskii Zhurnal (Moscow & Leningrad) 52: 800–810. [Russian] Reference page. 
• Brullo, S. 1982. Notes on the Genus Salsola (Chenopodiaceae). 1. The Salsola oppositifolia and S. longifolia Groups. Willdenowia 12(2): 241–247. JSTOR Reference page. 
• Chiovenda, E. 1929. Flora Somala. Vol. 1. 436 pp., 50 pl. Roma: Sindicato italiano arti grafiche (a cura del Ministero delle colonie). Google Books Reference page. 
• Fenzl, E. 1851. Salsolaceae. pp. 689–853. In: Ledebour, C.F.: Flora Rossica Vol. 3, Pars 2. BHL Reference page. 
• Fourreau, J.-P. 1869. Catalogue des plantes du cours du Rhône. (Suite). Annales de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon, sér. 2, 17: 89–200. BHL Reference page. 
• Galushko, A.I. 1976. Taxa nova, 2. Novosti Sistematiki Vysshikh Rastenii 13: 250–255. Reference page. 
• Dumortier, B.C.J. 1827. Florula Belgica, opera majoris prodromus. 172 pp., Casterman, Tornacum Nerviorum. BHL MDZ Reference page. 
• Maire, R.C.J.E. & Weiller, M. 1939. Contributions à l'étude de la Flore de l'Afrique du Nord (Fascicule 27. Contributions à l'étude de la Flore de la Libye) [Nos. 2618–2899]. Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle de l'Afrique du Nord 30(5): 255–314, pl. XVII. Biblioteca Digital Reference page. 
• Moquin-Tandon, A. 1849. Salsolaceae. In: De Candolle, A.P. (ed.): Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis 13(2): 41–219. Masson, Paris. BHL Reference page. 
• Tzvelev, N.N. 1993. Zametki o marevykh (Chenopodiaceae) vostochnoy Evropy = Заметки о маревых Восточной Европы. (Notes on Chenopodiaceae of eastern Europe.) Ukrayins'kyi Botanicnyi Zhurnal 50(1): 78–85. Reference page. 
• Woloszczak, E. 1886. Salsolaceae. In: Stapf (ed.): Die Botanischen Ergebnisse der Polak’schen Expedition nach Persien in Jahre 1882. 2. Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse 51: 274–278. BHL Reference page. 

Additional references

• Akhani, H., Abdullahi, H. & Rudov, A. 2024. Afrosalsola (Amaranthaceae-Chenopodiaceae), an intermediate C3-C4 lineage from NW Africa and the Canary Islands, and some new combinations in African species of Caroxylon and Soda. Mediterranean Botany 45(2), e94654. DOI: 10.5209/mbot.94654 Reference page. 
• Mosyakin, S.L. & Freitag, H. 2023. (3000) Proposal to conserve the name Soda against Sevada (Chenopodiaceae s.str. / Amaranthaceae s.l.). Taxon 72(6): 1371–1373. DOI: 10.1002/tax.13093 Reference page. 
• Mosyakin, S.L., Freitag, H. & Rilke, S. 2017. Kali versus Salsola: the instructive story of a questionable nomenclatural resurrection. Israel Journal of Plant Sciences 64: 18–30. DOI: 10.1080/07929978.2016.1256135 ResearchGate Reference page. 
• Rudov, A., Mashkour, M., Djamali, M. & Akhani, H. 2020. A Review of C4 Plants in Southwest Asia: An Ecological, Geographical and Taxonomical Analysis of a Region With High Diversity of C4 Eudicots. Frontiers in Plant Science 11: 546518. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.546518 Reference page. 
• Freitag, H. 1997. Salsola sect. Coccosalsola. Pp. 164–168 in Hedge, I.C., Akhani, H., Freitag, H., Kothe-Heinrich, G., Podlech, D., Rilke, S. & Uotila, P. , Chenopodiaceae. In: Rechinger, K.H. (ed.): Flora Iranica Vol. 172. 371 pp., 212 tab., Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt Graz. Reference page. 

Links

• Govaerts, R. et al. 2025. Soda in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2025 May 27. Reference page. 
• International Plant Names Index. 2024. Soda. Published online. Accessed: 05Mar 2024. Reference page.

• Tropicos.org 2024. Soda. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 05 Mar 2024. Reference page.

For more multimedia, look at Soda (Amaranthaceae) on Wikimedia Commons.