Equus ferus caballus

Equus ferus caballus

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Equoidea

Superregnum: Eukaryota Cladus: Unikonta Cladus: Opisthokonta Cladus: Holozoa Regnum: Animalia Subregnum: Eumetazoa Cladus: Bilateria Cladus: Nephrozoa Superphylum: Deuterostomia Phylum: Chordata Subphylum: Vertebrata Infraphylum: Gnathostomata Megaclassis: Osteichthyes Cladus: Sarcopterygii Cladus: Rhipidistia Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes Cladus: Elpistostegalia Superclassis: Tetrapoda Cladus: Reptiliomorpha Cladus: Amniota Cladus: Synapsida Cladus: Eupelycosauria Cladus: Metopophora Cladus: Haptodontiformes Cladus: Sphenacomorpha Cladus: Sphenacodontia Cladus: Pantherapsida Cladus: Sphenacodontoidea Cladus: Therapsida Cladus: Theriodontia Cladus: Eutheriodontia Cladus: Cynodontia Cladus: Epicynodontia Cladus: Eucynodontia Cladus: Probainognathia Cladus: Prozostrodontia Cladus: Mammaliamorpha Cladus: Mammaliaformes Classis: Mammalia Cladus: Theriimorpha Cladus: Theriiformes Cladus: Trechnotheria Cladus: Cladotheria Cladus: Prototribosphenida Cladus: Zatheria Cladus: Tribosphenida Cladus: Boreosphenida Subclassis: Theria Cladus: Eutheria Infraclassis: Placentalia Magnordo: Boreoeutheria Superordo: Laurasiatheria Cladus: Scrotifera Grandordo: Ferungulata Mirordo: Euungulata Ordo: Perissodactyla Superfamilia: Equoidea

Familia: Equidae
Subfamilia: Equinae
Tribus: Equini
Genus: Equus
Species: Equus ferus
Subspecies: Equus ferus caballus

Name

Equus caballus Linnaeus, 1758

• Type locality: "Habitat in Europa" (= Sweden?); based on domestic horses.
• Original combination: Equus Caballus Linnaeus, 1758

Alternative treatments

• Equus caballus Linnaeus, 1758 [if treated as subspecies of ferus, which name should have priority over the domestic form at species level per ICZN Opinion 2027; conversely, MSW 3 treated ferus as a subspecies of caballus, but see below]. Note, as at May 2023, the term Equus ferus caballus is still used in the scientific literature for the domestic horse (example: 3,120 hits on Google Scholar, date range 2010-2023), but less frequently than Equus caballus over the same period ("about 18,000 results").
• Equus caballus caballus Linnaeus, 1758: Wilson & Reeder, Mammal Species of the World (3rd edition), 1995 - online version at https://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=14100016 [incorrect]. This treatment is equivalent to the above, i.e. domestic horse treated as a subspecies of a larger taxon covering both domestic and wild horses, except in MSW 3's view the correct specific name for the larger taxon was caballus, not ferus. In this view, the larger taxon is caballus and its included subspecies are then caballus (nominate subspecies), ferus (as E. c. ferus) and przewalskii (as E. c. przewalskii). However, the selection of caballus for the name of the larger, more inclusive taxon was later recognised to have been an error made at the time by the author of that section based on a mis-interpretation of ICZN Opinion 2027, but one that could not subsequently be corrected in the print version, for full details refer Groves & Grubb, 2011, p. 8.

Note that more recent authorities tend to treat both caballus and ferus as separate species, while generally (but not exclusively) retaining przewalskii at subspecies level, i.e. of ferus as per the Mammal Diversity Database; for an alternative view regarding the ranking of the latter taxon, refer Groves & Grubb, 2011.

References

Primary references

• Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio Decima, Reformata. Tomus I. Holmiæ (Stockholm): impensis direct. Laurentii Salvii. 824 pp. DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542 BHL p. 73 BHL Reference page. 

Additional references

• Groves, C. & Grubb, P. 2011. Ungulate Taxonomy. Baltimore, USA: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 179. ISBN 978-1-4214-0093-8.
• ICZN 2003. OPINION 2027 (Case 3010). Usage of 17 specific names based on wild species which are pre-dated by or contemporary with those based on domestic animals (Lepidoptera, Osteichthyes, Mammalia): conserved. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 60(1): 81–85. BHL Reference page. 

Links

• Equus ferus caballus in Mammal Species of the World.
  Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn M. (Editors) 2005. Mammal Species of the World – A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Third edition. ISBN 0-8018-8221-4. [as caballus caballus within an enlarged caballus [error for ferus], the latter also including ferus and przewalskii as other subspecies - not followed here]
• Equus ferus caballus – Taxon details on Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
• Equus caballus in ASM Mammal Diversity Database.

Vernacular names

Afrikaans: Perd
ak: Pɔnkɔ
አማርኛ: ፈረስ
aragonés: Caballo
ܐܪܡܝܐ: ܣܘܣܝܐ
مصرى: حصان
العربية: حصان
asturianu: Caballu
অসমীয়া: ঘোঁৰা
авар: Чу
Aymar aru: Kawallu
azərbaycanca: At
Boarisch: Roß
башҡортса: Ат
Bikol Central: Kabayo
беларуская (тарашкевіца): Конь
беларуская: Конь
български: Кон
বাংলা: ঘোড়া
བོད་ཡིག: རྟ།
brezhoneg: Marc'h
bosanski: Konj
català: Cavall
閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄: Mā
нохчийн: Говр
کوردی: ئەسپ
corsu: Cavaddu
čeština: Kůň
чӑвашла: Лаша
Cymraeg: Ceffyl
dansk: Hest
Deutsch: Pferd
Zazaki: Estor
eʋegbe: Esɔ
Ελληνικά: Άλογο
emiliàn e rumagnòl: Cavàl
English: Horse
Esperanto: Ĉevalo
español: Caballo
eesti: Hobune
euskara: Zaldi
فارسی: اسب
suomi: Hevonen
Nordfriisk: Hingst
français: Cheval
furlan: Cjaval
Frysk: Hynder
Gaeilge: Capall
Gàidhlig: Each
galego: Cabalo
Avañe'ẽ: Kavaju
客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî: Mâ
Hausa: Doki
עברית: סוס הבית
हिन्दी: घोड़ा
hrvatski: Domaći konj
Kreyòl ayisyen: Chwal
magyar: Ló
հայերեն: Պրժևալսկու ձի
interlingua: Cavallo
Bahasa Indonesia: Kuda
Ido: Kavalo
íslenska: Hestur
italiano: Cavallo
日本語: ウマ
Jawa: Jaran
Taqbaylit: Ayis
ქართული: ცხენი
қазақша: Ат
ಕನ್ನಡ: ಕುದುರೆ
한국어: 말
कॉशुर / کٲشُر: گُر
kurdî: Hesp
кыргызча: Жылкы
Ladino: Kavayo
лакку: Чу
Lëtzebuergesch: Päerd
Ligure: Cavallo
Limburgs: Taam peerd
lombard: Caàl
lietuvių: Arklys
latviešu: Zirgs
Malagasy: Soavaly
македонски: Коњ
മലയാളം: കുതിര
монгол: Адуу
मराठी: घोडा
Bahasa Melayu: Kuda
Malti: Żiemel
မြန်မာဘာသာ: မြင်း
مازِرونی: اسپ
Nāhuatl: Cahuāyoh
नेपाल भाषा: सल
नेपाली: घोडा
Nederlands: Paard
norsk nynorsk: Hest
norsk: Hest
Diné bizaad: Łį́į́ʼ
occitan: Caval
ଓଡ଼ିଆ: ଘୋଡ଼ା
ирон: Бæх
ਪੰਜਾਬੀ: ਘੋੜਾ
polski: Koń domowy
پنجابی: گھوڑا
پښتو: آس
português: Cavalo
Runa Simi: Kawallu
rumantsch: Chaval
armãneashti: Calu
română: Cal
русский: Лошадь домашняя
Ikinyarwanda: Ifarashi
sicilianu: Cavaddu
Scots: Horse
sardu: Caddu
srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски: Konj
සිංහල: අශ්වයා
slovenčina: Kôň
slovenščina: Konj
chiShona: Bhiza
Soomaaliga: Faras
shqip: Kali
српски / srpski: Kоњ
Sunda: Kuda
svenska: Häst
Kiswahili: Farasi
ślůnski: Kůń
தமிழ்: குதிரை
తెలుగు: గుర్రము
тоҷикӣ: Асп
ไทย: ม้า
Tagalog: Kabayo
Türkçe: At
татарча / tatarça: Ат
удмурт: Вал
ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche: ئات
українська: Свійський кінь
اردو: گھوڑا
oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча: Ot
vèneto: Caval
Tiếng Việt: Ngựa
Winaray: Kabayo
walon: Tchivå
ייִדיש: פערד
粵語: 馬
中文: 馬

For more multimedia, look at Equus ferus caballus on Wikimedia Commons.