Antirrhinum

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Lamiales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Cladus: Diaphoretickes Cladus: CAM Cladus: Archaeplastida Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Eudicots Cladus: Core eudicots Cladus: Asterids Cladus: Lamiids Ordo: Lamiales

Familia: Plantaginaceae
Tribus: Antirrhineae
Subtribus: Antirrhininae
Genus: Antirrhinum
Sectiones: A. sect. Antirrhinum – A. sect. Orontium – A. sect. Saerorhinum
Species: A. australe – A. barrelieri – A. braun-blanquetii – A. charidemi – A. controversum – A. graniticum – A. grosii – A. hispanicum – A. latifolium – A. majus – A. martenii – A. meonanthum – A. microphyllum – A. molle – A. onubense – A. pertegasii – A. pulverulentum – A. rothmaleri – A. sempervirens – A. siculum – A. tortuosum – A. valentinum
Nothospecies: A. × bilbilitanum – A. × chavannesii – A. × kretschmeri – A. × montserratii

Note: Synonyms of Sairocarpus, Misopates, Mohavea and Neogaerrhinum are removed from this circumscription. Their synonymy with Antirrhinum species will appear on the pages for these genera in due course.

Name

Antirrhinum L., Sp. Pl.: 616 (1753).

Type species: A. majus L.

Synonyms

Homotypic
- Orontium Pers., Syn. Pl. 2: 158 (1806), nom. illeg. non L. (1753).
- Termontis Raf., Aut. Bot. 158 (1840).
Heterotypic
- Anthirrinum Moench, Methodus: 521 (1794).
- Antrizon Raf.. Autik. Bot.: 159 (1840).

Distribution

Native distribution areas:

Continental: Europe
- Regional: Northern Europe
  - Great Britain, Ireland (introduced).
- Regional: Middle Europe
  - Austria, Belgium, Czechia-Slovakia, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland (introduced).
- Regional: Southwestern Europe
  - Baleares, France, Portugal, Sardegna (introduced), Spain.
- Regional: Southeastern Europe
  - Albania, Bulgaria, Greece (introduced), Italy, Kriti, Romania (introduced), Sicilia, Türkiye-in-Europe (introduced).
- Regional: Eastern Europe
  - Krym, East European Russia, South European Russia (introduced).
Continental: Africa
- Regional: Northern Africa
  - Algeria, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia.
- Regional: Macaronesia
  - Azores, Canary Islands, Madeira (introduced).
Continental: Asia-Temperate
- Regional: Middle Asia
  - Kazakhstan, Tadzhikistan, Uzbekistan (introduced).
- Regional: Western Asia
  - Cyprus, East Aegean Islands (introduced), Lebanon-Syria, Palestine, Türkiye (introduced).
- Regional: Eastern Asia
  - Korea (introduced).
Continental: Asia-Tropical (introduced)
- Regional: Indian Subcontinent
  - Assam, Bangladesh, East Himalaya, India.
- Regional: Indo-China
  - Vietnam.
Continental: Australasia (introduced)
- Regional: Australia
  - Tasmania.
- Regional: New Zealand
  - ⧼New Zealand North, New Zealand South.⧽
Continental: Pacific (introduced)
- Regional: South-Central Pacific
  - Easter Islands.
Continental: Northern America (introduced)
- Regional: Western Canada
  - British Columbia.
- Regional: Eastern Canada
  - Ontario, Québec.
- Regional: Northwestern U.S.A.
  - Oregon, Washington.
- Regional: North-Central U.S.A.
  - Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, Wisconsin.
- Regional: Northeastern U.S.A.
  - Connecticut, Massachusetts, Michigan, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Vermont.
- Regional: Southwestern U.S.A.
  - California, Utah.
- Regional: South-Central U.S.A.
  - New Mexico.
- Regional: Southeastern U.S.A.
  - Alabama, Louisiana, Virginia, District of Columbia.
- Regional: Mexico
  - Mexico Central, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Southeast.
Continental: Southern America (introduced)
- Regional: Central America
  - Guatemala.
- Regional: Caribbean
  - Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Leeward Islands, Puerto Rico, Trinidad-Tobago.
- Regional: Northern South America
  - Venezuela.
- Regional: Western South America
  - Peru.
- Regional: Southern South America
  - Argentina Northeast, Juan Fernández Islands, Uruguay.

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2^nd Edition

References

Primary references

Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum. Tomus II: 612. Reference page.

Additional references

Oyama, R.K. & Baum, D.A. 2004. Phylogenetic relationships of North American Antirrhinum (Veronicaceae). American Journal of Botany 91(6): 918–925. DOI: 10.3732/ajb.91.6.918 Reference page.
Barringer, K.A. 2013. New combinations in Sairocarpus (Plantaginaceae). Phytoneuron 2013-34: 1–3. PDF. Reference page.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2020. Antirrhinum in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2020 July 4. Reference page.
Hassler, M. 2025. World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. . Antirrhinum. Accessed: 5 July 2025. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2020. Antirrhinum. Published online. Accessed: 4 July 2020. Reference page.

Vernacular names

беларуская: Ільвіны зеў
čeština: Hledík
Deutsch: Löwenmäuler
English: Snap Dragons
Esperanto: Leonfaŭko
eesti: Lõvilõug
suomi: Leijonankidat
français: Muflier
magyar: Oroszlánszáj
Nederlands: Leeuwenbek
polski: Wyżlin
русский: Львиный зев
Türkçe: Aslanağzı
українська: Ротики