Banisteriopsis caapi

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Malpighiales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Cladus: Diaphoretickes Cladus: CAM Cladus: Archaeplastida Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Eudicots Cladus: Core eudicots Cladus: Rosids Cladus: Unieurosida Ordo: Malpighiales

Familia: Malpighiaceae
Genus: Banisteriopsis
Species: Banisteriopsis caapi

Name

Banisteriopsis caapi (Spruce ex Griseb.) C.V.Morton, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 21(20): 486 (1931).

Synonyme

Basionym
- Banisteria caapi Spruce ex Griseb., Fl. Bras. (Martius) 12(1): 43 (1886)
  - Typuslokalität: Brasilia [= BRAZIL]. Prov. do Alto Amazonas: propé Panuré ad. fl. Uaupés [= Amazonas: near Ipanore on Uaupés River].
  - Typus: R. Spruce 2712 (in flower & fruit, Oktuuber [1852] – Janewoore [1853]; Holotypus: B? [destroyed]; Lektotypus: K [K000427256^{(GBIF, JSTOR, REFLORA, speciesLink)}, designated by Oliveira et al. 2020: 187]; Isolektotypen: BM [BM000796218^{(GBIF, JSTOR, speciesLink)}], BR [BR0000008699077^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}], C [C10014189 (NHMD1689729)^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}], E [E00326511^{(GBIF, JSTOR, REFLORA, speciesLink)}], G {G00352620 (244106/1)^{(GBIF, JSTOR, speciesLink)}, G00352621 (244106/2)^{(GBIF, JSTOR, speciesLink)}}, GH 00045000^{(GBIF, JSTOR, REFLORA, speciesLink)}, K [K000427257^{(GBIF, JSTOR, REFLORA, speciesLink)}], LE 00002985^(JSTOR), NY [NY00055093^{(GBIF, JSTOR, REFLORA, speciesLink)}], P {P00689849^{(GBIF, JSTOR, REFLORA, speciesLink)}, P02428885^{(GBIF, JSTOR, REFLORA, speciesLink)}}, RB [RB00540694 (20468)^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}], W {W 1889-0019824^{(GBIF, REFLORA)}, W 1889-0105110^{(GBIF, REFLORA)}}; cf. TCD [TCD0003905^(JSTOR)]).
Heterotypisch
- Banisteria quitensis Nied., Banisteria 1: 10 (1900)
  - Typuslokalität: ECUADOR. Ad El Rosario, in silvestribus.
  - Typus: H.F.A. von Eggers 15485 ([10 April 1897]; Holotypus: B [destroyed: monochrome photocopy: F0BN012792^{(Field Mus., GBIF1, GBIF2, JSTOR)}]; Lektotypus: NY [NY00055139^{(GBIF, JSTOR, speciesLink)}, designated by Oliveira et al. 2020: 187; fragment, probably of the holotype]; Isolektotypus: F).
    - Banisteriopsis quitensis (Nied.) C.V.Morton, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 21(20): 486 (1931); not accepted by Gates (1982) [cited as B. caapi]
- Banisteriopsis inebrians C.V.Morton, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 21(20): 485 (1931); not accepted by Gates (1982) [cited as B. caapi]
  - Typuslokalität: COLOMBIA. Comisaría del Putumayo: Umbría, 0° 54' N, 76° 10' W, in forest, alt. 325 meters.
  - Typus: G. Klug 1964 (Janewoore–Febrewoore 1931; Holotypus: US [US00108559 (1517293)^{(GBIF, JSTOR, speciesLink)}]; Isotypen: A 00045026^{(GBIF, JSTOR, speciesLink)}, BC-Cuatrecasas-637319^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}, BKL [BKL00002910^(JSTOR)], BM [BM000796170^{(GBIF, JSTOR, speciesLink)}], BR {BR0000008698414^{(GBIF, JSTOR, speciesLink)}, BR0000008698742^{(GBIF, JSTOR, speciesLink)}}, CAS {CAS0001033^{(GBIF, JSTOR, speciesLink)}, CAS0026273^{(GBIF, JSTOR, speciesLink)}}, ECON [ECON01117809^{(GBIF, JSTOR, speciesLink)}], F [V0062591F (651922)^{(CRIA, GBIF, JSTOR)}], G [G00352638 (244122/1)^{(GBIF, JSTOR, speciesLink)}], GH 00045027^{(GBIF, JSTOR, speciesLink)}, IAN [IAN012850], K [K000427304^{(GBIF, JSTOR, REFLORA, speciesLink)}], L {L.2166591^{(GBIF, JSTOR, speciesLink)}, U 0003790^{(GBIF, JSTOR, speciesLink)}}, LP {LP010634^(JSTOR), LP010635^(JSTOR)}, M-0242812 / 737974 / 383334^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}, MEDEL {MEDEL000192^(JSTOR), MEDEL000193^(JSTOR)}, MICH [MICH1102043 (167531)^{(GBIF, JSTOR, speciesLink)}], MO-251670 (1004441)^{(GBIF, JSTOR, speciesLink)}, NY {NY00055163^{(GBIF, JSTOR, speciesLink)}, NY00055164^{(GBIF, JSTOR, speciesLink)}}, P {P02428972^{(GBIF, JSTOR, REFLORA, speciesLink)}, P02428973^{(GBIF, JSTOR, REFLORA, speciesLink)}}, PH {PH00007396^{GBIF, JSTOR)}, PH00007397 (1060029)^{GBIF, JSTOR)}}, RB [RB00540697 (84660)^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}], S {S-R-10129^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}, S08-14594^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}}, SI [SI002626^(JSTOR)], SP [SP000145 (39811)^{(GBIF, JSTOR, REFLORA)}], US {US01094559 (1830419)^{(GBIF, JSTOR, speciesLink)}, US01268785 (3672467)^{(GBIF, speciesLink)}}, VEN [VEN5496^(JSTOR)], W {W 1937-0006366^(GBIF), W 1958-0019748^(GBIF)}; cf. MA-01-00265613^(GBIF)).
    - Banisteria inebrians (C.V.Morton) J.F.Macbr., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 13(3): 828 (1950)

Verbreitung

Natürliche Verbreitungsgebiete:
Southern America Northern South America Venezuela. Western South America Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru. Brazil Brazil West-Central (Mato Grosso), Brazil North (Acre, Amazonas, Pará, Rondônia). Southern South America Argentina Northwest (Salta). Quellennachweise: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2^nd Edition

Quellennachweise

Primärliteratur

Macbride, J.F. 1950. Flora of Peru. Publications of the Field Museum of Natural History, Botanical Series 13(3/3): 779–999. BHL Seite dieser Quellenangabe.
Morton, C.V. (Communicated by E.P. Killip) 1931. Notes on yagé, a drug plant of southeastern Colombia. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 21(20): 485–488. BHL Seite dieser Quellenangabe.
Niedenzu, F. 1900–1901. De genre Banisteria, parts 1 & 2. Index Lectionum in Lyceo Regio Hosiano Brunsbergensi (Verzeichnis der Vorlesungen an der Staatlichen Akademie zu Braunsberg 1900/01). Online. PDF (pars prior), PDF (pars posterior). Seite dieser Quellenangabe.

Weitere Literatur

Gates, B. 1982. Banisteriopsis, Diplopterys (Malpighiaceae). Flora Neotropica Monograph 30: 1–237. JSTOR . World Flora Online Monographs Details, NYBG Steere Herbarium. Seite dieser Quellenangabe. [see pp. 112–114]
Oliveira, R.C. de, Sosin-Oliveira, J., Coelho dos Santos, T.A., Simas e Silva, M., Fagg, C.W. & Sebastiani, R. 2021[2020]. Lectotypification of Banisteriopsis caapi and B. quitensis (Malpighiaceae), names associated with an important ingredient of Ayahuasca. Taxon 70(1): 185–188. DOI: 10.1002/tax.12407 . Seite dieser Quellenangabe.
Zuloaga, F.O. & Belgrano, M.J. (eds.) 2017. Flora Argentina. Flora vascular de la República Argentina 17: Dicotyledoneae-Celastrales, Cucurbitales, Fagales, Malpighiaceae, Oxalidales. San Isidro: Instituto de Botánica Darwinion, 434 pp. ISBN 978-987-45957-7-5. JSTOR . Online version. Seite dieser Quellenangabe.
Zuloaga, F.O., Belgrano, M.J. & Zanotti, C.A. 2019. Actualización del Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur. Darwiniana Nueva Serie, 7(2): 208–278. DOI: 10.14522/darwiniana.2019.72.861 . Appendix 1 (PDF) Catalogue on BHL. Seite dieser Quellenangabe. [see App. I, p. 585]

Weblinks

Francener, A. & Almeida, R.F. 2026. Banisteriopsis caapi. In Flora e Funga do Brasil. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Accessed: 6 Febrewoore 2026.
Global Biodiversity Information Facility. 2026. GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset. Taxon: Banisteriopsis caapi. Accessed: 2026 Febrewoore 6.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2026. Banisteriopsis caapi in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2026 Febrewoore 6. Seite dieser Quellenangabe.
Hassler, M. 2023. Banisteriopsis caapi. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2023. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2023 August 29. Seite dieser Quellenangabe.
International Plant Names Index. 2026. Banisteriopsis caapi. Published online. Accessed 6 Febrewoore 2026. Seite dieser Quellenangabe.
Tropicos.org 2026. Banisteriopsis caapi. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 6 Febrewoore 2026. Seite dieser Quellenangabe.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Banisteriopsis caapi in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 09-Oct-10. Seite dieser Quellenangabe.

Trivialnamen

English: Ayahuasca
español: Ayahuasca
suomi: Amazoninajahuaskaliaani
português: Caapí

Taxon identifiers
Banisteriopsis caapi	CoL: KKRD EoL: 484970 EPPO: BAACA FNA: 242427153 GBIF (before 2026 update): 3191340 GRIN: 400033 iNaturalist: 327802 IPNI: 555820-1 IRMNG: 10594511 ITIS: 506424 NCBI: 577683 PfaF: Banisteriopsis caapi PLANTS: BACA12 POWO: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:29180-2 Tropicos: 19500878 WFO: wfo-0000559408 Wikidata: Q133573
Banisteria caapi	CoL: KKHW GRIN: 6441 IPNI: 28960-2 POWO: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:28960-2 Tropicos: 19500036 WFO: wfo-0000559047 Wikidata: Q39231272