Betula pendula

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Fagales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Cladus: Diaphoretickes Cladus: CAM Cladus: Archaeplastida Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Eudicots Cladus: Core eudicots Cladus: Rosids Cladus: Eurosids I Ordo: Fagales

Familia: Betulaceae
Subfamilia: Betuloideae
Genus: Betula
Subgenus: Betula subg. Betula
Sectio: Betula sect. Betula
Species: Betula pendula
Subspecies: B. p. subsp. mandshurica – B. p. subsp. pendula – B. p. subsp. szechuanica

Name

Betula pendula Roth, Tent. Fl. Germ. 1: 405 (1788).

Synonyms

Homotypic
- Betula alba var. pendula (Roth) W.T.Aiton, Hortus Kew. 3: 336 (1789).
- Betula alba lusus pendula (Roth) Regel, Nouv. Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 13(2): 76 (1861).

Distribution

Native distribution areas:

Continental: Europe
- Regional: Northern Europe
  - Denmark, Finland, Great Britain, Ireland, Norway, Sweden.
- Regional: Middle Europe
  - Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, Switzerland.
- Regional: Southwestern Europe
  - Corse, France, Portugal, Spain.
- Regional: Southeastern Europe
  - Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Romania, Sicilia, Yugoslavia.
- Regional: Eastern Europe
  - Belarus, Baltic States, Krym, Central European Russia, East European Russia, North European Russia, South European Russia, Northwest European Russia, Ukraine.
Continental: Africa
- Regional: Northern Africa
  - Morocco.
Continental: Asia-Temperate
- Regional: Siberia
  - Altay, Buryatiya, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, West Siberia, Yakutskiya.
- Regional: Russian Far East
  - Amur, Kamchatka, Kuril Islands, Magadan, Primorye, Sakhalin.
- Regional: Middle Asia
  - Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Uzbekistan.
- Regional: Caucasus
  - North Caucasus, Transcaucasus.
- Regional: Western Asia
  - Iran, Iraq, Turkey.
- Regional: China
  - China South-Central, Inner Mongolia, Manchuria, China North-Central, Qinghai, Tibet.
- Regional: Mongolia
  - Mongolia.
- Regional: Eastern Asia
  - Japan, Korea.
Continental: Australasia (introduced)
- Regional: Australia
  - Tasmania.
- Regional: New Zealand
  - New Zealand North, New Zealand South.
Continental: Northern America
- Regional: Subarctic America
  - Alaska, Northwest Territories, Yukon.
- Regional: Western Canada
  - Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Saskatchewan.
- Regional: Eastern Canada
  - Ontario.
- Regional: Northwestern U.S.A.
  - Colorado, Oregon, Washington (introduced).
- Regional: North-Central U.S.A.
  - Illinois, Wisconsin (introduced).
- Regional: Northeastern U.S.A.
  - Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Vermont (introduced).
Continental: Southern America
- Regional: Southern South America
  - Argentina Northeast (introduced), Argentina South.

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2^nd Edition

References

Primary references

Roth, A.W. 1788–1789. Tentamen Florae Germanicae; continens enumerationem plantarum in Germania sponte nascentium. Vol 1. xvi + 560 pp., Lipsiae [Leipzig]: in Bibliopolio I.G. Mülleriano. BHL Biblioteca Digital Reference page.

Additional references

Ashburner, K. & McAllister, H.A. 2013. The genus Betula: A taxonomic revision of birches (A Botanical Magazine Monograph). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 431 pp., ISBN 978-1-84246-141-9. Reference page.
Stritch, L., Shaw, K., Roy, S. & Wilson, B., 2014. Betula pendula. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2014. IUCN Red List Category: (Least Concern). DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T62535A3115662.en. Reference page.
Wang. N., McAllister, H.A., Bartlett, P.R. & Buggs, R.J.A. 2016. Molecular phylogeny and genome size evolution of the genus Betula (Betulaceae). Annals of Botany 117(6): 1023–1035. DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcw048 Reference page.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2025. Betula pendula in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2025 Jul 21. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2025. Betula pendula. Published online. Accessed: 21 Jul 2025. Reference page.
Hassler, M. 2025. World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. . Betula pendula. Accessed: Jul 21 2025. Reference page.

Vernacular names

aragonés: Albar, abetoch
العربية: قضبان فضي
azərbaycanca: Sallaq tozağacı
žemaitėška: Beržos svīrouklis
беларуская: Бяроза павіслая
български: Бяла бреза
català: Bedoll comú
kaszëbsczi: Bardówkòwatô brzózka
čeština: Bříza bělokorá
dansk: Vorte-Birk
Deutsch: Hänge-Birke
English: Silver Birch
Esperanto: Penda betulo
español: Abedul común
eesti: Arukask
euskara: Urki dilindari
suomi: Rauduskoivu
français: Bouleau verruqueux
Gaelg: Beih argid
hrvatski: Obična breza
hornjoserbsce: Běła brěza
magyar: Közönséges nyír
íslenska: Vörtubirki
italiano: Betulla
lietuvių: Karpotasis beržas
latviešu: Nokarenais bērzs
македонски: Бела бреза
Nederlands: Ruwe berk/Zilverberk
norsk nynorsk: Hengjebjørk
norsk: Hengebjørk
polski: brzoza brodawkowata
português: Vidoeiro-branco
română: Mesteacăn
русский: Берёза повислая
slovenčina: Breza previsnutá
slovenščina: navadna breza
српски / srpski: Бела бреза
svenska: Vårtbjörk
Türkçe: Adi huş
удмурт: Ошиськись кызьпу
українська: Береза бородавчаста
中文: 垂枝桦