Betula papyrifera
Appearance
Taxonavigation
[edit]Taxonavigation: Fagales |
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Classification System: APG IV
Superregnum: Eukaryota |
Familia: Betulaceae
Subfamilia: Betuloideae
Genus: Betula
Subgenus: Betula subg. Betula
Sectio: Betula sect. Betula
Species: Betula papyrifera
Name
[edit]Betula papyrifera Marshall, Arbust. Amer.: 19 (1785).
Synonyms
[edit]- Homotypic
- Betula lenta var. papyrifera (Marshall) Castigl., Viagg. Stati Uniti 2: 207 (1790).
- Betula alba var. papyrifera (Marshall) Spach, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 15: 188 (1841).
- Betula alba var. communis Regel, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 38(2): 401 (1865), nom. illeg.
- Betula alba subsp. papyrifera (Marshall) Regel, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 38(2): 401 (1865).
- Heterotypic
- Betula excelsa Aiton, Hortus Kew. 3: 337 (1789).
- Betula papyracea Aiton, Hortus Kew. 3: 337 (1789).
- Betula grandis Schrad., Index Seminum (GOET, Gottingensis) 1833: 2 (1833).
- Betula latifolia Tausch, Flora 21: 751 (1838).
- Betula alba lusus latifolia (Tausch) Regel, Nouv. Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 13(2): 79 (1861).
- Betula alba var. commutata Regel, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 38(2): 401 (1865).
- Betula alba subsp. excelsa (Aiton) Regel, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 38(2): 405 (1865).
- Betula alba subsp. latifolia (Tausch) Regel, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 38(2): 399 (1865).
- Betula dauurica var. americana Regel in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2): 175 (1868).
- Betula pirifolia K.Koch, Dendrologie 2(2): 646 (1873).
- Betula kenaica W.H.Evans, Bot. Gaz. 27: 481 (1899).
- Betula papyracea var. communis (Regel) Schelle in L.Beissner, E.Schelle & H.Zabel, Handb. Laubholzben.: 55 (1903).
- Betula papyracea var. grandis (Schrad.) Schelle in L.Beissner, E.Schelle & H.Zabel, Handb. Laubholzben.: 55 (1903).
- Betula papyracea var. lyalliana (Koehne) Schelle in L.Beissner, E.Schelle & H.Zabel, Handb. Laubholzben.: 55 (1903).
- Betula papyrifera var. lyalliana Koehne in L.Beissner, E.Schelle & H.Zabel, Handb. Laubholzben.: 55 (1903).
- Betula papyrifera var. communis Regel in L.Beissner, E.Schelle & H.Zabel, Handb. Laubholzben. 1: 115 (1904).
- Betula montanensis Rydb. ex B.T.Butler, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 36: 438 (1909).
- Betula papyrifera var. kenaica (W.H.Evans) A.Henry in H.J.Elwes & A.Henry, Trees Great Britain 4: 984 (1909).
- Betula subcordata Rydb. ex B.T.Butler, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 36: 436 (1909).
- Betula papyrifera var. andrewsii Daniels, Fl. Boulder Colorado: 101 (1911).
- Betula alba var. elobata Fernald, Rhodora 15: 169 (1913).
- Betula lyalliana (Koehne) Bean, Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isles: 258 (1914).
- Betula papyrifera var. elobata (Fernald) Sarg., J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 63 (1919).
- Betula papyrifera var. montanensis (Rydb. ex B.T.Butler) Sarg., J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 64 (1919).
- Betula papyrifera var. subcordata (Rydb. ex B.T.Butler) Sarg., J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 63 (1919).
- Betula papyrifera f. coriacea Fernald & Wiegand, Rhodora 25: 209 (1923).
- Betula papyrifera var. commutata (Regel) Fernald, Rhodora 47: 312 (1945).
- Betula papyrifera f. longipes Fernald, Rhodora 47: 319 (1945).
- Betula papyrifera var. macrostachya Fernald, Rhodora 47: 318 (1945).
- Betula papyrifera var. pensilis Fernald, Rhodora 47: 318 (1945).
- Betula kamtschatica var. kenaica (W.H.Evans) C.-A.Jansson, Acta Horti Gothob. 25: 137 (1962).
- Betula papyrifera var. recessa Lepage, Naturaliste Canad. 89: 115 (1962).
- Betula neoalaskana var. kenaica (W.H.Evans) B.Boivin, Naturaliste Canad. 94: 230 (1967).
- Betula papyrifera f. elobata (Fernald) B.Boivin, Naturaliste Canad. 94: 231 (1967).
- Betula papyrifera f. nana B.Boivin, Naturaliste Canad. 94: 231 (1967).
- Betula papyrifera subsp. commutata (Regel) A.E.Murray, Kalmia 12: 18 (1982).
- Betula papyrifera subsp. kenaica (W.H.Evans) A.E.Murray, Kalmia 12: 18 (1982).
- Betula papyrifera subsp. subcordata (Rydb. ex B.T.Butler) A.E.Murray, Kalmia 12: 18 (1982).
Distribution
[edit]Native distribution areas: |
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References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition |
References
[edit]- Ashburner, K. & McAllister, H.A. 2013. The genus Betula: A taxonomic revision of birches (A Botanical Magazine Monograph). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 431 pp., ISBN 978-1-84246-141-9. Reference page.
- Stritch, L., 2014. Betula papyrifera. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2014. IUCN Red List Category: (Least Concern). DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T194502A2342659.en. Reference page.
- Wang. N., McAllister, H.A., Bartlett, P.R. & Buggs, R.J.A. 2016. Molecular phylogeny and genome size evolution of the genus Betula (Betulaceae). Annals of Botany 117(6): 1023–1035. DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcw048 Reference page.
- Govaerts, R. et al. 2019. Betula papyrifera in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2019 February 9. Reference page.
- International Plant Names Index. 2019. Betula papyrifera. Published online. Accessed: 9 February 2019.
Vernacular names
[edit]беларуская: Бяроза папяровая
čeština: bříza papírovitá
Deutsch: Papier-Birke
English: paper birch
español: Abedul papirífero1, Abedul de las canoas
suomi: Paperikoivu
Gaeilge: Beith gheal
magyar: papírnyír
lietuvių: Popieržievis beržas
Nederlands: Papierberk
norsk: Papirbjørk
polski: brzoza papierowa
русский: Берёза бумажная
slovenčina: breza papierová
svenska: Pappersbjörk
Türkçe: Kâğıt huşu
татарча / tatarça: Ак каен
中文: 北美白樺
čeština: bříza papírovitá
Deutsch: Papier-Birke
English: paper birch
español: Abedul papirífero1, Abedul de las canoas
suomi: Paperikoivu
Gaeilge: Beith gheal
magyar: papírnyír
lietuvių: Popieržievis beržas
Nederlands: Papierberk
norsk: Papirbjørk
polski: brzoza papierowa
русский: Берёза бумажная
slovenčina: breza papierová
svenska: Pappersbjörk
Türkçe: Kâğıt huşu
татарча / tatarça: Ак каен
中文: 北美白樺